HumDev Ch. 24 quiz
The nurse is explaining services provided in assisted living to a couple considering a move to long-term housing for older adults. The nurse explains that assisted living includes: a. 24-hour protective oversight. b. medications administered by staff personnel. c. client responsibility for preparation of own medications. d. expectation that clients are independent in all care areas.
a. 24-hour protective oversight. Assisted living includes 24-hour oversight for clients. The clients must be mobile; they may require some assistance. All meals and snacks are provided. They may request assistance with bathing and hygiene. Housekeeping and laundry services are provided. They may require occasional assistance with dressing. The client should self-administer medication or may receive personal monitoring of medication administration.
A nurse is conducting a community health education program about osteoporosis with a group of older adults. Which of the following individuals in attendance is at greatest risk for developing osteoporosis? (select all that apply) a. 65-year-old Asian woman who smokes one pack of cigarettes per week b. 80-year-old White man who has three glasses of wine per day c. 74-year-old White woman on daily oral prednisone for emphysema d. 68-year-old Black man who has a sedentary lifestyle
a. 65-year-old Asian woman who smokes one pack of cigarettes per week b. 80-year-old White man who has three glasses of wine per day c. 74-year-old White woman on daily oral prednisone for emphysema Osteoporosis is a disease of bone loss common to women age 70 and older and men age 80 and older. The disease occurs six times more frequently in women than it does in men. Risk factors include a small, thin frame; White or Asian ancestry; family history; excessive thyroid medication or high doses of cortisone-like drugs for asthma, arthritis, or cancer; a diet low in dairy products and other sources of calcium; physical inactivity; smoking cigarettes; and drinking alcohol.
Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk of injury? a. 80-year-old who does not have air conditioning or a fan b. 70-year-old who has new dentures c. 68-year-old who has difficulty tasting salt in food d. 84-year-old who needs hearing aids
a. 80-year-old who does not have air conditioning or a fan Sweating decreases in older adults, predisposing them to heat stroke.
Which of the following nursing interventions implies respect for a persons spirituality? (select all that apply) a. Changing the position of the bed in a Muslim clients room so that it faces east b. Contacting the chaplain to assess the clients spiritual needs c. Saying a silent prayer with a client at the clients request d. Praying out loud in the room of a dying client
a. Changing the position of the bed in a Muslim clients room so that it faces east c. Saying a silent prayer with a client at the clients request Because of the highly personal quality of spirituality, an unobtrusive and sensitive presence by the nurse is needed to allow the person in any setting to achieve spiritual health. The nurse can provide an environment that is supportive to the practice of the persons spirituality. Praying out loud does not demonstrate respect for a persons spirituality but imposes the nurses belief system on the person. Nurses should be able to assess the persons spirituality initially and determine if it is necessary to further consult the chaplain.
A couple in their sixties has assumed responsibility for raising their two grandchildren ages 9 and 12 because the childrens parents died in a car accident. Which of the following are priority nursing interventions that the nurse can implement to help the grandparents cope with the responsibility of raising their grandchildren? a. Connecting them with the Grandparents Raising Grandchildren support group b. Encouraging them by reinforcing how they successfully raised their own children c. Volunteering to provide respite time for them as needed d. Assuring them that their stress level will lessen as they gain confidence
a. Connecting them with the Grandparents Raising Grandchildren support group Stress experienced by grandparents who must raise grandchildren can be lessened by counseling and participation in support groups.
As part of a community-wide flu vaccination program for older adults, the nurse is assisting at a vaccination clinic. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask before administering the vaccine? a. Do you have any food allergies? b. Have you had the pneumococcal vaccine? c. Have you had the flu in the past 5 years? d. Do you have Medicare?
a. Do you have any food allergies? An allergy to eggs is a contraindication to receiving flu vaccine grown in chick embryo cells.
A nurse has recently accepted the position of unit nurse manager on a long-term care unit. Which of the following directives should the nurse give to the staff nurses? a. Encourage residents to participate in unit activities such as Scrabble and bingo. b. Demonstrate the caring aspect of nursing by dressing residents before breakfast. c. Fill in missing words during conversation with the residents to avoid embarrassment. d. Instruct the aides to get residents ready for breakfast as quickly as possible to make sure they are ready to eat.
a. Encourage residents to participate in unit activities such as Scrabble and bingo. To encourage cognitive health nurses should inspire older individuals to take classes, read, engage in stimulating conversation and entertainment, keep their minds active, and continue learning throughout their lives. They are encouraged to continue with self-care activities rather than relinquish them to caregivers. Residents should be encouraged to perform self-care activities themselves. When help is required, it should be provided in an unhurried manner. Filling in missing words makes the resident dependent on the staff and reduces motivation to communicate, and the words supplied may not be the intended words.
A nurse is conducting a home visit for an older adult in the summer. Which of the following items should the nurse should locate in the home? a. Fan b. Porch chair c. Synthetic blend clothing d. Thermometer
a. Fan Older adults are susceptible to heat stroke. The availability of a fan will help cool the ambient air. Light-weight cotton clothing breathes and facilitates cooling, whereas synthetic material retains heat.
The nurse working in a retirement community for older adults is conducting a psychosocial assessment of all residents. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask during the assessment process? (select all that apply) a. Have you thought about harming yourself? b. Are you still playing bridge every Thursday? c. How does your congestive heart failure affect your life? d. Has your financial situation changed since last year?
a. Have you thought about harming yourself? b. Are you still playing bridge every Thursday? c. How does your congestive heart failure affect your life? Suicide ideation, loss of interest in activities, and chronic illness are signs of, or may lead to, depression. Economic difficulty is not a predictor of suicide in older adults.
Which of the following statements made by a client best identifies someone who would benefit from health promotion interventions? a. I have a new grandchild and want to be part of her life. b. My mother lived until she was 90, so a long life is in my genes. c. Some chronic illness is just a part of aging. d. I hope Ill live a lot longer, but one never knows.
a. I have a new grandchild and want to be part of her life. Motivation to adopt a healthy lifestyle is a primary predictor of successful interventions. Feeling that illness is just part of aging or leaving health up to chance will not help the person make necessary lifestyle changes.
Which of the following statements are correct concerning Alzheimer's dementia? (select all that apply) a. It includes disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle. b. It is the second most common form of dementia in the elderly. c. The Mini-Mental Status Examination can be used as a screening tool. d. The majority of patients are age 75 or older. e. Currently, there are no medications to treat this disease.
a. It includes disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle. c. The Mini-Mental Status Examination can be used as a screening tool. d. The majority of patients are age 75 or older. Dementias include Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common dementia, as well as Parkinson-related dementia, Huntington's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Pick disease, and Lewy body dementia. The Alzheimer's Association estimates that approximately 5.1 million Americans over 65 have Alzheimer's and approximately 81% of individuals with Alzheimer's are 75 or older.The symptoms of dementia include forgetfulness, inattentiveness, disorganized thinking, altered levels of consciousness, perceptual disturbances, sleep-wake disorders, psychomotor disturbances, and disorientation. Assessment for dementia can be made part of the routine assessment of older adults, especially if any of these symptoms arise. One tool that has been used successfully to screen for cognitive impairments among older adults is the Mini-Mental State Examination (Figure 24-4).At present, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease. Treatment for AD includes the use of medications for memory loss including cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, treatments for behavioral changes associated with AD, and treatment for sleep changes. Medications to treat Alzheimer's disease are known as cholinesterase inhibitors.
An 80-year-old person is admitted to the hospital. During the health assessment process, which of the following conditions should the person be screened for by the nurse? (select all that apply) a. Polypharmacy b. Kidney failure c. Illegal drug use d. Alcoholism
a. Polypharmacy b. Kidney failure c. Illegal drug use d. Alcoholism Alcoholism and illegal drug use are often overlooked by health care professionals because of a persons age. Many older adults take multiple over-the-counter and prescription medications and are at risk for drug interactions.
A man tells a nurse that he is concerned about his risk of developing cancer. Which of the following behaviors would place the man at higher risk of developing cancer? a. Smoking a half of a pack of cigarettes a day b. Exercising three times a week c. Consuming green, leafy vegetables several times a week d. Visiting a chiropractor every week
a. Smoking a half of a pack of cigarettes a day Habits that place older adults at a high risk for developing cancer: not following nutritional guidelines, high stress levels, not engaging in a regular exercise program, and smoking cigarettes and using other tobacco products.
Independent seniors may experience which of the following barriers to obtaining adequate nutritional intake? (select all that apply) a. Transportation issues b. Income c. Socialization d. Social support resources e. Cultural food preferences
a. Transportation issues b. Income d. Social support resources e. Cultural food preferences For independent seniors, barriers that may interfere with the ability to obtain adequate and nutritional food include limited transportation, income, and social support resources. Problems with access to food are compounded by the effect of normal changes of aging. Declines in gastrointestinal organ function can lead to changes in digestive metabolism and the absorption and elimination of nutrients. A deterioration of the smell, vision, and taste senses and the high frequency of dental and swallowing problems make maintaining adequate daily nutrition even more difficult. Additionally, side effects of required medications may affect appetite. Cultural food preferences and lifelong eating habits, such as diets high in fat and cholesterol, are other obstacles to maintaining optimal nutrition.
Which of the following interventions will have the greatest impact on reducing constipation in older adults? (select all that apply) a. Offering pureed foods that are easy to digest b. Encouraging fluids between meals c. Administering laxatives on a daily basis d. Assisting with ambulation
b. Encouraging fluids between meals d. Assisting with ambulation Nurses can help reduce the incidence of constipation by encouraging older adults to exercise and increase their fluid and dietary intake. Dietary modifications, such as increasing fiber and fluid intake, can stimulate the colon and resolve constipation. Pureed foods do not contain adequate fiber. Increased fluid intake and exercise should be implemented before relying on medication to relieve constipation.
A nurse has accepted a position as director of health services in a retirement community. Which of the following statements about retirees is important for the nurse to consider as she plans programs? (select all that apply) a. Depressed and inactive. b. Left their job to spend more time with family. c. Left their job because of ill health. d. Happy and well-adjusted to retirement.
b. Left their job to spend more time with family. d. Happy and well-adjusted to retirement. Research has demonstrated that the majority of retirees are in good health and happy with their decision to leave work so as to spend more time with their families
Which of the following statements are correct concerning biological agents and cancer in the context of the older adult? (select all that apply) a. The immune system becomes more efficient with aging. b. Many older adults have not received primary tetanus and diphtheria immunizations. c. Influenza has high mortality and morbidity in older adults. d. Cancer disproportionately affects older adults. e. Twenty-five (25) percent of all diagnosed cancers are found in older adults
b. Many older adults have not received primary tetanus and diphtheria immunizations. c. Influenza has high mortality and morbidity in older adults. d. Cancer disproportionately affects older adults. Because of decreased immune system response, older adults are susceptible to bacterial and viral disease. In many cases, older adults have not received primary immunization against diphtheria and tetanus. A large emphasis is placed on immunizing young children against communicable disease; however, older adults can also be protected by commonly available vaccines that have been shown to lower both morbidity and mortality. Two disease processes that are associated with higher mortality and morbidity are influenza and pneumonia.Cancer rates for older adults are disproportionately high in the United States. Although only 12% of the population is considered older adult, more than 50% of all diagnosed cancers are found in this population and the death rate for cancer is highest among adults 65 years of age and older. The reason for the large proportion of cancer in this country is unknown. Theories include longer exposure to carcinogens, increased susceptibility to cancer in the older body, decreased cellular healing ability, loss of tumor-suppressing genes, and decreased immune function.
Which of the following statements is correct concerning sleep in the older adult? a. 10% report difficulty sleeping. b. Older adults are more likely to report daytime sleepiness. c. Both alcohol and milk should be avoided before bedtime. d. Meditation after 6 PM increases bedtime alertness
b. Older adults are more likely to report daytime sleepiness. Inability to sleep is a frequent concern of older adults. Neikrug and Ancoli-Israel reported that approximately 50% of older adults state that they have difficulty sleeping. Sleep difficulties may include sleep apnea, the inability to fall asleep, the inability to stay asleep, the inability to fall back to sleep when awakening in the night, or the feeling of not being refreshed when awakening in the morning. The high prevalence of sleep disorders in older adults indicates that it is an important area for health care providers to address. Older adults are more likely to report excessive daytime sleepiness (EDT), which means that they find it difficult to remain awake or alert at appropriate times during the day.Teaching about normal changes reassures older adults that their sleep patterns have changed but are not necessarily harmful. Having this information may decrease anxiety. Identifying normal bedtime rituals, such as drinking a glass of milk, taking a relaxing bath, reading, or meditating, and ensuring that the person is able to continue these practices may help to establish normal sleep routines. Increasing physical activity during the day also helps them fall asleep more readily at night. Taking pain medication or using alternative pain-relief methods before going to bed can help those who suffer from painful conditions obtain better rest at night.
A woman who is being discharged from the hospital is oriented to person, place, and time, and her memory is intact. She has occasional forgetfulness without a consistent pattern of memory loss. Which of the following housing options would be most appropriate for this woman? a. Independent living b. Retirement community c. Assisted living d. Nursing facility
b. Retirement community Retirement community living is suited for a person who is oriented to person, place, and time and has a memory that is intact, but has occasional forgetfulness without a consistent pattern of memory loss. Independent living may be appropriate for the person if she had a consistent pattern of memory loss. Assisted living or nursing facility living may be appropriate if the woman has difficulty with orientation to person, place, or time or has difficulty with confusion that results in anxiety, social withdrawal, or depression.
Which of the following nursing diagnoses is a priority related to the problem of urinary incontinence? a. Risk for social isolation b. Risk for impaired skin integrity c. Risk for inadequate fluid intake d. Risk for impaired coping
b. Risk for impaired skin integrity Although social isolation and decreased fluid intake may occur because of urinary incontinence, impaired skin integrity is a major concern because of its impact on physical and psychological health.
The clinic nurse has seen the following four people today. Which of the following people is demonstrating a healthy coping pattern? a. Discusses very little except the loss of her husband 3 years ago b. Talks about the good times she and her husband had before his illness and death 1 year ago c. States that life is not worth living without her husband, who died 2 years ago d. Blames herself for her husbands death because she did not make him go to the doctor
b. Talks about the good times she and her husband had before his illness and death 1 year ago Research has demonstrated that rumination, self-blame, and catastrophizing have negative effects on coping, whereas positive reappraisal has a positive effect
Which of the following statements is the best definition of polypharmacy? a. The use of more than five medications prescribed by different physicians b. The use of multiple medications for the same or different health problems c. The use of multiple pharmacies and self-management of medications d. The use of multiple medications and supplements simultaneously
b. The use of multiple medications for the same or different health problems Polypharmacy is the use of multiple medications for the same or different health problems. It is a major concern for elderly people, with the rate of polypharmacy in this population being between 9% and 39%.
According to the National Resource Center on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Aging, it is estimated that between __ of older residents living in long-term care facilities are malnourished. a. 10% and 15% b. 20% and 25% c. 35% and 50% d. 55% and 70%
c. 35% and 50% Poor nutrition in older adults not only affects their overall health but also contributes to higher health care costs. Specific nutritional risk factors for US older adults include solitary living, race/ethnicity, low income, social isolation, and low social support. The National Resource Center on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Aging stated that between 35% and 50% of older residents living in long-term care facilities are malnourished and approximately 65% of older adults in hospitals may be malnourished. These data underscore the problems of maintaining good nutrition. For independent seniors, barriers that may interfere with the ability to obtain adequate and nutritional food include limited transportation, income, and social support resources.
According to Eriksons theory of development, which of the following older adults has successfully navigated the stage of ego integrity versus despair? a. 72-year-old man who is reluctant to retire because work is everything to me b. 78-year-old woman who has scheduled her third face lift c. 80-year-old man who has informed his children that he has made his funeral arrangements d. 67-year-old woman who is depressed because she has not been promoted at work for the past 10 years
c. 80-year-old man who has informed his children that he has made his funeral arrangements Successfully navigating the stage of ego integrity versus despair requires that the individual accept normal bodily changes associated with aging, find meaning in life apart from work, accepts the inevitability of death, and is at peace with his or her life.
A nurse is conducting a community education program about cognition in older adults. Which of the following information should be included? a. Some form of mild dementia is a normal part of aging. b. All forms of dementia have the same symptoms, but progress at different rates. c. Assessment for dementia should be part of routine physical exams. d. Elders who score below 27 points on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) are not likely to have a cognition problem.
c. Assessment for dementia should be part of routine physical exams. Cognitive alterations are key symptoms that indicate changes in physiological function among older persons. Thus, assessment of cognition is an important part of routine assessments. Dementia is not a normal part of aging. Dementia symptoms vary according to the specific type of dementia. A score of 23 or lower on the MMSE indicates a problem with cognition.
A nurse is assigned to provide care for a 96-year-old bedridden man who experiences severe pain from a chronic neurological disease. The man asks the nurse to please help him leave this world so that his suffering ends. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the nurse to take? a. Assist the doctor with the mans request b. Refuse to care for the man c. Contact the pain care specialist d. Provide the man with names of doctors who participate in assisted suicide
c. Contact the pain care specialist Nurses caring for chronically ill older adults have the added responsibility of determining who is at risk for wanting physician-assisted suicide and helping them to be as comfortable as possible and free of pain through the use of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. Refusing to care for the man could be construed as abandonment and is not necessary. Consulting a pain care specialist is the correct action.
Which of the following statements concerning urinary incontinence is correct? a. Urge incontinence occurs when one has the urge to void but is unable. b. Stress incontinence is associated with emotional turmoil. c. Functional incontinence occurs is associated with environmental barriers. d. Incontinence with high post-void residual occurs when someone laughs or sneezes.
c. Functional incontinence occurs is associated with environmental barriers. Functional incontinence is associated with environmental barriers, physical limitations, or cognitive impairment in which the client is unable to reach the toilet. Stress incontinence occurs when someone coughs or sneezes. Urge incontinence occurs when someone cannot wait to void once the urge to void is felt. Urge, mixed, or stress incontinence with high post-void residual is caused by physiological changes that affect voiding, such as an enlarged prostate gland.
The son of a 70-year-old man dying of cancer asks the nurse to tell him about the hospice program, so he can help his father decide if the program would be of benefit to him. Which of the following responses should be given by the nurse? a. At hospice, your father will be heavily medicated, so he will not have pain. b. All of your fathers care will be provided by nurses at hospice. c. Hospice care can take place either at home or in a hospice facility. d. Visiting hours are about the same at hospice as they are here in the hospital.
c. Hospice care can take place either at home or in a hospice facility. Once the person is placed in hospice care, treatment to relieve pain and other symptoms is continued by the physician after they have decided to end all curative treatment. Hospice care can occur in the home, a hospice inpatient facility, nursing home, and acute care hospital. The focus of hospice care is to help the person remain alert but free of pain. Families are encouraged to participate in care giving. There are no restrictions to visiting hours.
A nurse is conducting a staff development program about human sexuality for nurses who work in a long-term care facility. Which of the following statements would most likely be made by the nurse? a. The desire for sexual intimacy declines rapidly with age. b. Older adults are very well-informed about sexuality. c. Older adults need to practice safe sex. d. The danger of contracting STDs during sexual intimacy is extremely low in older adults.
c. Older adults need to practice safe sex. The desire for sexual intimacy remains a primary force throughout life. Older adults need teaching related to safe sexual practices, STD transmission, and so on. HIV infection is a concern in all age groups.
A community health nurse is working with a diverse population of older adults within the community. Based on the data from the National Health Interview Survey, which of the following assumptions should be made by the nurse when working with this diverse population? a. White Non-Hispanic older adults tend to require more assistance with their activities of daily living. b. Hispanic older adults tend to rate their health as poorer than other ethnic groups. c. Older adults who tend to rate their health as fair or poor are also financially poor. d. Older adults tend to require more assistance with activities of daily living than with meeting their routine needs.
c. Older adults who tend to rate their health as fair or poor are also financially poor. The National Health Interview Survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2010 provides interesting information about the perceptions of a variety of ethnic groups regarding their health status, their perceived need for assistance with routine needs, and the need for assistance with activities of daily living. In all groups, those who described their health as fair or poor were also more likely to be financially poor.
According to the US Census Bureau, the fastest-growing group within the older population is: a. 65 to 70. b. 70 to 75. c. 75 to 80. d. 85 and older
d. 85 and older Adults 85 and older are the fastest-growing group within the older adult population, which means that nurses in the community, acute care settings, and long-term facilities will increasingly be caring for these individuals. Women comprise about 4/5 of the centenarians. Many factors have come together to help older adults live longer and healthier. These include continued vaccination development, injury prevention, decrease in smoking, less air pollution, and health-promotion activities.During the past few decades, older adults have used the most health care dollars in the last 7 years of their lives, tending to wait until they became sick before seeking health care. Health care providers focused more on illness care than wellness care, resulting in a high prevalence of illness and limited health-promotion interventions. Misconceptions surrounding health promotion for older adults can impede the ability of nurses and other health providers to provide care that will enhance healthy aging. These misconceptions need to be overcome so that older adults receive health-promotion interventions that help to keep them active and healthy.
A person is preparing to return home following a 2-week hospital stay for congestive heart failure and pneumonia. Which of the following referrals would be most beneficial for the person? a. Transportation assistance b. Home-delivered meals c. Adult day care d. Home health nursing
d. Home health nursing Home care nurses provide health care information and services to individuals and families. The resources available to community health nurses frequently are rich and enable the nurses to draw on a variety of sources to assist in promoting the health of community-dwelling older adults. Although all of the referrals listed may be of benefit to the person, the home health nurse will provide the most comprehensive services and be able to connect the person to necessary community resources.
A 75-year-old man tells the nurse that he has difficulty staying asleep during the night. Which of the following responses should be made by the nurse? a. Older adults need as much sleep as middle-age and younger adults. Lets talk about your sleep patterns. b. Ill ask the nurse practitioner to prescribe a sleeping pill for you. c. Taking naps during the day can help relieve excessive fatigue and will help you sleep better. d. Lets talk about your sleep schedule and things that may prevent you from getting a restful nights sleep.
d. Lets talk about your sleep schedule and things that may prevent you from getting a restful nights sleep. Nurses should assist older adults in achieving a good nights sleep through assessment that might reveal possible causes of sleep disturbances. Older adults need less sleep than younger adults. Daytime naps may prevent sleeping adequately at night. Medications to assist in sleeping are not the initial therapy choice because of side effects.
Which of the following statements concerning nutrition and older adults is true? a. Older adults who live in their own homes are more likely to be malnourished than older adults living in a nursing home. b. Older adults lose their desire for high-fat, salty foods. c. Meals served in long-term care institutions are usually more well-balanced than foods eaten by older adults living at home. d. Many older adults are not aware of food assistance programs.
d. Many older adults are not aware of food assistance programs. Barriers that may interfere with the ability of independent seniors to obtain adequate nutritional food include limited transportation, income, and social support resources. Many older persons are unaware that they are eligible to participate in SNAP. The percent of older adults who live in their own homes and are malnourished is lower than that of older adults who live in a nursing home. Older adults do not lose their desire for high-fat, high-cholesterol, high-sodium foods. Fresh fruits and vegetables are not always available for older adults living in nursing homes.
Which of the following disorders, affecting older adults, is characterized by loss of visual accommodation causing the inability to maintain focus on objects close to the eye? a. Glaucoma b. Sclerosis c. Cataracts d. Presbyopia
d. Presbyopia A variety of structural changes cause visual acuity to decrease, color discrimination to become less acute, pupil size and constriction ability to decrease, and peripheral vision to diminish. Presbyopia is a loss of accommodation that occurs as people age and results in the inability to maintain focus on objects close to the eye. The lens of the eyes thickens and becomes yellow and predisposes the older adult to cataracts. The older adult is also at increased risk for glaucoma, a group of eye disorders characterized by increased intraocular pressure. Because of the normal changes in the aging eye and the high risk for disease, a baseline eye assessment should be done to identify age-related changes and any disease processes. Follow-up eye appointments should be scheduled annually. Atrophy or sclerosis of the tympanic membrane affects hearing.
The community health nurse has obtained a grant to offer a Safe Driving series for older adults. Which of the following information should the nurse stress during the series? a. Traffic fatalities involving older adults occur mainly at dusk. b. The cause of two-vehicle accidents is frequently an older driver striking another car. c. The average blood alcohol level in older adults involved in accidents is higher than the blood alcohol level of younger drivers involved in accidents. d. Relearning the art of defensive driving can help reduce the likelihood that an older driver will be involved in a motor vehicle accident.
d. Relearning the art of defensive driving can help reduce the likelihood that an older driver will be involved in a motor vehicle accident. Traffic fatalities involving older adults occur mainly during the daytime. The cause of two vehicle accidents is frequently a younger driver striking the car driven by an older adult. The average blood alcohol level in older adults involved in accidents is lower than the blood alcohol level of younger drivers involved in accidents.
A nurse is planning to write a grant for a health promotion project in the community. Which of considerations should the nurse make when determining the appropriate population for this project? a. The fastest growing population is children under the age of 12. b. The fastest growing population is young Black American adults. c. The fastest growing population is White middle-age adults. d. The fastest growing population is non-White older adults age 65 and older.
d. The fastest growing population is non-White older adults age 65 and older. Adults age 85 and older are the fastest growing population in the United States, and the percentage of White Americans greater than age of 65 is decreasing compared with other ethnic groups.
A nurse is assisting with development of menu items at a long-term care facility. Which of the following menus would the nurse most likely recommend? a. One egg over easy, one slice of whole wheat toast with sugar-free jam, 4 oz orange juice b. 5-oz cheeseburger cooked medium well with lettuce and tomato, 10 baked potato chips, and 1 cup of decaf coffee with low-fat milk and artificial sweetener c. Chef salad with 2 oz each ham and turkey, lettuce, tomato, bean sprouts, onion, green pepper with low-fat dressing, and one small roll with low-fat spread d. Turkey bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich on whole wheat bread with two teaspoons of low-fat mayonnaise, 10 vegetable chips, and ice tea with artificial sweetener
d. Turkey bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich on whole wheat bread with two teaspoons of low-fat mayonnaise, 10 vegetable chips, and ice tea with artificial sweetener The United States Department of Agriculture recommends that infants and young children, pregnant women, older adults, and those who are immune compromised should not consume raw (unpasteurized) milk or any products from unpasteurized milk, raw or partially cooked eggs or foods containing raw eggs, raw or undercooked meat and poultry, raw or undercooked fish or shellfish, unpasteurized juices, or raw sprouts.
Which of the following statements is correct concerning exercise and the older adult? a. As people age, weight-bearing exercises can be hazardous. b. Swimming should be avoided running for persons with arthritis. c. After age 65, exercise should be limited to 3 times per week. d. Walking is a popular and beneficial activity
d. Walking is a popular and beneficial activity The overwhelming evidence of the positive effects of exercise has led the US Department of Health and Human Services to develop within its program Healthy People 2020 national objectives for increasing the percentage of adults who exercise regularly. Regular physical activity helps and may even prevent many chronic health problems associated with aging, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and depression. Normal changes of aging, pathological conditions, and environmental deterrents do not need to prevent the older adult from exercising (Figure 24-2).Walking, which can be done in both community settings and health care facilities, is a popular form of exercise among older adults. Other popular activities for older adults include swimming, weight-bearing exercises, and aquatic exercises. Weight-bearing and muscle-building exercises help to maintain functional mobility, promote independence, and prevent falls. Weight-bearing exercises are shown to be highly effective in reducing bone wasting associated with osteoporosis. Regular exercise promotes maintenance of bone mineral density in older adults. Persons with conditions such as spinal stenosis and arthritis often find that they can exercise in a swimming pool without pain so this is an important way for them to maintain an exercise plan and increase their functional ability. There is no need to limit exercise to three (3) times per week. Senior adults may exercise daily if so inclined.
Characteristic behaviors of older adults who have successfully met Erikson's ego integrity vs despair developmental task include: a. fear of death. b. feelings that life has been lived in vain. c. identity is related to career and work only. d. honest acceptance of the life that has passed.
d. honest acceptance of the life that has passed. Ego integrity vs despair is the developmental stage of older adults. The quality associated with successful passage of this stage is to achieve a balance between integrity and despair. "The process of bringing into balance feelings of integrity and despair involves a review of and a coming to terms with the life one has lived thus far." Based on the increasing life span, this stage of development was expanded into three additional stages: ego differentiation vs work role preoccupation, which involves achieving identity apart from work; body transcendence vs body preoccupation, which focuses on adjusting to normal aging changes; and ego transcendence vs ego preoccupation, which involves accepting death.Successfully meeting this developmental task would involve an honest acceptance of the life that has passed and the stage of life that is currently being lived. Individuals who have reached this stage are said to be at peace with themselves. The inability to reach this stage leads to fear of death and despair that life has been lived in vain. Ego differentiation, which is a part of the developmental stage of ego integrity, involves achieving an identity apart from work.
