HW 1

Which interaction is MOST important in enhancing the solubility of macromolecules in water?

H bonds

The light microscope was used to observe the cellular structure of cork by _______, who named the chambers "cells."

Hooke

Which of the following classes of amino acids is buried within the folded structure of the protein?

Nonpolar

The MOST electronegative atoms typically present in biological molecules are ____ and ____.

O, N

Organisms that evolved the ability to use H2O as a donor of electrons and hydrogen for the photosynthetic conversion of CO2 to organic compounds radically changed Earth by producing

O2

Most laboratories make use of cultured cells to study human disease. What makes these cultured cells such useful models?

They provide a continuous and uniform source of new cells.

The feature that most clearly distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes is the presence of _______ in eukaryotic cells.

a nucleus

Molecules that are partly water-soluble and partly water-insoluble are

amphipathic

Organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated in eukaryotic cells via a process called

endosymbiosis

The MOST stable atoms and thus those that are typically nonreactive are the atoms that have _______.

full outer shells

A few sugars joined together are called a(n)

oligosaccharide

Cell membranes are composed principally of

phospholipids

What kind of bond results from an unequal sharing of electrons?

polar covalent bond

Proteins must have more than one _______ to have a quaternary structure.

polypeptide chain

Fluorescent-labeled antibodies are used on cells primarily to locate a specific

protein

Where are hydrophobic interactions MOST likely to occur?

the core of a water-soluble protein