hy121 midterm

Who was the leader of the National Woman's Party, an organization that employed militant tactics in favor of women's suffrage?

Alice Paul

Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights?

Booker T. Washington

In 1875, as sentiment arose to restrict Chinese immigration, Congress passed a law excluding which of the following people from entering the country?

Chinese women

American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.

False

By 1912, the Socialist Party had dwindled, losing many of their political office posts and lessening ties with radical newspapers and magazines.

False

Ironically, the Farmers' Alliance found greater support among industrial workers than among small farmers.

False

Most Progressives opposed America's entry into World War I as jingoistic, imperialist venturing.

False

The American Federation of Labor mainly represented unskilled industrial workers.

False

The West was a remarkably homogeneous region--only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse.

False

With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.

False

Which of the following is attributed to Louis D. Brandeis?

He felt the foremost social problem in America was the contradiction between political liberty and industrial slavery.

Which of the following is attributed to William "Big Bill" Haywood?

He was accused of instigating the murder of a former anti-union governor.

Which statement accurately describes sharecropping?

It allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year

What was the significance of the Reconstruction Act of March 1867?

It divided the South into five military districts and called for the creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.

Why did the Society of American Indians form in 1911?

It was formed to provide Native Americans with remedies for social injustice.

Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African-Americans migrated to

Kansas.

What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?

Knights of Labor

Which of the following was a principle of the American Federation of Labor?

Labor should avoid entanglement in politics to avoid patronage and corruption.

In Wabash v. Illinois, this prior ruling was essentially reversed.

Munn v. Illinois

What U.S. President, a century after the rise of exclusionary immigration laws passed by Congress in the late 1800s, generated a bitter public and international debate for launching an effort to build an actual wall along the U.S.-Mexico border?

President Donald Trump

The phrase "forty acres and a mule" is derived from

Sherman's Field Order 15

The poem by Emma Lazarus including "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" is located on which American landmark?

Statue of Liberty

In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?

They should have no role in shaping policies

"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans.

True

Black Codes sometimes assigned black children to work for their former masters without parental consent.

True

By 1890, the majority of the remaining Indian population had been removed to reservations scattered across the western states.

True

By 1910, more than 40 percent of New York City's population had been born abroad.

True

By 1918, the wealthiest Americans were paying 60 percent of their income in taxes.

True

By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows, and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.

True

Cities expanded so rapidly that by 1920 for the first time more Americans lived in towns and cities than in rural areas.

True

During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the U.S. House of Representatives and two U.S. senators.

True

Following the outbreak of World War I, the Allied and Central Powers each acted to block American trade with their adversaries.

True

In 1900, the Foraker Act declared Puerto Rico an "insular territory," meaning it was different from previous territories in the West.

True

In the late nineteenth century, black women were largely excluded from jobs as secretaries, typists, and department store clerks.

True

Like the American Federation of Labor, the National American Woman Suffrage Association was infused with the social elitism of the times.

True

One result of Muller v. Oregon was that women were still considered weak, dependent, and incapable of enjoying the same economic rights as men.

True

Ten of the twelve states that by 1916 had adopted women's suffrage were carried by Wilson in the election that year; without women's votes, Wilson would not have been reelected.

True

The KKK was founded in 1866 as a secret society and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party.

True

The Platt Amendment authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba whenever it saw fit.

True

The civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the "Second Reconstruction."

True

Twenty million people were killed by the flu (epidemic of influenza) at the end of World War I.

True

The worst race riot in American history occurred in 1921, when more than 300 blacks were killed and over 10,000 were left homeless after white mobs burned an all-black section of which city to the ground?

Tulsa, Oklahoma

This federal agency presided over all elements of war production from the distribution of raw materials to the prices of manufactured goods.

War Industries Board

Dollar Diplomacy, the U.S. foreign policy that emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks, rather than direct military intervention, was the policy of

William Taft.

In her influential book, Women and Economics, Charlotte Perkins Gilman reinforced this idea.

Women's freedom lay through the workplace rather than only the domestic scene.

In the era from 1870 to 1890, the label "the Gilded Age" originally derived from

a derogatory name from literature meaning covered with gold but what lies beneath is of little value.

The "Open Door" Policy refers to

a key principle of U.S. foreign relations that emphasizes the free flow of trade and investment.

The term "Progressive" that came into common use around 1910 describes

a loosely defined political movement of people who hoped to bring about social and political change in American life.

The Committee on Public Information (CPI) flooded the country with prowar propaganda, describing Germany as

a nation of barbaric Huns led by an autocratic Kaiser aligned against freedom.

A "carpetbagger" was

a northerner who settled in the South after the war

Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance"?

a pan-Indian movement that involved singing, dancing, and religious observances

The "subtreasury plan" was

a plan to establish federal warehouses where farmers could store crops until they were sold.

Which of the following was a reason for America's imperial expansion?

a quest on the part of business for new markets and natural resources

Which of the following was a major factor in the creation of a rapid and profound economic revolution in the United States after the Civil War?

abundant natural resources

The United States entered World War I in April of 1917 only after Germany resumed submarine warfare against its ships in the Atlantic and

after discovery of the Zimmermann Telegram.

Which of the following was a military technology used during World War I?

airplanes

The 1914 Ludlow Massacre was

an attack by an armed militia against a tent city of striking workers in Colorado.

William "Buffalo Bill" Cody was

an entertainer who had a traveling show showcasing reenactments of battles with Indians.

In 1903, for the first time in U.S. history, Congress passed a law declaring that a person holding a specific political viewpoint could be banned from entering the nation. These were the

anarchists.

During the Progressive era, economic production shifted from capital goods to

consumer products.

What were critics of immigration worried about during this time period?

declining birth rate among white women

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871

defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses.

In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was

disproportionate, as the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent.

One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to

ensure a working system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.

The Progressive era was a time of

explosive economic growth, rapid population rise, increased industrial production, and a "Golden Age" for agriculture.

What did three amendments to the U.S. Constitution guarantee to former slaves shortly after the Civil War?

freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men

Which of the following was a strategy of the Populists?

holding public events to give their followers a sense of power and community

The series of mass strikes called the "Uprising of the 20,000" in New York included

immigrant workers who wanted the right to bargain collectively with their employers.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because

it outlawed discrimination in voting based on race but not gender

The Black Codes were

laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves in the South.

The 1887 Dawes Act

led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.

President Wilson's foreign policy that called for active intervention to remake the world in America's image was called

liberal internationalism.

Between 1901 and 1920, the U.S. marines landed in Caribbean countries

more than twenty times.

By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?

one-third

A leader in the new feminism, Margaret Sanger

opened a clinic and began distributing contraceptive devices to poor women.

Those who embraced the new "bohemia" included

people who rejected conventional rules and practices.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools for the purpose of

removing Indian children from their parents and tribes and assimilating them into "white ways."

The Redeemers in the South

slashed state budgets and reduced spending on hospitals and public schools.

What product ultimately led the United States in part to annex the Hawaiian islands in the late 1890s?

sugar

Founded in 1867, this group claimed more than 700,000 members in the mid-1870s, who called on state governments to establish fair freight rates and warehouse charges.

the Grange

The idea of a romanticized version of slavery in the Old South, focusing on the Confederate experience, was called

the Lost Cause.

What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay regarding China?

the Open Door policy

The American foreign policy principle that held that the United States had a right to exercise "an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere was called

the Roosevelt Corollary.

President Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for helping to negotiate a settlement of

the Russo-Japanese War in Asia of 1905.

The "splendid little war" of 1898 was

the Spanish-American War.

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that

the Union victory created an opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights regardless of race.

The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was triggered by

the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.

The Reconstruction amendments to the U.S. Constitution helped to create

the first national biracial democracy in world history.

Henry Ford's factory adopted a method of production known as

the moving assembly line.

Causes of the "new immigration" included

the outbreak of revolutions and warfare outside of the United States.

What activity made the postemancipation experience in the United States unique from other societies and became central to the former slaves' desire for empowerment and equality?

the right to vote within two years of the end of slavery

Elk v. Wilkins (1884) stated that

the rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to American Indians.

Of all the mass consumption activities, this was the most popular form of mass entertainment.

vaudeville

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction

were often arrested and hired out to white landowners.

Which of the following were sources of violence in America during the Gilded Age?

white supremacist southern attacks on African Americans

A leading characterization of U.S. foreign policy in the early twentieth century was

"Dollar Diplomacy."

President Theodore Roosevelt's reform program was called the

"Square Deal."

How many soldiers perished during World War I worldwide?

10 million

In what year did Congress grant citizenship to all Native Americans?

1924