Hydrotherapy - Chapter 13

What supplies and equipment are needed for various immersion baths?

1. Bath tub and bath thermometer 2. Bath towel and mat 3. Shower cap, robe, and slippers for client 4. Bath oil and lotion 5. Bath sheets 6. Compress cloth and basin of cool water 7. Air pillow and towel

What are the four ways heat can be transferred to the body?

1. Conduction is the direct exchange of heat when the surface of the body is in direct contact with the thermal agent (heat pack, immersion bath) 2. Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of the air (steam bath, sauna) 3. Radiation is the transfer of heat by ways of rays contacting the body (the sun, infrared) 4. Conversion is the converting of an energy source into heat as it passes through the bodiy's tissue (diathermy, ultrasonography)

As soon as the cold application is discontinued, there is a secondary and more lasting effect on the area of the body being cooled

1. The skin becomes more warmed and relaxed 2. The surface blood vessels dilate, bringing more blood to the skin 3. Nerve sensitivity increases 4. Adjacent body cells are stimulated in their functional activity

Immediate effects of cold applications:

1. The skin is chilled 2. Surface blood vessels constrict, and blood is driven to the interior of the body 3. Nerve sensitivity is reduced, reducing pain 4. The metabolic activity of body cells slows 5. Inflammation and swelling are reduced. Secondary tissue damage is minimized

What is the recommended amount of time for a cabinet or steam canopy treatment

10-25 minutes

Water temperatures for immersion baths and hydro tubs should not exceed

104 degrees

The temperature in a steam bath is ______ to _____ degrees and the humidity is _____%

105-125 degrees 100%

Water temperatures above ________ should not be used for hydrotherapy

110 degrees .

The temperature in a sauna can be _____ to _____ degrees with the humidity between _____ to _____%

180-190 degrees 5-30%

The boiling point of water

212 degrees

Freezing point of water

32 degrees

Surface temperature of skin

92 degrees

The normal core temperature of the human body

98.6 degrees

An electrical appliance used to heat and store moist hot packs is called

A hydrocollator

This type of bath is given as a stimulant to the pelvic region

A sitz bath Temperature usually 100-104 degrees

Short application of cold 2-5 seconds has

A stimulating effect

Thermal effects are produced by the application of water at temperatures

Above or below that of the body. This is done by baths, wraps, and packs that raise or lower the temperature of the body

Chemical effects

Are produced by any of a variety of products added to bath water or steam such as essential oils, herbal preparations, salt, Epson salt, or baking soda

Contraindications for hydrotherapy

Cardiac impairment, diabetes, lung disease, kidney infection, extremely high or low blood pressure, an infectious skin condition or open wounds

The application of heat

Causes a vasodilation and a circulation increase in an attempt to dissipate heat. A whole-body application of heat raises the core body temperature causing a fever-like reaction which increases the white and red blood cell count, increased metabolism and leukocyte migration

Thermal, mechanical or Chemical

Changes in the body as a result of hydrotherapy are classified

Benefits of a whirlpool bath include

Circulation, soothing to the muscles, and relaxing to the nerves

Water that is 70 degrees or lower is considered

Cold

The application of ice should be of short duration as it causes a series of sensations known as CBAN: which stands for

Cold Burning Aching Numbness

Water that is in the temperature range of 70-90 degrees Is considered

Cool

An extended application of cold 10 to 30 minutes

Depresses metabolic activity

The application of oscillating electromagnetic fields to the tissue is called

Diathermy

Full body applications

Have systemic effects

Examples of dry heat Include

Heating pad Infrared radiation Diathermy Ultrasonography

Temperatures above that of the body are considered

Hot

Prolonged general treatments above 104 degrees can cause

Hyperthermia

Prolonged general treatments below 70 degrees can cause

Hypothermia

Ice massage

Is a local application of cold achieved by massaging a cube of ice over a small area such as a bursa, tendon, or small muscle

Contrast therapy

Is one of the best ways to increase circulation to an area to promote healing, which is the alternate application of heat and cold

Ice treatment can be repeated as often as

Once an hour

Examples of moist heat include

Packs and compresses Wraps Sprays and showers Baths Air baths Steam baths Saunas

Local application of cold is beneficial for

Painful, inflamed and swollen areas. It acts as an analgesic to reduce pain and causes vasoconstriction to limit swelling

This type of bath provides warm relief for achy hands and feet

Paraffin

Mechanical effects are produced by the

Pressure exerted on the surface of the body by sprays, whirlpool baths, and friction

Define the acronym RICE

R = rest I = ice C = compression E = elevation

Buoyancy

Reduces the weight of an object immersed in water according to the volume of water displaced by the object. Buoyancy reduces the force of gravity and makes it possible to move, float, or exercise in a near gravity-free environment

Ice is the first aid for traumatic

Soft tissue injuries

Local applications have

Specific local effects

Quick, short application of cold is

Stimulating and causes a reduction of nerve sensitivity, circulation, muscle spasms, and spasticity. They have a numbing, anesthetic analgesic effect that makes them valuable in relief of acute pain from bursitis, soft tissue injury, burns, and neuralgia

The body reaction can either be

Stimulating or sedating to the circulatory system, the nervous system, and the elimination process

Water that is slightly below normal body temperature is

Tepid to warm (92-96 degrees )

Water treatments are based on the simple physical property of water

That heat, cold, or pressure can be conveyed to many blood vessels and nerves in the skin

Hydrotherapy

The application of water in any of its three forms (solid, liquid, vapor) to the body for therapeutic purposes.

Cryotherapy

The therapeutic process of cooling the body

Thermotherapy

The use of heat for therapeutic purposes

The primary goal of Cryotherapy is

To reduce the tissue temperature.

The universal solvent

Water provides buoyancy In its solid form as ice, it can be used as an effective cooling agent; in its vapor form, it can be used for facials and steam baths; and in its liquid state it can be used for compresses , showers, and immersion baths either to cool or warm the body , depending on the temperature of the body.

This type of bath is a partial submersion bath in which the water is agitated to produce a slight pressure on the body

Whirlpool bath

Sources for the local application of cold include:

• cold compresses • ice packs Chipped or crushed ice in a plastic bag or towel Commercial ice packs •. Ice massage •. Compressor units with thermal packs and controls •. Immersion baths