IB Computer Science Computer Organization

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primary memory

a computer system's volatile storage mechanism. It may be random access memory (RAM), cache memory and data buses but is mainly associated with RAM.

Menus

a list of options or commands presented to an operator by a computer or communications system.

cache memory

a small area of memory in a computer that can be accessed very quickly

spreadsheet

table of values arranged in rows and columns

memory management

to provide ways to dynamically allocate portions of memory to programs at their request, and free it for reuse when no longer needed

RAM

(random access memory) is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer's processor.

Boolean operators

AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR

machine instruction cycle

It is the process by which a computer retrieves a program instruction from its memory, determines what actions the instruction requires, and carries out those actions

word processor

a term that means using a computer to create, edit, and print documents

Integer

a whole number (not a fraction) that can be positive, negative, or zero

ALU

an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise logical operations on integer binary numbers.

logic gate

an elementary building block of a digital circuit

Character

any letter, number, space, punctuation mark, or symbol that can be typed on a computer.

ROM

read only memory: a storage device that holds data permanently and cannot in normal circumstances be altered by the programmer

persistent storage

refers to the characteristic of state that outlives the process that created it

Bit

the smallest unit of measurement used to quantify computer data. It contains a single binary value of 0 or 1.

Colours

the three hues of light (red, green, and blue), that can mix together to form any color.

email

the transmission of messages over communications networks.

CAD

the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design

Byte

unit of measurement that contains eight binary bits, or a series of eight zeros and ones.

dialogue boxes

a small window that communicates information to the user and prompt them for a response.

truth tables

a breakdown of a logic function by listing all possible values the function can attain

database management system

a collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a database

data representation

the methods used to structure different types of information.

denary/decimal

the number system that uses the 10 digits from 0 to 9.

CPU

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

data bus

a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers

CU

The control unit is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs operation of the processor.

Toolbars

a graphical control element on which on-screen buttons, icons, menus, or other input or output elements are placed.

multitasking

a method where several processes are performed during the same period of time They are executed concurrently

GUI components

a combination of technologies and devices to provide a platform that the user can interact with, for the tasks of gathering and producing information. The most common combination of such elements in GUIs is the WIMP ("window, icon, menu, pointing device") paradigm, especially in personal computers.

Binary

a numbering system in which there are only two possible values for each digit: 0 and 1.

address bus

a series of lines connecting two or more devices that is used to specify a physical address

Browser

a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web

memory data register

contains the data to be stored in the computer storage

memory address register

holds the memory location of data that needs to be accessed


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