IB Week 9 Learning Goals

Calculate allele frequencies given genotype frequencies or number of individuals with each genotype

Allele frequency - p+q=1; Genotype frequency - p^2+2pq+q^2=1

Be able to apply the Hardy-Weinberg equation to estimate the frequencies of carriers in a population, assuming alleles of the gene in question is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Carriers are heterozygous of 2pq in genotype frequency.

Understand in what sense the Hardy-Weinberg equation represents the prediction of the null hypothesis of biological evolution.

Hardy Weinberg is used with chi-square analysis to accept or reject the null hypothesis. If the hypothesis is rejected because of a significant unexpected chi square value, then the population is in evolution and thus is violating the H-W principle.

Determine whether or not a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium using the Chi-Square statistic to compare expected and observed genotype frequencies of a population, and explain the biological implications of either rejecting or failing to reject the null hypothesis based on your results

If chi square value is significant, then H-W is being violated (meaning evolution is occurring). If chi square values are insignificant, then H-W is not violated and is just due to chance.

List and restate (in your own words) the five assumptions/conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg principle

Random mating; no natural selection; no genetic drift; no gene flow; no mutation.

Calculate the expected frequencies of offspring of particular genotypes or phenotypes expected in the next generation if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium given allele or genotype frequencies in the current generation

Take p^2, 2pq, and q^2 and multiply each by the total number of individuals in the test to obtain expected genotype distribution in individuals

Explain (in your own words) the predictions of the Hardy-Weinberg (HW) Principle

The Hardy-Weinberg principle predicts the allele and genotype frequencies in a gene pool and predicts that the frequencies do not change overtime, which is known as a null hypothesis.