iClicker Quiz #3 History (Chapters 15 and 16)

What event sparked the Indian Mutiny of 1857?

A rumor that cow and pig fat had been used to grease the cartridges used in soldiers' rifles

What did Marx and Engels believe would be the outcome of the conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat?

A victory by the proletariat would result in the destruction of capitalism, the end of private property, and the withering away of the state.

Which are was the world's largest slaveholding region in the mid-nineteenth century?

Africa

How would life in a Fourierist phalanx qualify as a reform of Restoration Europe's economic order?

All members would work at diverse tasks, in comfort.

How did non-Indian Mexicans view the Mayan rebellion they called the Caste War?

As a battle between forward-looking Mexican liberals and backward-looking Indians

Why did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels call their theories "scientific" socialism?

Because their arguments were rooted in a materialist view of history

What did the Islamic revitalization movements of the early nineteenth century have in common with the Taiping movement in China?

Both provided new opportunities to claim political and spiritual legitimacy.

Orientalists were:

British scholars who studied Indian languages, religions, and literatures.

How did the Mayan rebels express their increasing desire for cultural autonomy?

By creating a new political, moral, and religious system that was almost entirely divorced from the rest of Mexico

The ________ redrew Europe's borders and tried to guard against future revolutions or French expansionism.

Congress of Vienna

What form of government was most common in post-Napoleonic Europe?

Conservative monarchy

Besides the United State and India, which region of the world became an important cotton exporter in the nineteenth century?

Egypt

How did the Industrial Revolution affect Europe's relationships with other parts of the world?

Europe became more powerful by exporting more goods than it imported.

Which of the following revolutions began with a successful slave revolt?

Haitian

All of the following groups supported Usman dan Fodio's revolt against the Hausa city-states except:

Hausa landlords

What change did the British East India Company make in its approach to ruling India during the 1840s?

It annexed more land and stripped native aristocrats of their privileges.

How did the status of Islam in West Africa change after the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate?

It changed from a minority religion to the majority religion in the region.

How did the idea that "all men are created equal" affect revolutionary American society?

It encouraged people to overturn social hierarchies and stop deferring to those who claimed higher rank.

During the early nineteenth century, what characteristic of the British East India Company did British observers believe was most in need of reform?

Its monopoly on British trade with India

Hong Xiuquan believed that he was:

Jesus's younger brother sent to rid the world of evil.

Prior to the mid-nineteenth century, how did the Mayan experience of colonial rule differ from that of other indigenous Mexican peoples?

Lack of minerals or fertile land meant that Mayans escaped from forced labor recruitment and social disruption.

Why did small-scale settlements in southern Africa give way to larger states during the early nineteenth century?

Larger states were better equipped to compete for limited resources and defend against their enemies

The jobless craftsmen who smashed the machinery that had rendered them unemployed were known as _________.

Luddites

Which of the following was not a characteristic of the industrial revolution?

More people earned a living by working in factories.

Which turn-of-the-nineteenth-century event destabilized the Ottoman Empire?

Napoleon's invasion of Egypt

All of the following contributed to the beliefs and goals of the Taiping Rebellion except:

Orthodox Confucian beliefs.

Which of the following groups of people was most attracted to Wahhabi Islam?

People who felt threatened by the increasing pace of commerce and intellectual change.

Which of the following was not a change made by the British in their approach to ruling India after 1857?

The British began to use railroads, roads, and telegraph lines to link the region together and make it easier to govern effectively.

What happened in the aftermath of the Shawnee rebellion?

The U.S. government relocated most Native Americans west of the Mississippi River.

How did the trade relationship between China and Europe change in the early nineteenth century?

The balance of trade between China and Europe was reversed.

How did the Greeks use nationalist argument in support of their fight for independence during the 1820s?

They cited their ancient Greek heritage and their membership in the community of Christians.

What message did Tecumseh spread among the Indians of the Great Lakes region?

They should unify and stop selling land to the Americans.

When the Mayans of the Yucatan peninsula revolted against the Mexican government in 1847, what was their initial demand?

They wanted political equality with other Mexicans.

Which of the following leaders did not rely on the military to gain and hold power?

Tsar Alexander I

Why did the end of the Atlantic slave trade lead to the decline of some African states?

Without income from the slave trade, leaders couldn't afford to buy weapons or pay their soldiers.

What did the radical thinkers of the Restoration-period Europe have in common?

a belief in the importance of popular sovereignty

What was the outcome of the 1848 revolutions in Europe?

a crackdown by reactionary governments

The absence of which of the following factors contributed to the failure of Mohammad Ali's attempt to industrialize Egypt?

a reliable source of energy

When the Shawnee and other Native Americans wanted to cooperate with the U.S. government officials and Christian missionaries, they were asked to do all of the following except:

abandon their native language.

What reform or reforms did the British Chartist movement call for?

annual parliamentary elections, universal male suffrage, and the secret ballot

Peasant participation in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 was characterized by:

attacks on people and places that represented their oppression, both Indian and British.

Nineteenth-century English observers like James and John Stuart Mill thought that Indian people were:

backward and unfit for self-rule.

In South America, the political revolution against the Spanish monarchy in the early nineteenth century:

became a social struggle among Indians, slaves, mestizos, and whites.

The rule of Napoleon Bonaparte was characterized by:

centralized, efficient administration

In Restoration-period Europe, liberal thinkers wanted to:

continue to pursue political reforms, but not attempt economic reforms.

The leaders of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Islamic revitalization movements sought to reestablish the glory of Islam through which practice?

creating full-scale theocratic polities

Radical French revolutionaries did all of the following when they controlled the French government during the 1790s except:

declare France to be a constitutional monarchy

The Taiping Rebellion was an example of what Chinese tradition?

egalitarian, millenarian peasant revolts

In the eighteenth century, all of the following were arguments made against the use of the mercantile system except:

free trade would increase the power of kings and aristocrats.

The introduction of what new crop to the Yucatan encouraged the incorporation of the Maya into the plantation system?

henequen

How did nationalist thinkers define "the nation"?

in terms of a shared language and shared history

Which of the following did not contribute to social and political instability in China after the Opium War?

increased standards of living among the peasantry

Both the American Revolution and the French Revolution:

introduced republican forms of the government

Generally speaking, the Taiping Rebellion failed because:

it failed to attract strong support from the landed gentry and other elite groups.

Quaker activists in England and the United States advocated for ending the Atlantic slave trade because:

it was immoral.

All of the following contributed to Great Britain's early industrialization except:

its belief that the best place for innovative thinkers was in the government bureaucracy.

Viewed collectively, the actions of the rebels and dissidents in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries reflected:

local traditions and levels of contact with global trade networks and European power.

What factors led to Mexico's declaration of independence in 1820?

loss of faith in the Spanish king's ability to rule effectively

The Shawnee Prophet's message of renewal appealed to:

members of many Indian tribes.

Which group or groups of people did elite Europeans and Euro-Americans believe should be eligible for political liberty?

men and property

Reforming leaders in the Ottoman Empire relied on European models in order to carry out which of the following?

modernization of their military and educational systems

Tsar Nicholas I used all of the following methods to maintain absolute rule in Russia except:

modernizing Russia's administrative apparatus.

Which indigenous group benefited from the British East India Company's changing policies in the years leading up to the 1857 Indian rebellion?

moneylenders

Calls for political reform in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world relied on which of the following new ideas?

nationalism and democracy

All of the following contributed to the thirteen colonies' discontent with British rule except:

new restrictions on religious freedom

Where did participation in global free trade first begin to have a significant impact on the lives of ordinary people?

northwest Europe and British North America

in the eighteenth- and early-nineteenth century Great Britain, the accumulation and diffusion of technical knowledge:

often developed from the many small innovations developed by small and medium-sized producers.

What was Britain's primary export to China by the 1830s?

opium

During the early nineteenth century, southern Africa experience a crisis caused by:

overpopulation that strained the region's resource base.

Early socialists and communist reformers wanted to:

overthrow the existing political and economic order.

Utopian socialist thinkers believed in creating change by using _______.

planning

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the British East India Company became less focused on the trade and more focused on:

political control of territory that allowed them to profit from tax collection.

In the early nineteenth century, the Qing dynasty's ability to administer its empire was challenged by:

rapid population growth

The goals of reactionaries in Europe during the Restoration period included all of the following except:

reversal of the beginnings of industrialization

The Decembrist revolutionaries:

sought to replace Russian despotism with Western-style political institutions.

By the mid-nineteenth century, global trade had expanded to include which new type of product?

staple goods for everyday use

Tenskwatawa advised his followers to do all of the following except:

stop fighting battles.

When Europeans argued that Africans should engage in "legitimate trade," they meant:

that Africans should sell raw materials instead of slaves, and buy manufactured goods from Europe.

What does the popularity of the Rani of Jhansi as a her in Indian Ballads suggest about life in India after 1857?

that the British defeat of the rebellion didn't eliminate the wish for alternatives to colonial rule

Shaka of the Zulu is an example of what type of African traditional leader?

the "big man"

All of the following were results of the Opium Wars between China and Great Britain except:

the British agreed not to export more opium to China.

Which document resulted from elite Americans' fear that their revolution was becoming radical and threatened to plunge the nation into anarchy?

the Constitution

Wahhabi Islam was a threat to the political power of _______.

the Ottoman Empire

The international's order that began to emerge during the nineteenth century was based on all of the following except:

the emergence of international law.

Early-nineteenth-century technological developments led to all of the following changes in European manufacturing except:

the emergence of mass production as the norm in manufacturing.

Islamic reformers in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were inspired by:

the life of Mohammed and early Islamic practice.

In the name of which group did supporters of revolution in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries claim to be acting?

the people

Mohammed Ibn-Wahhab's Islamic reform movement stressed the oneness of Islam as a reaction against:

the polytheistic beliefs that had taken root among some Muslims.

Which technological innovation greatly contributed to the emergence of the industrial revolution?

the steam engine

the availability of tea as a popular beverage in the Western world relied on all of these global inputs except:

the tea ceremony from Japan.

Which of the following was not a characteristic shared among the Shawnee, Maya, and Indian rebellions against colonial control?

the use of prophecy to encourage resistance

in the early-nineteenth-century industrial societies, migration from rural to urban areas increased because:

there was a growing need for wage labor in the cities.

Elite Iberian Americans in places like Brazil and Mexico were initially reluctant to embrace the idea of independence because:

they feared that it might inspire slave revolts and other forms of social revolution.

Why did King Louis XVI summon the Estates-General into session in 1788?

to levy new taxes and reduce France's debt burden

What new class of professionals emerges at the top of Europe's social and economic order during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries?

trader-financiers

Charles Fourier can best be described as a(n) ________.

utopian socialist

the early-nineteenth-century development that reopened the slavery question in the United States was:

westward expansion

For Marx and Engels, the key conflict in nineteenth-century European society was between:

workers and capitalists.

The Tanzimat reforms included laws guaranteeing that Ottoman subject:

would be treated equally regardless of their religion.

Which of the factors below assisted the Haitian rebels in defeating the French?

yellow fever