ICT2622 Practice Exams
What is the difference between a "client" computer and a "server" computer? (168)
The services that each performs
What is the term that defines the foundation protocol of the Internet and is used to provide reliable delivery of messages between computers. (168)
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
An advanced version of Secure Sockets Layer protocol which is used to transmit information over the Internet securely is called ______. (173)
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Which of the following is NOT a form of system interface? (165)
Turn-around document
____ is used to describe the relationship between two things of the same type, such as one person being married to another person.
Unary asociation
Which of the following really is both an analysis (discovery) and a design process (solution). (165)
User interface design
What is the difference between a browser based system and a desktop application system? (168-169)
User interface is different between a desktop and browser based.
Which of the following is NOT considered an analysis model? (161)
User interface screen layouts
What is the term used to describe a closed network with security and closed access but which is built on top of a public network like the Internet? (177)
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
What do we call a method to partition the services of a physical Web server so it appears as multiple, independent Internet servers? (175
Virtual server
In a fully developed use case description the exception conditions represent what?
What conditions prevent the system from successfully completing the use case.
In a fully developed use case description normally the preconditions describe what?
What objects must exist prior to the use case executes.
The guard-condition on a transition indicates what?
Whether the transition fires.
In a generalization/specialization relationship, it would not make sense for a class at the bottom of the hierarchy to be a(n) ______ class.
abstract
In UML terminology in a sequence diagram, a message refers to a(n) _______.
action
In a transition label in a state machine the syntax is A(B)[C]/D. The D stands for what?
action expression
The diagram model that is useful to document the flow of activities on a fully developed use case description is called a(n) _______ diagram.
activity
Reports that are not predefined by a programmer, but are designed as needed, are called ____ reports. (216)
ad hoc
A key principle of human-computer interaction (HCI), that states that the appearance of any control should suggest its functionality, is called ____. (193)
affordance
When the appearance of a specific control suggests its function, that is called _______. (193)
affordance
A type of relationship where between classes where the objects in one class are a part of the objects in another class BUT they can also exist as separate objects alone.
aggrigation
To show if-then-else condition on a sequence diagram use a(n) ______.
alt frame
In UML the constraint denoted by "0..*" indicates what?
an optional relationship
A UML class that never has any objects within the class is called a(n) _______.
anstract class
The process of design which is the broad design of the overall system structure is called _______. (158)
architectural design / general design / conceptual design
Software that adapts the user interface to the special needs of persons with disabilities, such as the visual or hearing impaired, is called _______. (207)
assistive technology
A class that represents a many-to-many association between two other classes is called a(n) ____ class.
association
A term in UML that describes a naturally occurring relationship between specific things is called a(n) _______.
association
An association that is also treated as a class is called a(n) _______.
association class
On a sequence diagram a short notation that indicates a repeating message is a(n) _______.
asterisk*
A descriptive piece of information about a thing or object is called a(n) _______.
attribute
A piece of information about a particular object is called a(n) _______.
attribute
Two of the most common graphical charting techniques are ____. (217)
bar charts and pie charts
One technique to find the "things" that need to be included in the new system begins by starting with a user and the use cases and then try to identify the necessary informational "things." This technique is called the _______.
brainstorming technique
A technique to identify problem domain objects in which developers and users work together in an open group setting is called the _______ .
brainstroming technique
What is the term used to describe the programs that implement the rules and processing of the software solution? (169)
business logic layer / domain layer
A measure of the number of links between one object and another object in a relationship is called the _______.
cadinality
When words are concatenated together to form a single word and the first letter of each is capitalized it is called _______ notation.
camelback notation
The major advantage of screen output versus printed output is that screen output ____. (215)
can be updated dynamically
The crows feet notation on an ERD is a type of _______ constraint.
cardinality
The number of associations that occur among specific things in an entity relationship diagram is called ____.
cardinality
A type of input control that allows the user to select multiple items within a group of items is called _______. (203)
check box
Inheritance describes a condition between classes where _______ .
classes share some attributes
What term do we use to describe a computer network architecture with central computers and users' computers. (168)
client-server architecture
What is the term used to describe a virtual environment for servers in which the resources include computing, storage, and Internet access and appear to have unlimited availability. (176)
cloud computing
A service which provides a secure physical location for servers but where the computers are usually owned by the client businesses is called _______ . (175)
colocation
A type of text box that contains a set of predefined values but also allows the user to enter new values is called a ______. (203)
combo box
If we modeled a "sale" and the "sale items" with a whole-part relationship, it would best be described as a _______ relationship.
composite
In a state-machine diagram when one state is high-level in that it contains other states of an object, it is called a(n) ______.
composite state
A type of relationship where between classes where the objects in one class are a part of the objects in another class AND they can only exist as part of the totality.
composition
An attribute that contains a collection of related attributes is called a(n) _______.
compound attribute
A UML class that is allowed to have a set of actual objects within it is called a(n) _______.
concrete class
To document ____, draw a composite state with the lower portion divided into multiple compartments for each concurrent path of behavior.
concurrent behavior of a single object
In a state-machine diagram when an object is in multiple states at the same time it is called _______.
concurrent state
A good design heuristic for menu design is to limit the menu choices to _____ choices. (197)
five to ten
In a relationship where there are superclasses and subclasses, the relationship is called a(n) _______ relationship.
generalization/specialization
The process of providing physical servers at a secure location and selling those services is called _______. (174)
hosting
Electronic reports can provide a(n) ____ on the report to activate a lower-level report, which provides more detailed information. (216)
hot spot hyperlink
The study of human interaction with machines in general is called ____. (193)
human-computer interaction
The first step in doing software application design is to _______. (158)
identify the various subsystems and their relationship to each other
Which of the following is NOT considered a design model? (161)
Activity Diagram
A relationship between a "sports team" and the players, coaches, and sponsor would be described as what kind of relationship?
Aggregation
In a fully developed use case description, the flow of activities is most similar to what?
An activity diagram
Which of the following relationships would NOT be an appropriate way to describe a relationship between an employee and his/her manager?
Association relationship
Two methods to show a repeating message are: (Choose two)
Asterisk *; Loop frame
Which is correct? (5, 7)
B
An action-expression occurs when?
Before the object enters the destination state.
Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of user-centered design? (189)
Business requirements drive development.
One way to ensure consistency across the web pages of a web site is to implement the pages using _______. (204)
Cascading style sheets
What is the term used to describe a Web page encoding standard that enables the page look-and-feel to dynamically change? (204)
Cascading style sheets (CSS)
The hosting alternative that is most like a utility is what?
Cloud computing
Which is NOT one of the problematic areas of Web based applications? (172)
Complexity of Internet servers and Web development
Which is a characteristic of a peer-to-peer connection? (178)
Connected computers do not use a server.
One effective way to present large volumes of data is to summarize it and present it ____. (217-218)
in graphical chart or diagram
A concept that allows subclasses to share the characteristics of their superclasses is called ____.
inheritance
The idea that the attributes of a superclass are also attributes of a subclass is called ______.
inheritance
An attribute whose value uniquely identifies an object is called a(n) _______.
key attribute
An attribute for an object which can be used to uniquely identify that object is called a(n) _______.
key identifier
Vertical dashed lines on a system sequence diagram are used to depict a(n) what?
lifeline
A type of text box input control that only contains a set of predefined data values is called a ______. (202)
list box
A computer network in which the cabling and hardware are confined to a single location is called what _____? (168)
local area network (LAN)
On a sequence diagram when multiple messages are included within a repeating loop a(n) _______ is used to document it.
loop frame
A relationship that has a cardinality constraint of one or more is a(n) _______ relationship.
mandatory
As association class is frequently required for what kind of relationship?
many to many
An arrow on a system sequence diagram is used to depict a(n) what?
message
A synonym for cardinality (used with UML class diagrams) is ____.
multiplicity
A synonym for cardinality (used with UML class diagrams) is _______.
multiplicity
In UML notation for object-oriented approach the term _______ is used instead of cardinality.
multiplicity
What kind of model is used to show how the application is deployed across networks and computers? (156)
network diagram
One technique for finding "things" that need to be in the new system is done by the analyst starts making lists of "things." He may do this from information and even without talking to the users extensively. This technique is called the _______.
noun technique
The technique for finding problem domain objects by finding and listing all the nouns in a dialog or description is called the _______.
noun technique
A box in a system sequence diagram refers to a(n) what?
object
The above cardinality constraint on the Order data entity indicates that there can be _____ .
one or many orders
When the layout and the formats is being designed for the screens for desktop systems (non Web systems), there are several critical issues. Which of the following are considered to be important considerations? (choose two) (202)
Consistency across screens; Fonts and colors
What is the term used to define a set of server computers that are used to deliver static content such as videos, but that are not part of the primary application servers? (174)
Content delivery network (CDN)
Which of the following are NOT critical issues in considering a hosting alternative. (choose two) (175)
Cost, Computing equipment
Which of the following is NOT an important consideration in database design? (166)
Dada presentation issues
The domain model is always used as an input to which design activity? (166)
Database design
Each dialog within the system should be organized with a clear sequence-a beginning, middle, and end. This describes which of the eight golden rules for designing interactive interfaces? (195)
Design dialogs to yield closure.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a technique to reduce input errors? (210)
Design input codes with special meanings
Which one of the six core process can be considered as a "bridge" process? (155)
Design system components
The key design question, "Have we specified in detail how the users will interact with the system to carry out all the use cases?" is associated with which design activity? (162)
Design user interfaces
Software (such as typical tax preparation software) which in essence interviews the user is following which user interface metaphor? (192)
Dialog metaphor
Load balancing refers to what? (173)
Distributing service requests across multiple application servers.
Designers should be sure to include cancel buttons on all dialog boxes which allow the user to back up. This is an example of what? (196)
Easy reversal of actions
Which is NOT one of the primary advantages of deploying a system via a Web implementation? (172)
Easy to program with HTML
Which of the following is NOT an input device used to reduce input errors? (210)
Electronic keyboard
Which of the following is NOT a step in the development of a state machine diagram?
Expand the name of each state to identify concurrent activities.
What does XML stand for? (209)
Extensible Markup Language
In a state machine diagram, a state is represented by a(n) ____.
oval
This notation indicates what type of association?
Generalization/Specialization
_____ is based on the idea that people classify things in terms of similarities and differences.
Generalization/Specialization
If the True/False condition on a message evaluates to false in a sequence diagram, which of the following is correct?
The message is not sent.
In a sequence diagram the syntax of a message is given by the following: [A] B := C (D) The letter D represents what?
parameters
What kind of a connection is it when independent computers communicate but without the need for a centralized server? (178)
peer-to-peer connection
A certain set of values or statuses that must exist after a use case completes its processing is called a(n) _______.
postcondition
A certain set of values or statuses that must exist before a use case begins is called a(n) _______.
precondition
The specific area of the user's business need that is within the scope of the new system is called the _______.
problem domain
The primary objective of using automated input devices is to _______. (210)
produce error-free data
The beginning state of an object when its states are diagrammed is called a(n) _______.
psuedostate
A type of input control where the user can select only one item from a group of items. (203)
radio button
(n) _______ is a naturally occurring association among specific things.
relationship
In a sequence diagram the syntax of a message is given by the following: [A] B := C (D) The letter B represents what?
return value
In a sequence diagram the syntax of a message is given by the following: [A] B := C (D) The letter B represents what?
return-value
Another way to think of a actor using a use case is as a(n) _______.
role
A unique set of internal activities within a use case which represents a unique path through the use case is called a(n) _______.
scenario
Use cases may have different "paths" or sequence of steps through the use case. These different paths are called _______ .
scenarios / instances
A drawing which shows individual objects and their links with other objects, and which is used to help understand the problem domain classes is called a(n) _______ .
semantic net
The part of a contract between a business and a hosting company that guarantees a specific level of availability is called the _______. (176)
service level agreement (SLA)
The domain model class diagram is used to _______ .
show the things involved in the user's work that are important
Environment design consists of the following: (157)
specify the network and hardware linking the system together.
A condition during an object's life when it satisfies some criterion is called a(n) _______.
state
A UML diagram that shows the life of an object in states and transitions is called a(n) _______.
state machine diagram
For real-world objects the state of an object is the same as its _______ .
status condition
A technique to create a sequence of sketches of the display screen during a dialog is called _____. (200)
storyboarding
The _______ describe the inputs and outputs that require no or minimal human intervention. (189)
system interface
A diagram that shows the messages between an actor and the system is called a(n) _______.
system sequence diagram
Numbering exception conditions, which often uses hierarchical numbering, in a fully developed use case description is helpful to _______.
tie the exception condition to a processing step
The movement of an object from one state to another is done through the process of a(n) _______.
transition
Which of the following is NOT an element in a transition label?
trigger
An external output that includes a portion that is returned to the system as an input is a(n) ____. (213)
turn-around document
The association shown on the above image is a(n) ________ association.
unary
The degree to which a system is easy to learn and to use is called _______. (190)
usability
A textual model that describes the processing details of a use case is called a(n) ________.
use case description
The ____ are the primary models from which other models draw information.
use case diagram and the problem domain class diagram
The _______ are inputs and outputs that directly involve a system user. (189)
user interface
The ____________________ is everything the end user comes into contact with while using the system-physically, perceptually, and conceptually. (189)
user interface
When designing the ____________________, the first steps are to identify the general form and structure of the user dialog based on the major inputs and outputs. (158)
user interface
What is the term used for design techniques that embody the view that the user interface is the entire system. (189)
user-centered design
Two methods to show a return value are: (Choose two)
value :=; Dashed arrow with value
In a sequence diagram the message-name is usually given in what format?
verb-noun
What is the term used to describe the user interface in a three-layer architecture? (168)
view layer
A key principle of human-computer interaction (HCI) that states that all controls should be noticeable and provide an indication that the control is responding to the user's action, is called ____. (193)
visibility
Since it is not always clear that Web page objects are clickable, or when a control has recognized the click, designers should be careful to apply the principle of ____. (193)
visibility
When a control provides immediate feedback to a user, such as when a button shows it has been clicked, that is called _______. (193)
visibility
The general relationship between classes in which one class is a part or component of another class is called a(n) _______ relationship.
whole-part
In a sequence diagram a horizontal dashed line represents what?
A return message
A message event causes what to happen?
A transition to fire.
In a fully developed use case description the postcondition data describes what conditions?
The existence of domain model objects.
Many Service level agreements now provide _____ availability. (176)
100%
A vehicle object is denoted with the following label.
:Vehicle
Managed services refer to what? (176)
Hosting service with maintenance of the server and system software.
What do we call the predominant language used for constructing web pages? (168)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
What do we call the combination of Hypertext Transfer Protocol and Transport Layer Security? (173)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Security / HTTPS
When analyzing the list of nouns to determine whether to exclude a particular noun as an important "thing," which of the following questions should be asked about the noun? (choose two)
Is it a synonym of an existing thing?; Is it an output from the system?
When analyzing the list of nouns to determine whether to include a particular noun as an important "thing," which of the following questions should be asked about the noun? (choose two)
Is it unique?; Are there multiple instances of it?
Which of the following is NOT true about a UML class.
It has multiplicity
Which is NOT a characteristic of a VPN? (175)
It uses HTTPS for security
"When subsequent processing is delayed by more than a second or two, users may repeatedly press controls or reenter information, resulting in processing errors and user frustration" is an example of what? (195)
Lack of fedback
Which of the following terms describes computer software that implements communication protocols on the network and helps different systems communicate? (163)
Middleware
_______ is used to describe the actual range of linkups allowed in an association (the minimum and maximum values).
Multiplicity constraints/Cardinality constraints
A state machine diagram is used to document the states and transitions of a(n) ________.
Object
Which is not one of the elements that is normally considered in systems design? (157)
Object class methods
Which statement is NOT a correct term for the broad design of the overall system? (158)
Object-oriented design
Operating systems deliberately include an electronic "click" sound for keyboard and mouse activities. This describes which of the eight golden rules for designing interactive interfaces? (195)
Offer informative feedback
When the user interface is being designed for Web based systems, there are several important considerations. Which of the following are included in those particularly important issues? (Choose two) (205)
Performance and load speed; Pictures, Video and Sound
Which if the following is NOT considered part of designing the application architecture and software? (163-164)
Program security design
Users should not be required to keep track of information that they have previously entered. This is an example of what? (196)
Reduce short term memory load
Limiting user access to the system is considered what type of design? (167)
Security and controls design
Which design activity that pervades all other design activities? (167)
Security and controls design
Two types of interaction diagrams are: (Choose two)
Sequence diagrams; Communication diagrams
When making a list of nouns to determine what are the important "things" for the new system, there are three question that should be asked about each noun. Which of the following is one of those questions?
Should it be researched further?
When designing the user interface for handheld devices there are several important issues critical for only those devices. Which of the following are considered to be important issues? (Choose two) (207)
Speed and throughput; Screen size
Which of the following documents information about classes that are part of the problem domain of the user?
State machine diagram
Which of the following are techniques used by developers to evaluate the effectiveness and usability of user interface designs. (Choose two) (190)
Statistically analyze test and use data; Conduct focus groups
Identifying Extensible Markup Language (XML) tags is often used in what design activity? (166)
System interface design
Which of the following is the best model to use to document the inputs and the outputs to a system?
System sequence diagram
The first step in defining a solution in the development of a new software system is to define what? (163)
The computing environment
What is the term used to describe the character sequences such as <name> that serve as the endpoints for a defined group of textual characters? (209)
XML tags
On a systems sequence diagram, ____ indicate(s) a true/false condition.
[ ]
An example of an attribute of an object might be _______.
a social security number
In the traditional approach to system development, the system stores information about ____.
data entities
An approach where the visual display is organized into regions and includes an arrangement of common tool icons is called a ____. (191)
desktop metaphor
When an object moves from one state to another the ending state is called a(n) _______ .
destination state
Low-level design that includes the design of the program modules and algorithm logic is referred to as ____ design. (158)
detail
Low-level design that includes the design of the specific program details is called ______. (158)
detail design
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of object-oriented modeling with several models is that _____.
developing new models allows the analyst to discard unnecessary diagrams.
A metaphor of human-computer interaction (HCI) in which interacting with the computer, is much like carrying on a conversation is called ____. (191)
dialog metaphor
A metaphor of human-computer interaction (HCI) in which the user interacts directly with objects on the display screen, is referred to as ____. (191)
direct manipulation metaphor
A metaphor of human-computer interaction, in which interaction with the computer involves browsing and entering data on electronic documents, is referred to as a ____ metaphor. (191)
document
The ability to link a summary field to the supporting detail, and to dynamically view that detail on a screen, is called ____. (213)
drill down
A user-interface output design technique that allows a user to select a summary field and view the supporting details is called _______. (216)
drill-down
The diagram consisting of data entities and their relationships is called a(n) _______ .
entity-relationship diagram (ERD)
A report that contains only information about nonstandard or out-of-bound conditions is a(n) ____ report. (213)
exception
A report that is used primarily for strategic decision making is called a(n) ____ report. (213)
executive
A report that is printed to be used by persons outside of the organization is called a(n) ____. (213)
external output