IDH Quizzes

Which of the following constitute the most important challenge in addressing the issue c health disparities in the near future?

Availability of a working force with necessary set of competencies to address health disparities research

Some symbols- a positive nod of the head, a pointing finger, a thumbs up sign are universal and can help bridge the Tanguage gap.

False Comments: Each of these symbols has a very different meaning in diferent cultures and may be offensive

CBPR promotes power-sharing processes in order to attend to social inequities.

True

Environmental pollutants that can affect human health could be present in

Air water soil and food

According to the world health organization, WHO, environment is defined

All the physical chemical and biological factors external to a person and all the related behaviors

According to World Health Organization (WHO), environment is defined by

All the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related behaviors

Which of the following statements is true with regards to Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)?

Both diseases share common socioeconomic and psychosocial factors

What is a dataset?

Collection of standardized information about a group of patients who sthare a condition orexperience.

One of the following elements does not structure the individual dimension of diversity

Cultural competence

Why reducing health disparities have been a difficult task in spite of numerous efforts through the years?

Determinants for health disparities have not been studied simultaneously

Differences in health status between advantaged and disadvantaged populations that are considered unfair and avoidable

Disparities

What is the name of the scientific field that examines inheritable traits not caused by changes in the DNA code?

Epigenetics

Datasets are useful for patients because they:

Establish associations between determinants of health and disease status.

Poverty is considered as the principal indicator of health disparities.

FALSE Even when income is taken into account health disparities sill exist among races

Inequalities are based on unfair and avoidable factors that create health gaps and average indicators of the population health

FALSE Inequality is the characteristic of being unequal or uneven

Dissemination and Implementation research is a pseudo-science

False

Epigenetics refers to the modification of genes that affect the DNA sequence itself.

False

In CBPR, it is recommended that community members are included in different phases of the research process except the study design which is elaborated by academic researchers?

False

Information contained in dataset for health disparities research can only be obtain from Medical Records?

False

Research has evidence reveals that poverty is not related to lower educational attainment. This statement is:

False

Scientific knowledge is the central base of the CBPR.

False

Scientists have no role in the public policy process. This statement is:

False

The epigenome is an inflexible structure that never changes.

False

The most comprehensive definition of health is the one offered by the medical model.

False

The purpose of implementation science is "to spread evidence-based interventions to the target audience".

False

The sociocultural definition of health takes into account the individual's perception of health.

False

When a patient who has not adhered to a treatment regimen states he/she cannot afford the medication prescribed, it is appropriate to assume that financial factors are indeed the real reason and not explore the situation further.

False Comments: In addition to exploring payment options with the patient, it is important for the provider to inquire about cultural and psychological factors that may impede adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen.

Out of respect for a patient's privacy, the provider should always begin a relationship by seeing an adult patient alone and drawing the family in as needed.

False Comments: In many of the world's cultures, an individual's health problems are also considered the family's problems, and it is considered threatening to exclude family members from any medical interaction. The provider should ask the patient whether she/he would prefer to be seen alone or with the family. It should be the providers goal to help the patient to express his/her true preferences about this- without offending any family members. The provider might ease any tension around this issue by assuring family members that they will be asked to return to the examining room in a short time.

Cross-cultural misunderstandings between providers and patients can lead to mistrust and frustration, but are unlikely to have an impact on objectively measured clinical outcomes

False Comments: Low levels of cultural competence can impede the process of making an accurate diagnosis, cause the provider to order contraindicated medication, and reduce patient adherence to recommended treatment.

A really conscientious health provider can eliminate his or her own prejudices or negative assumptions about certain kind of patients.

False Comments: Most of us harbor some assumptions about patients, based on race, ethnicity, culture, age, social and language skills educational and economic status, gender, sexual orientation, disabilityfability and a host of other characteristics. These assumptions are often unconscious and so deeply rooted that even when an individual patient behaves conSrary to the assumptions the provider views this as the exception to the rule. A conscientious provider will not allow prejudices to interfere with making an accurate diagnosis and designing an appropriate treatment plan

If a family member speaks English, as well as the patient's native language, and is willing to act as interpreter, this is the best possible solution of the problem of interpreting.

False Comments: This is an inappropriate responsiblity for families to take on and may actualy place the provider in violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the August 30, 2000 Office for Cvil Rights (OCR) Policy Guidance. The rationale for using professional interpreters is clear. Professional interpreters have been trained to provide accurate, sensitive, two-way communication and uncover areas of uncertainty or discomfort. Family members are often too emotionally involved to tell the patients story fully and objectively, or lack the technical knowledge to convey the provider's message accurately.

Which of the following statements regarding epigenetics is FALSE?

Genetic factors cause the organism's genes to behave (or express themselves) differently

One of the following is not a component of the internal dimension of diversity

Income

These are important socioeconomic factors contributing to both Cancer and CVD:

Increased caloric intake and physical inactivity

Eliminating disparities in the health status of the population has become an international priority because populations with health disparities have

Increased incidence of disease

The major sources of air pollutants comes from

Industries and vehicles

Routes by which pollutants could be transferred to humans includes the following:

Inhalation, ingestion and absorption

What compounds attach to genes to direct their expression as certain types of cells?

Methyl groups

Accordingly to the Institutes of Medicine the following elements are not associated with health disparities, except

Physicians bias

This model still stands as the most effective illustration of health determinants and continues to inform the work of those concerned with understanding and reducing the health inequality gap. It explains how the health inequities are a result of different levels of interaction considering from the individual to the community and socio-economical level.

The Social model of Health

Bigby defines cultural competence as:

The ability of health professionals and institutions to deliver effective services to diverse patients populations

Environmental health is defined by

The study of factors are pollutants in the environment outdoor or indoor that affect human health

Which of the following will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of health disparities?

Transdiciplinary and multilevel research approaches

According to the medical model's definition of health, an individual is healthy if he/she is free of symptoms and/or physical signs.

True

An example of a definition of health as a multidimensional concept is The World Health Organization's definition of health.

True

Government inaction related to a certain topic can be a statement of public policy. This statement is:

True

Provides equal opportunity to community members and academic researchers to participate in each stage of the research process is fundamental in CBPR.

True

Researchers can initiate they own research-driven datasets on specific groups of patients.

True

The following is a topic related to dissemination science: "the use of clinical guidelines in decision making and practice".

True

The following is a topic related to implementation science: "studies on the factors contributing to sustainability of interventions in clinical practice"

True

The intervention programs to address health disparity issues are best accepted by the community when had been created under CBPR.

True

The lag from research discovery to the application of this knowledge takes approximately 17 years

True

The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities. This statement is

True

Writing newspapers columns about a specific social issue is a way to influence public policy. This statement is:

True

Providers whose patients are cultures mostly European-American, U.S. born and middle class still need to know about health practices from different world

True Comments: A growing number of people from majority US cultures are turning to traditional medicines as part of their health care strategies. Providers should be aware of any such practices that may affect their patientt's health

When the patient and provider come from different cultural backgrounds, the medical history obtained may not be accurate,

True Comments: Because of language and cultural barriers, the patient may not understand the questions or may be reluctant to report symptoms; in turn the provider may misunderstand the patient's description of symptoms

Modesty is very important in the Islamic tradition.

True Comments: Modesty is a very important aspect of a Muslim's life. Handshakes between unrelated men and women are inappropriate according to islamic norms. in addition, eye contact will often be avoided, especially in mixed-gender situations

4Accordingly to the NIH, the following situations are affected when considering health disparities, except:

What are the people clinical preferences

Should patients know their information will be included in a dataset?

Yes

Minority and immigrant patients in the US who go to traditional healers and use traditional medicines generally avoid conventional Western treatments.

alse Comments: in the US, some individuals from minority and immigrant groups use traditional treatments before turning to conventional Western medicine, or use both concurrently