IKE's 2
B
Which hormone controls the milk letdown reflex and may play a role in formation of social bonds? A) luteinizing hormone B) oxytocin C) estrogen D) prolactin
B
Which hypothesis of stress holds that early, mild stressful experiences early in life may reduce susceptibility to stress in adulthood? A) habituation B) immunization C) tolerance D) sensitization
A
Which molecule is not involved in masculinization of the external genitals in humans? A) AMH B) testosterone C) DHT D) 5-alpha-reductase
B
Which neurotransmitter promotes swelling and inflammation and stimulates nerve endings that mediate pain sensations? A) substance P B) histamine C) acetylcholine D) glutamate
B
Which of the following is a likely result for men backing the losing team in a baseball game? A) Increases in cortisol levels B) Decreases in the circulating level of testosterone C) Decreases in serotonin levels D) Increases in the circulating levels of testosterone.
A
Which of the following is implicated in the control of aggression? A) Serotonin B) Dopamine C) Substance P D) Acetylcholine
C
Which of the following would you expect to see in someone who experienced an acute stressor? A) Decrease in cortisol B) Elevations in testoterone C) Elevations in epineprine D) Decreases in norepinephrine
A
Which receptor type is responsible for the formation of pair bonds in male meadow voles? A) None of these B) Oxytocin receptor C) All of these D) Vasopressin receptor
D
Which receptors transduce the painful sensations induced by capsaicin? A) substance P B) TRP2 C) habanero D) TRPV1
B
Which region is highlighted by Klüver-Bucy syndrome? A) Cingulate cortex B) Amygdala C) Sensorimotor cortex D) Anterior thalamus
D
Which statement about CAH females is false? A) They are likely to be described as "tomboys" by their parents. B) They have a fully developed müllerian duct system. C) They may have a partially masculinized phallus D) None of these; all are true
B
Which statement correctly describes osmotic pressure? A) The spontaneous spread of solute molecules through a solvent B) The tendency of a solvent to move across a membrane in order to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane C) The force of solute against a cell membrane D) The tendency of a solvent to sink due to higher density
B
Which system is responsible for promoting REM sleep? A) Hypothalamic system B) Pontine system C) Brainstem system D) Forebrain system
B
Which type of aggression, most often involving competition over mating opportunities, is observed in most vertebrates? A) Maternal B) Intermale C) Decorticate D) Psychopathic
C
Who is most likely to develop a cold when exposed to a virus? A) A middle-aged woman on a summer vacation in Hawaii. B) A ski bum living in a trailer at the base of Mt. Snowbird. C) A student staying up late to cram for an exam. D) An individual with a happy social life.
D
Why is the appearance of the sexually dimorphic nucleus in the spinal cord of the adult rat different in males and females? A) the cells have proliferated more rapidly in the males B) the cells of the nucleus stain more readily in the males. C) the female did not have these cells at birth D) early exposure to androgens can affect survival of neurons into adulthood
A
Why is thermoregulation is considered a negative feedback system? A) Restoring the desired temperature turns off the response. B) It requires a great deal of energy C) Larger temperature changes trigger smaller responses D) Hot and cold temperatures are the opposite of each other
B
How could the effects of experience lead to long-lasting alterations of expression of steroid receptors in the hippocampus? A) Hormonal regulation B) Epigenetic regulation C) Lamarckian inheritance D) Genetic regulation
B
If the polygraph does not detect lies, what does it actually detect? A) criminals B) arousal C) guilt D) psychopathy
C
Male mice with knockouts of the which gene display "social amnesia," failing to recognize previously encountered females. A) FSH B) vasopressin C) oxytocin D) testosterone
C
An experiment is set up in which a new rat mom and a virgin female are each placed in one end of a cage, with newborn pups spread out in the other end. If you were to measure the amount of time it took each female to retrieve all the pups and place them together in a nest, which outcome would you expect? A) The virgin female would retrieve the pups much faster than the new mom. B) Both the new mom and the virgin female would retrieve the pups in about the same amount of time. C) The new mom would retrieve the pups much faster than the virgin female D) Neither the new mom nor the virgin female would retrieve pups
B
Papez's circuit provides a model of the relationships of different regions in the limbic system involved in which of the following? A) facial expressions of emotion B) emotional expression C) the neural control of violence and psychopathy D) autonomic response specificity to different emotions
B
What does the vomeronasal system appear to specialized in detecting? A) odors B) pheromones C) pungent smells D) phonemes
A
What is a general feature of homeostatic mechanisms? A) redundancy B) invariability C) universality D) simplicity
A
What is an effect of sleep that immediately follows a period of learning? A) improving long-term retention B) blocking long-term retention C) impairing retrieval of the learned material D) undoing the learning
D
What is an example of the endogenous opioids that act in the PAG to relieve pain? A) Naloxone B) Morphine C) Heroin D) Endorphins
A
What is the initial phase of Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome? A) Alarm reaction B) Resistance stage C) Exhaustion phase D) Alert reaction
D
What is the the stereotyped copulatory posture of the female animals of many species called? A) ovulation B) estrus C) mounting D) lordosis
A
What region in the brain of the female rat is especially important for lordosis behavior? A) ventromedial hypothalamus B) medial amygdala C) medial preoptic area D) Onuf's nucleus
D
What region in the brain of the male rat is especially important for reproductive behavior? A) Onuf's nucleus B) anterior hypothalamus C) ventromedial hypothalamus D) medial preoptic area
C
What type of aggression most often occurs among individuals caring for their young? A) Defensive B) Psychopathic C) Maternal D) Intermale
B
What type of thirst is triggered in response to the increase in salt concentration of the extracellular fluids? A) osmoreceptive B) osmotic C) hypovolemic D) hypotonic
C
When are enhanced serum levels of growth hormone evident? A) daytime periods of wakefulness B) an entire night's sleep C) stage 3 sleep (SWS) D) sleep following periods of stress
A
During mammalian sexual differentiation, the male internal reproductive tract develops from the which of the following? A) wolffian ducts B) genital tubercle C) müllerian ducts D) urogenital sinus
B
Prolonged sleep deprivation (around 8 days) can lead to all of the following except? A) difficulty concentrating B) a strengthened immune system C) increases in irritability D) hallucinations and disorientation
D
Research using fMRI suggests that feelings of romantic love, as opposed to friendship, are associated with reduced activity of which of the following brain regions? A) medial insula and anterior cingulate B) pons and cerebellum C) olfactory bulb and prepyriform cortex D) posterior cingulate and amygdala
