Immunity

Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cellular immunity?

T lymphocytes

The nurse practitioner who is monitoring the patient's progression of HIV is aware that the most debilitating gastrointestinal condition found in up to 90% of all AIDS patients is:

chronic diarrhea

A nurse is conducting an in-service program for a group of nurses on the health of women and their families, incorporating information from Healthy People 2030. The nurse determines that additional discussion and clarification is needed when the group makes which statement?

"Immunizations may be the cause of some illnesses being seen currently."

A pregnant woman reports she is interested in breastfeeding to promote improved health for her child. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?

"Passive immunity can be transmitted to your child providing him with some temporary immunity against illness."

Which client has an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) that is critically low and the standard of care would recommend placement on neutropenic precautions?

37-year-old client with leukemia being treated with chemotherapy with ANC of 400 (0.40 x 109/L).

A nurse informs her supervisor that she thinks she has developed an allergy to the latex gloves. A latex-specific serum IgE immunoassay has been performed with negative results. What definitive diagnostic test should be performed at this time?

A contact test

The nurse is caring for an older client admitted to the health-care facility with a new onset of confusion and a low-grade fever. Which age-related changes might contribute to decreased functioning of the immune system?

Decreased kidney function

Dry, itchy plaques on the elbows and knees have prompted a 23-year-old client to seek care. The health care provider has diagnosed the client with psoriasis, based on which histologic characterization?

Increased epidermal cell turnover with marked epidermal thickening

What types of cells are the primary targets of the healthy immune system? Select all that apply.

Infectious cells, foreign cells, and cancerous cells

A 36-year-old client who is positive for HIV antibodies notices purplish spots on his upper body. Which term is used to identify these areas?

Kaposi sarcoma

Which term describes the time interval after primary infection when a microorganism lives within the host without producing clinical evidence?

Latency

A client is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After recovering from the initial shock of the diagnosis, the client expresses a desire to learn as much as possible about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When teaching the client about the immune system, the nurse states that humoral immunity is provided by which type of white blood cell?

Lymphocytes

The clinic nurse is caring for a client with an allergic disorder who has received the first sensitizing dose of a new drug. Now, the client is given a second dose. What nursing action is most important at this stage of transition?

Monitor client for reactions

A nurse knows that more than 50% of clients with CVID develop the following disorder.

Pernicious anemia

A patient is advised to take a decongestant drug to relieve nasal congestion associated with hay fever. The patient is not comfortable with a nasal spray or drops and prefers an oral tablet. Which oral decongestant drugs can be administered to the patient?

Pseudoephedrine

A client in a late stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) shows signs of AIDS-related dementia. Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority?

Risk for injury

Explanation: the baby does not receive immunity to rubella, cytomegalovirus, varicella, or measles. If women encounter these pathogens during her pregnancy, fetal infection may ensue.

Rubella

A newborn has been lethargic and is not nursing well. Testing of cord blood done at birth reveals the presence of IgM. How should the nurse interpret this finding?

The presence of IgM suggests the newborn has an infection

There are major differences between primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. Select the most accurate statement the nurse would use to explain the cause of a secondary immunodeficiency.

Your immune system was most likely affected by an underlying disease process

When an attenuated toxin is administered to a client, the B lymphocytes create memory cells that recognize the antigen if it invades the body at a future time. What kind of immunity is this?

artificially acquired active immunity

A middle-aged female client complains of anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, the inability to concentrate, and eyes feeling "gritty." Thyroid function tests reveal the following: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 0.02 U/ml, thyroxine 20 g/dl, and triiodothyronine 253 ng/dl. A 6-hour radioactive iodine uptake test showed a diffuse uptake of 85%. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse should suspect:

Graves' Disease

A client was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse realizes that the client needs further teaching about the disease process based on which statement?

HIV only infects B cells

A home care nurse is caring for a client who has received a liver transplant. The nurse is reinforcing earlier teaching about the client's immunosuppressant therapy and the need for appropriate self-care. Which client statement suggests that the client understands?

I will always be at risk for serious infection

A female dental assistant has developed signs and symptoms of a latex sensitivity, and is undergoing allergy testing as well as blood work. Which component of the assistant's blood work would most likely be the focus of her health care provider's analysis?

Serum IgE immunoassays