Immunohematology chapter 2-7

No

Can you accurately interpret a patient's group AB, D-positive result in ABO and D typing tests using monoclonal antibody reagents without additional testing?

Group O donors are selected because the group O phenotype lacks A and B antigens, and so these red cells do not react with ABO antibodies present in patient or donor serum or plasma.

Commercial antibody screening and panel cells always use group O. What is the reason for this choice?

A

How is the Rh genotype cDe/CDe written in Wiener notation? a. R0R1 b. RyR2 c. RzR2 d. R2R1

B

If the patient has a positive DAT, can you perform a weak D test on the red cells? a. Yes, there will be no interference with the test. b. No, the cells are coated with antibody.

Extravascular hemolysis

In transfusion medicine, what is the name of the process whereby antibodies attached to red cell antigens signal clearance in the liver and spleen?

c

Rhnull red cells have membrane abnormalities that shorten their survival. What is the clinical sign of shortened survival? a. Increased production of stem cells b. Severe liver disease c. Hemolytic anemia of variable severity d. Increased blood pressure

Improper centrifugation

Select a source of a potential false-positive result in antiglobulin testing.

The A2 allele produces the same glycosyltransferase as the A1 allele.

Select the statement that is true regarding group A2 red cells.

Allogeneic

Select the term that describes cells or tissue from a genetically different individual within the same species.

Antiglobulin test

Select the test method that may use a rabbit polyclonal anti-IgG

d

Select the true statement regarding Rh antibodies. a. Are not red cell stimulated b. Cannot cross the placenta c. React best at room temperature d. Usually are IgG

Either B or AB

Situation: A group B recipient requires two units of frozen plasma. Which of the following ABO phenotypes is/are appropriate to select for transfusion?

Potency

The FDA has established minimum standards relating to product quality for use in blood banks and transfusion services before assignment of license to a commercial reagent. What term relates to the strength of the product?

b

The following results were obtained on a donor's blood sample: Anti-A + RBCs 0 Anti-B + RBCs 4+ Anti-D + RBCs 0 Weak D test 0 (Check cells 2+) How will the unit be labeled? .a.Group B, D-positive b. Group B, D-negative c. Group O, D-negative d. Group A, D-positive

phenotype

The patient's red cell _____________ is determined by hemagglutination of red cell antigens using specific antisera.

IgG

What antibodies are best detected at 37° C and can cause immune-mediated destruction of transfused red cells possessing the corresponding antigen?

. Fyb and M

What antigens are destroyed when treated with ficin?

Haplotype

What do the linked HLA genes on each chromosome constitute?

Antigram

What document provides the antigen phenotypes for each donor used in the manufacture of commercially supplied screening and panel cells?

9 units out of 100 A compatible blood unit lacks the antigens. Therefore, multiply the antigen-negative frequencies: D = 0.15, E = 0.70, K = 0.90 0.15 × 0.70 × 0.90 = 0.09 or 9 units out of 100

What is the approximate probability of finding a compatible unit of blood for a D-negative patient with antibodies to E and K, if the frequency of D is 85%, E is 30%, and K is 10%?

Autoantibodies

What is the classification of red cell antibodies produced in response to transfusion and pregnancies?

Fucose

What is the immunodominant sugar for the H antigen?

c

What is the mode of Rh antigen inheritance? a. One single locus and one gene inherited b. Three loci and three genes inherited c. Two loci and two genes inherited d. Conjugated regulated gene

False negatives

What is the potential effect in a tube agglutination result if a red cell suspension with a concentration less than 5% is used?

d

What is the purpose of the Rh control in routine Rh typing? a. Confirms that anti-D is specific for D antigen b Ensures that anti-D is active c. Confirms that patient's serum does not contain anti-D d. Detects polyagglutination or spontaneous agglutination

Ulex europaeus

What lectin possesses the specificity for the H antigen?

Heavy chain

What part of the immunoglobulin molecule distinguishes the isotype?

LISS

What potentiator works by increasing the rate of antibody uptake?

Quality control

What term describes technical procedures to determine whether the analytic testing phase is working properly?

Linkage disequilibrium

What term is defined as the phenomenon of antigens occurring at a different frequency in the population, depending on whether they were inherited by linked or unlinked genes?

Recessive

What type of genetic inheritance trait is expressed by the group O phenotype?

Secondary

What type of immune response occurs within 1 to 3 days of exposure and contains a significant production of memory B cells?

weaker

When Ce is inherited in trans to D gene, what happens to the D antigen expression on the red cell?

AA or AO

When an individual phenotypes as group A, which of the following genotypes may apply?

Ael

Which A subgroup can be detected serologically only after adsorption and elution studies?

Leb, Rga, Cha

Which of the following antigens are derived from plasma rather than constituting an integral part of the red cell membrane?

S, s, U

Which of the following antigens is located on glycophorin B?

Leb

Which of the following antigens is poorly expressed on cord cells?

Antibody bound to antigen

Which of the following is responsible for the activation of the classic pathway of complement?

Siblings

Which of the following is the best source of HLA-compatible platelets?

Fy(a−b+)

Which of the following phenotypes is homozygous?

M+N− M+N− is a homozygote and contains more M antigen than an M+N+ heterozygote.

Which of the following red cell phenotypes would react most strongly with anti-M?

Group A plasma to a group AB recipient

Which of the following situations is most likely to cause an ABO incompatibility if blood is transfused?

Anti-N, -P1, -Leb

Which set of antibodies generally reacts at room temperature or below?

Cannot determine

You have added IgG-sensitized red cells to the negative indirect antiglobulin test result in the antibody screen procedure. You observe no agglutination in the tube. What is the interpretation for this antibody screen?

None

. According to Landsteiner's rule (law), what ABO antibody will be detected in a group AB individual's serum?

Le(a+b−)

A non-secretor will most likely have which of the following phenotypes?

HH, Sese

A patient is expressing soluble forms of H antigens in his secretions. Predict this person's genotype.

1+

After adding antigen and antibody to a test tube, small agglutinates with many unagglutinated cells were observed. How should this reaction be graded?

autologous.

An antigen that originates from the individual is termed: