Imperialism
What year did rioting break out between Hindus and Muslims?
1946- and people were afraid of a civil war
What year was the Independence Act passed?
1947
When was Pakistan formed?
1947 after India gained independence
What is an example of money economy?
Africans sold their labor; had to leave homes for jobs and cash crops were more important than food in some places (like cotton)
Who was the Belgian Congo imperialized by?
Belgium
What is modern day evidence of imperialism in China?
Boxer revolution by the Chinese people against the Chinese government and foreign governments, and the country is bilingual
Who was Egypt imperialized by?
Britain
Who imperialized South Africa?
Dutch and British
What were negatives of imperialism in Egypt?
Egypt lost culture and heritage
What is an example of indirect rule?
England
Who was China imperialized by?
England
What does "The Sun Never Set on the British Empire" mean?
England had so many territories and colonies all over the world that it was always day time somewhere where Britain had occupancy
What was Africa like in 1913?
Europe controlled almost all of Africa (Only 33 years later)
What was Africa like in 1880?
Europeans controlled 10% of the African continent
What were the problems of the Conference of Berlin?
Europeans had new technology and a sense of entitlement, Act of Berlin legalized the scramble of Africa, no one included the Africans
What is a colony?
Europeans seize a territory and rule it directly by sending governors to the colony
How did medical advancements allow Europeans to move inland in Africa?
Europeans were able to fight malaria and yellow fever
Who imperialized Vietnam?
France
What is an example of direct rule?
France, Portugal, Germany, Belgium
Who imperialized Rwanda?
Germany and Belgium
What was the Sepoy Mutiny?
Hindu and Muslim sepoys were outraged and rebelled against the British and the mutiny lasted over a year; the British government had to send troops to help the East India Company
What two religious groups had tension in India?
Hindus and Muslims which also weakened India
What religious group dominated India and who was the prime minister?
Hindus dominated and Jawaharal Nehru was the prime minister
Who are sepoys?
Indian soldiers that helped protect Britains trade and territories in India
What were the two countries that were free in Africa?
Liberia and Ethiopia
What religious group dominated Pakistan and who was the governor general?
Muslims dominated and Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the governor general
How is imperialism shown in Rwanda today?
Rwandan Genocide
Who was Japan imperialized by?
US
What are modern evidence of imperialism in Hawaii?
US naval base and boosted economy through tourism
Who was Hawaii imperialized by?
United States
What colonies did France take control of in the 1840s?
Vietname, Laos, Cambodia
What is the British East India Company?
a company created to trade exotic Asian goods in Europe and American also they made huge profits creating plantations to harvest tea, coffee, cotton, and opium
How was China imperialized?
a treaty was signed that gave Britain trade control
What were positive effects of imperialism in South Africa?
advances in agriculture, education, mining
What is the Conference of Berlin?
all European nations wanted pieced of Africa so they decided to meet in Berlin and made an agreement to end slavery and allow for free trade in Africa
What did the treaty of kanagawa do in Japan?
allowed US army to have ports out of Japan to replenish resourced but did not ensure trade
Why was the suez canal important to the Europeans?
allowed them to move inland and allowed easier travel
What were positive effects of imperialism in the Philippines?
americans instituted schools and provided protection from other countries
Why did Europe think of Africa as the Dark Continent?
because it is wild, exotic, and in need of help
What happened to the Mughal Empire in India?
by 1700 India's Mughal Empire was in decline and small states ruled by maharjan were formed
How did missionary spirit lead to imperialism?
christian missionaries wanted to convert the "uncivilized" natives int he world by creating churches, schools, and hospitals, ethnocentrism, "social Darwinism", "white mans burden" led them to think they had to civilize the world
What are the four C's?
christianity, commerce, civilization, curiosity
How is imperialism shown in Vietnam today?
coffee was brought from France and is now popular in Vietnam and bread was also brought over
What is an example of new economic patterns?
colonies were forced to be profitable no matter what
What is the most restrictive type of imperialism?
colony
What are the forms of imperialism?
colony, protectorate, sphere of influence
What were the Opium Wars?
conflicts between China and Britain (and others) that resulted in China becoming dominated by foreigners
What were negative effects of imperialism in Japan?
cultural diffusion like in food and influences in government
How did economic competition cause imperialism?
demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies
What were negative of Belgian Congo being imperialized?
destruction of culture and segregation
What were the political effects of Imperialism in Africa?
direct rule, indirect rule, new economic patterns, more trade routes, money economy, and new systems of transportation and communication
What were positive effects of Imperialism in Vietnam?
education
How is imperialism shown in South Africa today?
education like Britain, economic exploitation still present, language has decreased, spices have changed
What was the "Great African Cake"?
everyone at the conference of berlin got a piece of Africa or "cake"
What was Pakistan used for?
formed in order to give in Muslim Minority their own land/state
What were negative effects of Imperialism in Vietnam?
french governed them, split into three sections which made it lack culture, and working conditions were poor
What were positives of imperialism in Hawaii?
gained resources, opportunity to be apart of a democracy
What were positives of Belgian Congo being imperialized?
gaining of independence from Belgium, palm oil and cotton, and education
Who is Rudyard Kipling?
he wrote "The White Man's Burden: The United States and the Philippine Islands"
How did the Industrial Revolution encourage imperialism?
huge demand for new overseas markets to sell their finished goods, having numerous colonies in Africa and Asia helped fuel the Industrial Revolution
What were the negative effects of the Sepoy Mutiny?
hurt the Indian economy, further divided social classes, increased hostility between Muslims and Hindus, the British emphasis on cash crop plantations led to food shortages and famine in India (7 million Indians died due to starvation in 1876)
What did cotton help fuel in Britain?
industrial revolution
What were the positive effects of imperialism in China?
industrialization
How did the maxim gun allow Europeans to move inland in Africa?
it was a machine gun that enabled them to fight and win because they did not have to reload the gun after every shot
How is imperialism shown in the Philippines today?
language and country wide school system
What is indirect rule?
left traditional rulers in place but colonial officials made overall decisions
What is protectorate?
local government exists, but Europeans make all real decisions in order to protect their trade
What were immediate consequences of the formation of Pakistan?
massive migration of Hindus and Muslims into areas where they would be the majority
What advancements lead to Europeans moving inland in Africa?
medical advancements, maxim gun, suez canal
What were the causes of imperialism?
nationalism, economic competition, and missionary spirit
What is a sphere of influence?
nations gain exclusive trading rights in territory, dominate all trade, but allow the local government to make other decisions
Who were the Mughals?
nomadic Muslim warriors from central Asia who invaded India and created a vast empire
What is imperialism?
one nation takes control over another nation politically, economically, and/or culturally
What were the negative effects of imperialism in China?
opium wars which benefited Britain
Why was opium important?
opium was refined in India and smuggled into China; opium addiction helped the British gain access to CHinese trade
What was the Independence Act?
partition plan: ended British rule in India and split the Indian subcontinent into 2 nations under the direction of Lord Mountbatten, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and Jawaharal Nehru
How was Vietnam imperialized?
peace treaty
What is modern evidence of imperialism in Belgian Congo?
people living in poverty because Belgium took the money and they speak French
What were negative effects of imperialism in the Philippines?
philippine-american war
What was the Scramble for Africa?
process of invasion, occupation, and domination of African territory by European powers from 1880-1914
What were negative effects of imperialism in South Africa?
racial discrimination and economy exploitation
Why did Europeans not explore inland in Africa?
rainforests, rapids, waterfalls, and sickness
What is modern examples of imperialism in Egypt?
religion and language
What are negative effects of imperialism in Rwanda?
rights were taken away, political power was taken away, tension between cultural groups, did not have many resources
What is an example of new systems of transportation and communication?
roads, railroads, and telegraphs
What resources did Africa have to offer?
slaves, gold, salt, ivory, cotton, palm oil, gum, etc
Who imperialized Philippines?
spain
What is the least restrictive type of imperialism?
sphere of influence
What did the India-Pakistan split lead to?
strong distrust between the two groups which broke out into violence, 500000 people will die, and millions will migrate
What is social darwinism?
survival of the fittest
What is colonialism?
take control over foreign dependencies
Why was Pakistan formed?
tension between the Muslim League and (mostly Hindu) Indian National Congress, British encouraged the conflict when they still had power since they thought it weakened the calls for independence, there were religious differenced and fear that tights would not be respected, some Hindus still saw Muslims as foreign conquerors
What were positives of imperialism in Egypt?
textile industry and cotton
What did Europe think of Africa as?
the "Dark Continent"
How did India gain independence?
the All-India Congress Committee and Ghandi demanded an end to British rule
What was Ghandi's Salt March?
the British put a really high tax on salt which made it too expensive and salt was important in the Indian culture, so Ghandi led a march to the coast to symbolically create salt from ocean water
What were positive effects of the Sepoy Mutiny?
the British took control and Queen Victoria was the Empress of India, they built railroads, telegraphs, telephone lines, roads, canals, dams, bridges, schools, hospitals, irrigation projects, and medical improvements
What is direct rule?
the colonial power controlled the government at every level
What is the White Man's Burden?
the task that white colonizers believed they had to impose their civilization on the black inhabitants of their colonies
How did Britain protect their trade and territories?
they hired Indian soldiers
Why did Belgium imperialized Belgian Congo?
to carry out the White Man's Burden and spread christianity
How did nationalism cause imperialism?
to gain powers European nations compete for colonies and trade
What are positive effects of imperialism in Rwanda?
trade routes
How as the Philippines imperialized?
treaty of Paris lead to the US gaining control
How was Hawaii imperialized?
treaty of annexation
How was Japan imperialized?
treaty of kanagawa
What is the suez canal?
waterway that connects the Mediterranean and Red Sea built in 1869 in Egypt
What were positive effects of imperialism in Japan?
westernization and industrialization
What were negatives of imperialism in Hawaii?
wiped away culture and no more monarchy
What is modern evidence of imperialism in Japan?
womens rights, food, government, industrialization
What influenced many countries to demand independence?
world war 1
How do you make salt?
you boil salt water until all the water evaporates and you are left with salt