Inductive, deduction, Sound, + Valid Arguments

1-Inductive Argument

ɪɴᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴀʀɢᴜᴍᴇɴᴛ: Arguments in inductive reasoning are either strong or weak. Weak arguments are always uncogent. Strong arguments are cogent only if the premises they are based upon are true. Conclusions may be incorrect even if the argument is strong and the premises are true. Inductive arguments are neither valid nor sound, but they can be strong or weak

1-Deductive Argument

ᴅᴇᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴀʀɢᴜᴍᴇɴᴛ: Arguments in deductive logic are either valid or invalid. Invalid arguments are always unsound. Valid arguments are sound only if the premises they are based upon are true. Conclusions can be proven to be valid if the premises are known to be true. Both valid + sound arguments are deductive arguments

Valid Argument

ᴠᴀʟɪᴅ ᴀʀɢᴜᴍᴇɴᴛ: 𝗔𝗻 𝗮𝗿𝗴𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝘃𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗱 𝗶𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗶𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗶𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗶𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗲 𝗩𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗱𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗱𝗼 𝘄/ 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗿𝗴𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁, 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗿𝘂𝘁𝗵 ex: All ppl like to eat chocolate Daniel is a person Therefore, Daniel likes to eat chocolate

Sound Argument

ꜱᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴀʀɢᴜᴍᴇɴᴛ: An argument is sound if the following two conclusions are met: 1) The conclusion necessarily follows from the premises (it is a valid argument) 2) The premises are true In such a case, both the premises + conclusion are true All sound arguments are also valid ex: All men are mortal Plato is a man Therefore, Plato is a mortal

2-Deductive Arguments are..

𝗔𝗿𝗴𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗱𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰 are either 𝙫𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙙 𝙤𝙧 𝙞𝙣𝙫𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙙. Invalid arguments are always 𝙪𝙣𝙨𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙 Valid arguments are sound only if the premises they are based upon are 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆.

Difference between inductive and deductive argument

𝗗𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻always constructs (makes) correct statements given a correct starting point; 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 also allows you to make assumptions (which may not be correct) on top of what you believe to be correct.

2-Inductive Arguments are..

𝘼𝙧𝙜𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙨𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙣𝙜 are either 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒓 𝒘𝒆𝒂𝒌. 𝑾𝒆𝒂𝒌 𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 are always 𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 (when one or more Premise is false). Strong arguments are 𝒄𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 only if the premises they are based upon are true.