Industrial Revolution

what was karl marx's quote for socialism?

"haves" vs. "have nots"

darwinism

"survival of the fittest" theory to explain evolution in nature to social relationships

what was the competition between countries for?

$ and natural resources

What did they do with the raw materials?

They sent it to the factory owners so that they could be turned into goods and could be sold.

What did factory owners do to make a lot of money?

To make as much money as possible, factory owners looked for ways to cut production costs and increase profits.

where did textile manufactoring spread to?

US new england

What was capitalism?

When people control the economy and what is bought and sold (from you)

what did the industrial revolution lead to?

advances in society and technology

what is the legacy of the industrial revolution

advances in society and technology

where did the focus go toward?

african colonies and the US

what was the beginning of the industrial revolution based off of?

agricultural changes

free enterprise

an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices

what policy were people over worked in?

capitalism

when karl marx wrote his book who was it against?

capitalism

what was the main natural resource?

coal "source of fuel"

what did most middle class people do for work before factories?

cobblers, blacksmiths,bakers,farmers

what is entrepreneurship?

desire to produce a good or service

who worked in the upper middle class?

doctors lawyers factorymanagers

What is socialism?

economic system in which the people control production and distribution through the government and then the people share the profits. everything and everyone was equal.

What is communism?

economic system that is the end result of socialist changes.

romanticism art

emotion over order; emotional; deeply felt; nature in raw, wild state; awe inspiring, awe

what are the 4 factors of production?

entrepreneurship, natural resources, labor, capital

what jobs took up the upperclass?

factory owners, merchants, bankers

where did the workers of factories come from?

family based cottages

what did adam smoith believe in?

free markets, no invisible wage, no laws

working conditions

horrible, unsafe

what were the problems that went with the industrial revolution?

housing schools police trash and illness

international trade connections

improved transportation and communication stimulated global markets as industrialists sought raw materials for factories and markets for finished goods

how does the industrial revolution contribute to imperialism

it influenced imperialism because the western powers had already been industrialized therefore giving them better technology and giving them the ability to easily overpower less advanced eastern nations. also mother country wanted more natural resources, and the untouched countries had plenty resources. & the new countries provided a place to sell products to.

waht are natural resources?

items from nature that are used to produce the goods and services

why was england the start of the ir?

its natural resources, ease of transportation, raw materials

john mill

led the utilitarianism

where do you get capital from?

loans in the bank

what is capital?

mney needed to buy or pay for natural resources and labor before one makes a profit

what was an effect of the cotton gin?

more slaves in the southern us

did factory workers work in brightly lit factories?

no

what is capitalism?

no government can intervein in society or economics

what is imperialism?

policy where a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically economically and socially

when did europe begin to industrialize?

post napoleon

neoclassicism art

reason and order; rigid, severe, unemotional

what did people use for transportation?

rivers and harbors to move goods

what countries took after socialism?

russia cuba china vietnam

how did the workers get the owners to listen to their complaints?

strike

what jobs took up the lower middle class?

supervisors, skilled workers

who provided raw materials?

the colonies

what did karl marx write? and who with?

the communist manifesto W/ FREDRICK ENGELS

what did Adam Smith write?

the wealth of nations

which class lived very well?

upperclass

what did the working class fight for?

wages, child labor laws, education, better conditions

how did the upper middle class people live?

well

what is enclosure?

when the people that farm go to the city for work. ending with high food outputs and reduced the people of farming

impact on woman

woman worked in factories, hired because cheaper to pay than men

what was another outcome of the industrial revolution?

womens suffrage

what is in labor?

workers (skilled&unskilled) to produce your product & service

What new machines and ideas became popular during the Industrial Revolution?

- Inventions - Textile - Steam Engine - Steamboat - Interchange - Mass - Canal - Railroad

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?

- The technology used in agriculture started to get better so there was a surplus of food and crops. - Since England was a colonial power, it had a lot of natural resources (coal) which they got from their colonies.

impact of mechanization

1. Reduced the need for skilled labo

what was the average work day/year for a factory worker?

14 hours a day 6 days a week

how many classes were there?

4

factory system

A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building

social darwinism

A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background.

What was urbanization?

A surplus in agriculture

utilitarianism

An ethical system stating that the greatest good for the greatest number should be the overriding concern of decision makers

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

England

Where did England and other countries get raw materials?

From their colonies

laissez-faire

Hands off. No government intervention in business.

development of middle class

IR created middle class. Prior it was rich/poor or royalty/peasants. the poor working class was working in the factories, the upper class owned the factories, and the middle class was comprised of people who managed others, worked at banks, or were highly skilled craftsmen whose jobs could not be replaced by unskilled lower class workers or machines, etc. Also, the Industrial Revolution led to divides in the upper and lower MC which hadn't been so pronounced before. Banker types were obviously much better off than factory managers or craftsmen. Education became VERY important to the middle class,

Who popularized socialism?

Kari Marx and Friedrich Engels

factors of productions

Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services

What is manufacturing?

Manufacturing is when you are turning raw materials into goods that can be sold for a profit.

bourgeoisie

Marx's term for the capitalist class, comprising the owners of the means of production.

proletariat

Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

What economic system became popular at the end of the Age of Exploration and Colonization?

Mercantilism

Where were the goods manufactured during the Industrial Revolution?

Mills and factories

communication revolution

New technologies that helped spur and contribute to the westward expansion and Industrial Revolution., Telegraph 1844, Telephone 1876. Atlantic Cable 1866. Wireless telegraph 1895. Radio tube 1907. Television 1925.

What was a major problem caused by urbanization?

Overcrowding and pollution

mass production

Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply

What are raw materials?

Raw materials are goods that could be turned into something else.

transportation revolution

STEAM ENGINE_improvements in: roads-enabled settlers and merchants to reach the west, boats-steamboat made commercial agriculture feasible in the West, canals (eerie canal)-connected large cities to each other and made it easier to trade, railroads-connected burgeoning cities to rivers and canals

What industry experienced the Industrial Revolution first?

The Textile Industry

division of labor

Division of work into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers

reforms

Changes in policy; lowering property ownership off of voting rights,

What was the textile industry like before the Industrial Revolution?

Before the industrial revolution, textile was made by cottage industries which were family run businesses. They were hand made and expensive.

child labor

CHEAP LABOR-Children as young as six or seven years had to work. They worked in mines because the small size of kids were good for moving around mines. Factory owners employed orphans in return for room and board. Children were seldom fed properly and their lodgings were sometimes nothing more than piles of straw beside machines.

What was the industry like before the industrial revolution?

The industry business was mostly ran by cottage industries which were family-run businesses.