Industrial Revolution

Population

At the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in the mid 1700s, the world's human population grew by about 57 percent to 700 million

Emmeline Pankhurst

activist and leader of the British suffragette movement who helped women win the right to vote.

Suffragettes

adopted militant tactics. They chained themselves to railings, disrupted public meetings and damaged public property.

Alexander Graham Bell

first practical telephone and founding the American Telephone and Telegraph Company

Bessemer Process

first process for manufacturing steel inexpensively

Children in the Workforce

Child labor was a common practice throughout much of the Industrial Revolution. Estimates show that over 50% of the workers in some British factories in the early 1800s were under the age of 14.

How did manufacturing change during the Industrial Revolution?

Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production.

How did the Industrial Revolution impact society?

Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production.

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin

Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain?

landlords had been able to push their peasants off the land. Those peasants then became a large supply of labor that could be used to work in the new factories that were springing up. All of these factors helped make Britain the first country to industrialize.

Enclosure Act

of enclosing a number of small landholdings to create one larger farm.

Louis Pasteur

responsible for souring alcohol and came up with the process of pasteurization, where bacteria is destroyed by heating beverages and then allowing them to cool.

Edward Jenner

scientist who was the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine.

Women in the Workforce

single and married, to find waged work outside their home. Women mostly found jobs in domestic service, textile factories, and piece work shops. They also worked in the coal mines.

The Factory act of 1819

stated that no children under 9 were to be employed and that children aged 9-16 years were limited to 12 hours' work per day.

The Factory Act of 1833

to improve conditions for children working in factories.

The Factory Act of 1844

All dangerous machinery was to be securely fenced off, and failure to do so regarded as a criminal offence.

Edmund Cartwright

English inventor. He graduated from Oxford University very early and went on to invent the power loom.

Standard of Living

Five to nine people lived in a single room which was as big as an apartment. Not only was there not enough room, but more people got sick as well. Because everyone lived in terrible conditions and so close to one another, diseases spread rapidly and lack of medicine and medical care resulted in many deaths. At the time, population was increasing rapidly because of more people moving in, so apartments became more crowded and in worse condition.

James Hargreaves

Hargreaves is credited with inventing the spinning jenny

The Mines Act of 1842

It prohibited (banned) all girls and boys under ten years old from working underground in coal mines.

U.S Unions

Labor unions in the United States are representatives of workers in many industries recognized under US labor law.

How did the Industrial Revolution impact daily life?

People lived in poor conditions and were sick and children were also dieing.

Millicent Fawcett

She is primarily known for her work as a campaigner for women to have the vote.

Suffragists

Suffragettes were members of women's organisations in the late

Coal Power

Textile mills, heavy machinery and the pumping of coal mines all depended heavily on old technologies of power: waterwheels, windmills and horsepower were usually the only sources available.

AFL-CIO

The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations is a national trade union center and the largest federation of unions in the United States

Karl Marx/Communists

The Communist Manifesto (originally Manifesto of the Communist Party) is an 1848 political pamphlet

European Union

The European Union is a political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe.

National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies

The National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, also known as the Suffragists was an organisation of women's suffrage societies in the United Kingdom

Factory System

The factory system was a new way of making products that began during the Industrial Revolution. The factory system used powered machinery, division of labor, unskilled workers, and a centralized workplace to mass-produce products.

How did the Industrial Revolution change the position of women in society?

Women began to work paid jobs and many worked in textile factories and most jobs were filled by the working class.

Ned Ludd/Luddites

communities were threatened by a combination of machines and other practices that had been unilaterally imposed by the aggressive new class of manufacturers that drove the Industrial Revolution.

Robert Owen

founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement.

Health Conditions

terrible health conditions since it caused many diseases that couldn't be cured and many people died of a ir and water pollution.

Cottage Industry

was based on the concept of workers would buy raw materials from merchants and bring it back to their home where they would produce a specific item.

Knights of Labor

was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 1880s.

Women's Social and Political Union

was the leading militant organisation campaigning for Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom.

Urbanization

was the rise of cities. In pre-industrial society, over 80% of people lived in rural areas. As migrants moved from the countryside, small towns became large cities.

The Voting Reform Act of 1884

were laws which further extended the suffrage in Britain after the Derby Government's Reform Act 1867

The Factory Act of 1847

which restricted the working hours of women and young persons (13-18) in textile mills to 10 hours per day.

James Watt

who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1781