Industrial Revolution

Who were the "Captains of Industry"? What role did these individuals play in the development of the United States during industrialization?

"Captains of Industry" were individuals that owned a business and that business went into a category or industry (steel, iron, cotton, exc.). These people would be the main competitor and most innovative of all the categories and industries and the hardest to compete against.

What was a "Pullman Town"? What was it like for those working for Pullman and living in his company town?

A pullman town was a town that George Pullman created for his workers to live close to work. For those working it was probably stressful because if you get fired then you won't have a place to sleep. You also could get fired easily by just being sick.

What is an entrepreneur? What impact did entrepreneurs have on society during the Industrial Revolution?

An entrepreneur is a person trying to start something like a business. During the industrial revolution entrepreneurs were people that started the businesses which created monopolies and that was bad during the time because it cheated other people out.

What industry is Andrew Carnegie associated with? What type of business practices did he adopt that allowed him to make large profits?

Andrew Carnegie was associated in the steel and iron and telegraph industry. He owned what he needed to make his products but also used both vertical and horizontal integration.

Define and give examples of the following: capitalism, Social Darwinism, monopoly, trust, vertical integration, horizontal integration.

Capitalism is where the government has all the power and the people don't have any. Social Darwinism is the idea of people that have more power are "fit" for society and only they matter. They people below them who aren't as successful are seen as "unfit" in society. Monopoly was where businesses got big and cheated out other people, they raised prices and all they cared about was money. Trust - when a company horizontally integrates Vertical integration- is where you buy everything you need to be manufactured so your prices go down Horizontal Integration- is where a business buys out their competition

Explain the role of Henry Ford during the Industrial Revolution. What business practices did he use to make manufacturing more efficient?

Henry Ford improved automobiles and cars by creating the assembly line. He used vertical integration as his method for creating and developing cars.

What is a labor union? Why were they formed? Provide 2 examples of unions that were formed during the Industrial Revolution. What were the differences between the two?

Labor union is when people are upset with their job because they're not getting paid enough along with people getting hurt and the boss not caring so they formed a labor union to where they will only work so many hours cause they weren't getting paid they money they should be getting paid

What is meant by "laissez-faire" capitalism? How did this approach to the economy affect the US?

Laissez-faire, hands in the air. It means that the government didn't do anything about businesses and let them do as they please. It affected the US by allowing monopolies to be created.

What groups of people made up the "working class" during the Industrial Revolution? Describe the working conditions for most laborers during the Industrial Revolution.

Middle to low class. Immigrants. Children.

Where did most immigrants come from between 1880-1920? Where did they settle mostly? Why did they chose these areas?

Most immigrants settled near the East Coast due to there being more job opportunities and factories.

What were the push and pull factors that motivated immigrants to come to America?

Push factors that drive immigrants out of their home country was no religious freedoms, no jobs, not education, dictators etc.Pull factors that brought immigrants here were job opportunities, education, religious freedom, freedom, and housing/better living

What challenges did immigrants face in America?

Some challenges immigrants had to face in America was not being treated right, low paying jobs if they could even get a job. There was extremists in america that also didn't accept them. They came here and didn't know a ton about about us so they took any opportunity they could get. In jobs, like working in factories they got hurt a lot and just got fired.

What were some of the challenges people faced that lived in these urban areas?

Some challenges of the challenges people faced living in these urban areas was that there was a lot of crime and pollution happening. People didn't dispose of garbage/waste correctly. And since there wasn't a lot of law enforcement people saw it as an opportunity to commit crime and steal.

Name and explain the importance of the following innovations during the Industrial Revolution: telephone/telegraph, electricity, steel/oil

Telephone/Telegraph - allowed people to communicate without physically having to see them/allowed countries to communicate faster and much easier

What is a tenement? What were living conditions like in a tenement?

Tenements were apartments almost except not as nice. They were dark and crowded and very dirty.

What is the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution would be the growth of the country contributing to industry and industrial growths. As the country grew, so did the steel, iron, exc. industry.

Explain the connection between immigration and urbanization.

The connection between immigration and urbanization was that the immigrants that came in, and urbanized everything. They built skyscrapers and created large cities with their culture in it. Immigrants are the people that built everything.

What is the connection between the railroad and the industrialization of America?

The connection between the railroad and the industrialization of America because the industrialization needed to spread their manufacturing of goods to other places and since we had the railroad prices on transportation went down, that being said so did the prices in the stores that the goods would be sold in.

What industry is JD Rockefeller associated with? What type of business practice did he adopt that allowed him to make large profits?

The industry that JD Rockefeller is associated with was the oil industry. JD Rockefeller adopted horizontal integration to allow him to make large profits.

What was the Sherman Antitrust Act? Why are monopolies and trusts bad for consumers?

Trust that was in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations was declared illegal. It made it so that monopolies were not possible. Trusts and monopolies were bad for consumers because when a company had a monopoly, they could raise prices as high as they wanted because they owned everything.

What does the "urbanization of America" mean?

Urbanization Of America means that when immigrants came into america rural living wasn't popular anymore. They had turned land into big cities, they built skyscrapers and city life. They brought their tradition with them and made american cities full of culture.