Industrialization, Immigration, Roaring 20's, Great Depression

What was the significance of the New Deal?

environmental improvements (or physical rehabilitation - soil erosion, flood control); human rehabilitation (gov't is responsible for health, welfare, & security of citizens); strengthened executive branch; expand democracy

What were flappers?

nickname given to modern and rebellious women in the 1920's who often cut their hair short, wore short skirts, visited speakeasies, smoked and drank in public, and wanted the same freedom as men

Define laissez-faire.

no regulations on business

Define buying on margin.

paying for a portion of the stock then taking out a loan for the rest

What were 3 differences between Hoover and Roosevelt?

political party, view on government involvement in citizens' lives, and opinions of government's role in business

What does the 20th amendment say?

reduces the amount of time between presidential election and inauguration from 4 months to 2 months (lame duck)

What is a Hooverville?

shacks (or shanties) built by homeless people and were named Hoovervilles because they were bitter toward President Hoover

What was the objective of the New Deal?

to save capitalism

What were fireside chats?

weekly radio broadcasts given by FDR that used simple language to explain the New Deal

What does the 19th amendment say?

women can vote (women's suffrage)

What are some reasons people moved into urban areas?

loss of farming jobs, increased immigration, increased railroads and streetcar lines, greater availability of jobs

Define red scare

Fear that communists will take over America.

Why was there an increase in immigration in the US in the late 19th century?

Immigrants were looking for jobs in the new industries and factories being built.

Why was electricity beneficial to industry in the 19th century?

It increased the number of working hours in a day.

How did railroads impact US expansion and growth?

It made it easier to transport goods and people; it made it easier to for people to move West; citizens could move from place to place quickly and easily.

How did the assembly line impact industry?

Products could be produced faster, more uniformly, and at a cheaper price; it also spreads from the auto industry to other older industries.

Why was prohibition repealed?

US was in the Great Depression and needed the tax money from alcohol

Define recession

a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced (people slow down in their buying, which leads to a decrease in manufacturing)

What does the 18th amendment say?

alcohol is illegal (prohibition)

What does the 21st amendment say?

alcohol is legal (repeals 18th amendment)

What was the Dust Bowl?

an area of Midwest farmland that topsoil turned to dust due to drought and poor farming practices

Define speculation.

buying stocks simply to raise the price of the stock so it can be sold for a high profit

How long did the Great Depression last?

end of 1929 - early 1940's

What percent of banks closed?

25%

How high did the unemployment rate get?

25%

Where were immigrants who entered through Angel Island from?

Asia

Define nativism.

Belief that the way of life in your country is superior to other people.

What were the four major groups attacked by the KKK in the 20's?

Catholic, Jews, immigrants, and African-Americans

What are some objections to the New Deal?

Conservatives (mostly Republicans) thought it was socialism; added to national debt; encouraged idleness; violates constitution; increased power of presidency

Where were immigrants who entered through Ellis Island from?

Europe

What was Hoover's opinion of government involvement in helping the citizens during the Great Depression?

He felt the government should not get too involved because they did not want the people to rely too much on the government

What is Black Tuesday?

The day there was a run on the banks and banks did not have enough money to give the depositors.

What is the Great Migration?

Movement of African Americans out of the south to the north (1 in 7 moved)

America puts few restrictions on immigration between 1870 and 1920. WHY?

New industries needed workers (factories, railroads, etc)

Give examples of push factors and pull factors.

Push: famine/food shortage, unemployment, religious persecution, war, natural disasters Pull factor: jobs, available housing & food supply, better quality of life, good climate, better health care

What is the Harlem Renaissance?

Rebirth in African American culture and pride that began in NY

What were the purposes of the New Deal?

Relief, Recovery, Reform

All three presidents in the 1920's were from which political party?

Republican

What is Black Thursday?

The day the stock market crashed in 1929

How did labor unions impact US industry in the 19th century? What are some reasons labor unions were started?

They improved working conditions, helped increase salaries, helped set working hours

Why didn't farmers experience economic prosperity in the 20's?

They were still over-producing crops after World War I and had a surplus of crops they could not sell, so crop prices fell.