infection questions

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who is hospitalized with a second episode of pneumonia in the past 18 months. The client has expressed frustration to the nurse and states, "I never got sick when I was younger. Why is this happening?" Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A) "As you grow older, your immune system just quits working." B) "As you grow older, there is a decrease in the immune response, which puts you at greater risk for developing an infection." C) "As you grow older, there in an overall increase in the speed and strength of your immune response." D) "As you grow older, there is an increase in the number of B cells in the circulation, which hinders the immune response."

"As you grow older, there is a decrease in the immune response, which puts you at greater risk for developing an infection."

An older adult client asks the nurse what can be done to decrease the risk of developing pneumonia. Which responses by the nurse are most appropriate? Select all that apply. A) "Once per day, you should eat yogurt that is supplemented with L. casei immunitas cultures." B) "Eliminating habits like smoking can help." C) "You can get the pneumonia vaccination, which may help decrease your risk in the future." D) "Avoiding alcohol will reduce your risk." E) "There is nothing you can do to decrease your risk of pneumonia in the future."

"Eliminating habits like smoking can help." "You can get the pneumonia vaccination, which may help decrease your risk in the future." "Avoiding alcohol will reduce your risk."

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client recovering from pneumonia. Which client statement indicates that additional teaching is needed? A) "I can't get the influenza vaccine due to my allergy to eggs." B) "I will get the influenza vaccine every year." C) "I will get the pneumococcal vaccine every fall." D) "The pneumococcal vaccine protects against bacterial pneumonia."

"I will get the pneumococcal vaccine every fall."

The nurse has provided teaching on multidrug treatment to a client with tuberculosis. Which statement by the client indicates that the teaching was effective? A) "Multiple drugs are necessary to develop immunity to tuberculosis." B) "Multiple drugs are necessary because I became infected from an immigrant." C) "Multiple drugs will be required as long as I am contagious." D) "Multiple drugs are necessary because of the risk of resistance."

"Multiple drugs are necessary because of the risk of resistance."

The nurse is caring for a client who is being discharged following abdominal surgery with an incision. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to teach this client regarding wound healing? A) "Thoroughly irrigate the wound with hydrogen peroxide once a day." B) "Apply a lubricating lotion to the edges of the wound twice a day." C) "Add more fruits and vegetables to your diet." D) "Notify the healthcare provider if you notice swelling, warmth, or tenderness at the wound site."

"Notify the healthcare provider if you notice swelling, warmth, or tenderness at the wound site."

An occupational health nurse is screening a new employee in a long-term care facility for tuberculosis (TB). The employee questions why purified protein derivative (PPD) testing is done twice. Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse? A) "Different medication is used in the second PPD." B) "The treatment for TB is 6 months of medication, and we want to make sure the first results of the first PPD were accurate." C) "The first PPD was not interpreted in the correct time frame of 48-72 hours." D) "There is an increased risk for a false-negative response for people who work in long-term care facilities. The two-step process is recommended to accurately screen for TB."

"There is an increased risk for a false-negative response for people who work in long-term care facilities. The two-step process is recommended to accurately screen for TB."

Which client should the nurse anticipate will have the greatest psychosocial needs? A) A client under standard precautions B) A client taking antibiotics C) A client under droplet precautions D) A client in isolation

A client in isolation

The healthcare provider prescribes a client to have peak and trough blood levels drawn to evaluate the therapeutic effect of an IV antibiotic. When should the nurse schedule the blood samples to be drawn? Select all that apply. A) Prior to the discontinuing the antibiotic B) A few minutes before the next scheduled dose of medication C) During the infusion of the antibiotic D) 30 minutes after the IV administration E) 1 to 2 hours after the oral administration of the medication

A few minutes before the next scheduled dose of medication 30 minutes after the IV administration

Which of the following is not one of the four distinct patterns of pneumonia? A) Lobar pneumonia B) Bronchopneumonia C) Alveolar pneumonia D) Interstitial pneumonia

Alveolar pneumonia

Which intervention should the nurse carry out to manage fever in a client with pneumonia? Select all that apply. A) Increase the temperature of the room environment to prevent shivering. B) Administer antipyretic medications. C) Restrict fluids during periods of hyperthermia because of the risk of electrolyte imbalance. D) Use ice packs and a tepid bath every 2 hours. E) Promote frequent rest periods to increase energy reserve.

Administer antipyretic medications. Promote frequent rest periods to increase energy reserve.

A nurse is caring for a client with tuberculosis (TB) who is taking rifampin for treatment of the disease. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this client? Select all that apply. A) Administer the medication with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. B) Record a baseline visual examination before initiating therapy. C) Administer the medication on an empty stomach. D) Administer the medication by deep intramuscular injection into a large muscle mass. E) Monitor complete blood count (CBC), liver function studies, and renal function studies for evidence of toxicity.

Administer the medication on an empty stomach. Monitor complete blood count (CBC), liver function studies, and renal function studies for evidence of toxicity.

The provider has ordered fluid administration for a pediatric client with pneumonia. The client weighs 81.6 lb (37 kg). The nurse should expect to administer ________ mL of fluid per day for this client.

Answer: 1840 Explanation: Administer 100 mL/kg/day for the first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg/day for the second 10 kg, and 20 mL/kg/day for all additional body weight over 20 kg. Therefore, this client should receive (10 kg × 100 mL) + (10 kg × 50 mL) + (17 kg × 20 mL) = 1000 mL + 500 mL + 340 mL = 1840 mL/day.

The nurse plans a presentation for community members about how to decrease the risk for antibiotic-resistant infections. Which information will the nurse include in the teaching plan (select all that apply)? a. Antibiotics may sometimes be prescribed to prevent infection. b. Continue taking antibiotics until all of the prescription is gone. c. Unused antibiotics that are more than a year old should be discarded. d. Antibiotics are effective in treating influenza associated with high fevers. e. Hand washing is effective in preventing many viral and bacterial infections.

Antibiotics may sometimes be prescribed to prevent infection. Continue taking antibiotics until all of the prescription is gone. Hand washing is effective in preventing many viral and bacterial infections

The nurse is teaching a child care class for mothers of young children. What should the nurse teach as being the most common mode of transmission of infectious disease? A) Children who are playing board games B) Children who are sitting together eating meals C) Children who are playing with the same toy D) Children who don't wash their hands after using the bathroom

Children who don't wash their hands after using the bathroom

The nurse is preparing to assess an older adult client admitted with tuberculosis. Which assessment finding does the nurse anticipate? A) Night sweats B) Swollen lymph nodes C) Cough D) Hemoptysis

Cough

Which agent can be used to destroy pathogens other than spores? A) Antiseptic B) Disinfectant C) Sterilizing agent D) Isolating agent

Disinfectant

A client is receiving IV antibiotics for the treatment of a Staphylococcus aureus infection. Which nursing interventions are appropriate when providing care to this client? Select all that apply. A) Encourage adequate fluid intake. B) Monitor for allergic reaction. C) Assess renal and liver function. D) Assess pain level. E) Monitor vital signs.

Encourage adequate fluid intake. Monitor for allergic reaction. Assess renal and liver function. Monitor vital signs.

The nurse caring for a client at risk for tuberculosis (TB) should include which symptoms of the disease when educating the client? Select all that apply. A) Fatigue B) Low-grade morning fever C) Productive cough that later turns to a dry, hacking cough D) Weight loss E) Night sweats

Fatigue Weight loss Night sweats

An older adult client is admitted with pneumonia. Which manifestations would the nurse expect to find when assessing this client? Select all that apply. A) Hemoptysis B) Increased appetite C) Cough D) Tachypnea E) Fever

Hemoptysis Cough Tachypnea Fever

The nurse is planning care for a client recently diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). The client lives alone in an apartment and will continue treatment at home. When reviewing the client's history, the nurse notes that the client has had trouble complying with medication regimens in the past. Which nursing diagnosis is a priority for this client? A) Ineffective Health Management B) Deficient Knowledge C) Ineffective Breathing Pattern D) Risk for Injury

Ineffective Health Management

The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted to the unit with tuberculosis (TB). Which type of isolation room is most appropriate? A) Single-door room with positive airflow (air flows out of the room) B) Isolation room with an anteroom and negative airflow (air flows into the room) C) Isolation room with an anteroom and normal airflow D) Single-door room with normal airflow

Isolation room with an anteroom and negative airflow (air flows into the room)

What is the primary rationale for maintaining adequate hydration in clients with pneumonia? A) It helps maintain urine output to clear toxins from the blood. B) It helps increase blood pressure to maintain perfusion to vital organs. C) It helps keep the mucus membranes moist to prevent further infection. D) It helps keep the airway clear by making secretions easier to expectorate.

It helps keep the airway clear by making secretions easier to expectorate.

Which actions should the nurse take to help the client with bowel and bladder dysfunction reduce the risk of infection? Select all that apply. A) Isolate the client using transmission-based precautions. B) Monitor intake and output. C) Provide hygienic care after episodes of incontinence. D) Use standard precautions when handling linen after episodes of incontinence. E) Limit fluid intake.

Monitor intake and output. Provide hygienic care after episodes of incontinence. Use standard precautions when handling linen after episodes of incontinence.

The infecting organism that causes tuberculosis is A) Micrococcus tuberculosis. B) Microbacterium tuberculosis. C) Mycoplasma tuberculosis. D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia. Which intervention should the nurse include in this client's plan of care to promote effective airway clearance? A) Perform chest percussion every 4 hours and prn. B) Administer the pneumococcal vaccine prior to discharge. C) Limit fluid intake to 1000 mL per day. D) Provide the client with smoking cessation education.

Perform chest percussion every 4 hours and prn.

A nurse is planning an in-service on preventing infection for the staff nurses on a hospital's medical-surgical unit. Which of the following should be the priority teaching point for this in-service? A) Raising the temperature in each client's room B) Assessing vital signs once daily C) Wearing a mask for client care D) Performing hand hygiene

Performing hand hygiene

Which type of pneumonia rarely occurs in individuals with normal immune function? A) Pneumonia caused by the influenza virus B) Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci C) Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae D) Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci

An adolescent client is brought to the emergency department (ED) with fatigue, weight loss, a dry cough, and night sweats. The family just recently immigrated to the United States. Based on this data, which potential risk should the nurse include when planning care for this client? A) Pneumothorax B) Atelectasis C) Renal failure D) Reduced peristalsis

Pneumothorax

The nurse is assessing a client who is recovering following surgery. Which factor would increase this client's susceptibility to infection? A) Intact mucous membranes B) Presence of an incision C) Dry skin D) Active bowel sounds

Presence of an incision

A client with a previously healed tuberculosis lesion experiences lesion rupture that leads to active disease. Which type of tuberculosis does this client have? A) Miliary tuberculosis B) Extrapulmonary tuberculosis C) Reactivation tuberculosis D) Cavitation tuberculosis

Reactivation tuberculosis

The nurse is caring for a client who develops a fever and productive cough after abdominal surgery. Which orders should the nurse expect from the healthcare provider? Select all that apply. A) Sputum cultures B) Antibiotics C) Chest physiotherapy D) Bronchial washing for culture E) Isolation precautions

Sputum cultures Antibiotics Chest physiotherapy

The nurse is caring for a client with gangrene of the toe. Which collaborative intervention should the nurse anticipate preparing the client for? A) Surgery B) Debridement C) Myringotomy D) Wound irrigation

Surgery

The nurse in an inner city clinic is providing a health screening for a homeless client with a history of drug abuse. The client has a chronic nonproductive cough. For which should the nurse expect to screen this client? A) Herpes zoster B) Sickle cell disease C) Sick sinus syndrome D) Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

The nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting signs of a systemic infection following surgery. Which diagnostic tests would the nurse anticipate being ordered? Select all that apply. A) Serum electrolyte levels B) Urinalysis C) White blood cell differential D) White blood cell count E) Wound culture

Urinalysis White blood cell differential White blood cell count Wound culture

The nurse is teaching a class on infection control. Which nursing measure is most appropriate in breaking a link in the chain of infection? A) Place contaminated linens in a paper bag. B) Use personal protective equipment (PPE). C) Cover one's cough by placing the mouth in the hand. D) Wear sterile gloves for client care.

Use personal protective equipment (PPE).

The charge nurse for a medical-surgical unit is notified that a client with tuberculosis (TB) is being transported to the unit. Which actions for infection prevention are the most appropriate in this circumstance? Select all that apply. A) Stock the client's supply cart at the beginning of each shift. B) Wear a respirator and gown when caring for the client. C) Have the client wear a mask when coming from admissions. D) Perform hand hygiene only after leaving the room. E) Test all staff members for TB immediately.

Wear a respirator and gown when caring for the client. Have the client wear a mask when coming from admissions.

A type of infection that is associated with the delivery of healthcare services in a facility such as a hospital or nursing home is called a(n) A) etiologic infection. B) latent infection. C) healthcare-associated infection. D) hospital-associated infection.

healthcare-associated infection.