Info Systems Final Exam
Sensitivity analysis ensures that information technology-related investments support an organization's strategic business objectives.
False
System integration and application interface are synonymous terms because the outcome product is the same.
False
The US healthcare system is on track to transition from a system that emphasizes balancing stakeholder value across dimensions to a system that emphasizes individual value and cost containment.
False
Which of the following functions does a health information technology (HIT) portfolio management office serve?
Creating metrics and dashboards to facilitate transparency
An enterprise analytics unit should incorporate all of the following functions EXCEPT
Designing and creating every analytical report needed by the organization.
Which of the following is NOT predicted to happen in US healthcare?
Healthcare decisions will be more physician based.
If health spending continues to increase, the quality of care for even the best-insured Americans will be threatened.
True
Key elements of continuity management include developing a detailed, step-by-step procedural checklist to restore service levels and a timeline for testing the plan in a realistic manner.
True
Many healthcare organizations are outsourcing portions of their health information technology departmental functions as an alternative to in-house staffing.
True
Two fundamental impediments to maximizing value are interdependence and documentation.
True
While regulatory oversight in healthcare is presumed essential, compliance is challenging and costly.
True
Problems with determination of cost of health information technology arise because of _______________ , rather than straightforward finance and accounting techniques.
complex (econometric) techniques
Input for __________ should document cost savings, revenue enhancements, capacity/volume growth, and risk mitigation resulting from the investment decision.
financial benefits
With regard to the "five Vs" of big data, the most important concept is
interactions among the terms.
Measuring benefits of health information technology (HIT) investment is impeded by the ______________ of outcomes across a wide portion of the organization and not a single unit or HIT investment.
interdependence
Investments applied to the __________ level have the greatest chance of success.
operational
The main goal of _______________ is to minimize the adverse effect of incidents and problems on the business that are caused by errors in the infrastructure and to proactively prevent the occurrence of incidents, problems, and errors.
problem management
Which of the following is NOT a key benefit of an electronic health record?
Better access to information about an organization's human resources
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate reason many healthcare organizations have assigned the responsibility for information management and communications to the chief information officer?
Chief financial officer's assumption of too many duties and responsibilities
Which of the following is a challenge that the evolving role of chief information officer will face in the future?
Desire for greater health information technology autonomy from other business units, Security concerns, Budgetary concerns
What factor is NOT a primary driver of change in the healthcare system?
Global warming
What is the agency problem that good governance seeks to manage?
Governance must balance the conflict of interest between managers' risk aversion from minimizing mistakes and owners' desire for appropriate risk-taking to maximize the well-being of the firm.
A(n) _____________'s greatest contribution is in providing strategic views into the projects the organization is working on to benefit health information technology (HIT) governance decision making.
HIT portfolio dashboard
Which of the following statements about software development is TRUE?
Historically, most hospitals employed a staff to develop computer applications in-house; nowadays, most hospitals rely primarily on software packages purchased from commercial vendors.
Which of the following is NOT one of the five primary components of successful health information technology (HIT) governance?
Making HIT staff happy
What is the primary feature of the administrative simplification portion of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act?
Standards for healthcare transactions and privacy of information
With respect to the formation of the system selection governance structure, what is the purpose of functional work groups?
To advise and make recommendations to the system selection committee
Which of the following describes the purpose of a contract negotiations issues matrix?
To proactively review the vendor's standard contract and extract from it all the issues that the healthcare organization wishes to have addressed throughout the course of the negotiations
What does TCO stand for?
Total cost of ownership
Which of the following BEST describes how consensus is gained in making the final selection of a vendor of choice?
Using the original selection criteria, the members of the system selection committee rate each vendor finalist against those weighted criteria to determine their vendor of choice.
A hospital is said to be at Stage 1 when all of its ancillary systems are in place, which includes all of the following EXCEPT
a module for the emergency department.
Which of the following BEST describes enterprise resource planning systems?
bundled applications
Executive information systems are sometimes referred to as
business intelligence
Issues related to data definition and report standardization are typically addressed by the
data governance subcommittee.
An advantage of using technologies such as Hadoop in big data analytics is the capability to
deal with large, unstructured data sets.
Enhanced websites sponsored by healthcare organizations are being used for all of the following EXCEPT
disclosure of patient information
Delivery organizations will change their structure in the future to be better able to
facilitate coordination of care across the continuum of care by greater investment in information technology.
What is the key driver for effective revenue cycle management?
optimizing cash flow
Approximately what percent of the time should first-level and second-level information technology service desk technicians be able to find permanent solutions and answers to questions or devise temporary fixes?
95%
Development of a consistent, integrated master plan for information systems development is essential. Who should take direct responsibility for organizing the planning effort?
Chief executive officer
Which of the following focuses on restoring the healthcare organization's information technology services as quickly as possible after a service interruption?
Continuity management
__________________ processes focus on the identification, recording, and reporting of information technology components to include versions and the interrelationships between the components.
Configuration management
Which of the following terms describes the use of common codes and data definitions for electronic information exchange across an organization?
Data compatibility
Firmly establishing value in many healthcare investments has proven to be fairly easy and widely accepted.
False
Of the eight steps in using formal methods of cost evaluation, which examines who receives the costs and benefits?
Equity
All health information technology (HIT) departments are required to have service-level agreements between the HIT department and specific sets of customers.
False
Control Objects for Information Technology can be thought of as a framework for HOW health information technology (HIT) department processes should be interlinked to gain optimum proactive HIT service management, whereas Information Technology Infrastructure Library can be thought of as a framework for WHAT sorts of things an HIT department should consider having in place.
False
In incident management, there are three levels of support services. Which of the following options correctly describes the type of help provided at each level?
First level—handles the most routine, recurring incidents, such as resetting a user's password Second level—requires a lot of expertise and training; may require a technician to go physically to the user's location Third level—handles the most difficult and unique problems and often must perform deep root-cause analysis
Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four main elements that constitute root-cause analysis?
Gap analysis
The management of health information technology (HIT) has become a greater challenge in recent years because:
HIT leaders must learn to manage up to the chief executive officer and board, horizontally among others in the C-suite, and within their business units.
Of the eight steps in using formal methods of cost evaluation, which is most important in the analysis?
Identify study objectives
Which of the following areas do clinical information systems support?
Patient care
Which of the following is the computing corollary to "video killed the radio star"?
Personal computers replaced mainframes.
According to Debra Walker, former chief information officer of Goodyear, what are the three levels of information technology (IT) services that the health information technology department must master, and in which order should they occur?
Providing a robust and reliable infrastructure for the organization, providing excellent IT services, partnering with the business to do the high value-added activities and create competitive advantage
Assessing and documenting risks in outcomes, financial benefits, and resource use or costs describe which of the following steps in information technology business case development?
Risk analysis
Healthcare organizations must consistently apply their health information technology plan across their multiple operating units.
True
The ultimate goal of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library framework is:
To create value for the customers/users of HIT
Which of the following terms describes an operational device designed to aid in defining and collecting relevant start-up and recurring costs?
Total cost of ownership
A common conclusion of health information technology (HIT) value findings is that available literature tends to report only narrow analyses of impacts of HIT investments.
True
Data analytics is an emerging field; thus skilled analysts are in short supply.
True
Data storage classification is based on usage and access needs.
True
Development of new technologies can be constrained or facilitated by political agendas.
True
Evidence-based medicine can improve the quality of care by helping physician providers make effective clinical decisions.
True
Financial barriers to health information technology adoption are usually more important than challenges with interoperability, acceptance by clinical staff, or having available technical staff.
True
Which of the following is a typical function associated with the financial management of information technology service?
Vendor management, Oversight of antifraud policies and procedures, Budget management
The investment aligned with existing information technology architecture and consistent with ongoing architecture principles is the ______________question.
architecture
The main purpose of ______________ is ensuring that computer resources are available when users need them.
availability management
The main goal of _______________ is to ensure that new software or hardware being added to a live environment has been built and tested so that it is put into service without causing negative impacts.
release management
mHealth apps abound. The caveat for healthcare organizations is:
they should meet the needs of both consumers and providers.
What is a request for proposal?
A formal notice that the organization is interested in purchasing a particular type of health information technology product
Which of the following is NOT a major priority in system development?
Disuse of wireless devices to improve data entry and access
Managing access in the future will pose challenges for HIT only because of the 30 million newly insured individuals.
False
National health expenditure growth over the last decade poses a major challenge to the United States today because the rate of growth was much lower in prior decades.
False
Which of the following entities is arguably the most preeminent credentialing body for project management?
Project Management Institute
Which of the following project management knowledge areas focuses on providing guidance to individuals about how to plan health information technology purchasing and contracting?
Project procurement management
Data are __________________, whereas information is ______________.
Raw facts and figures collected by the organization; processed and analyzed in a formal, intelligent way
Evidence-based medicine is defined as an information management and learning strategy that seeks to integrate clinical expertise with the best evidence available to make effective clinical decisions that will ultimately improve patient care.
True
High-quality patient care relies on careful documentation of each patient's medical history, health status, current medical conditions, and treatment plans.
True
Interoperability, the ability of health information systems to work together within and across organizational boundaries, is a vital movement for the development of standards.
True
The government recognizes the challenges that the healthcare industry faces regarding cost, quality, and access to care.
True
Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between maturity and cost is TRUE?
Typically, as an organization's maturity with respect to HIT project management increases, the overall cost of its HIT projects decreases significantly while their success rate increases substantially.
A data breach is any unauthorized access to information.
true
Cost, quality, and access (the healthcare triangle) involve systems challenges faced by our governmental leaders and do not have a direct impact on healthcare organizations or HIT.
False
What is typically cited as the greatest cause of project failure?
Poor execution
What is the primary function of groupware?
Share information via an integrated network
Analytics project champions are necessary to
help advocate for adequate funding and staff resources for the project, keep projects moving forward when competing proposals emerge, help to define the scope and goals of the analytics project.
The quadruple aim extends the challenges of healthcare policy by:
realizing that the stress of meeting cost, quality, and access goals puts pressure on all providers.
What is a controlled medical vocabulary?
A tool used to standardize information for purposes of capturing, storing, exchanging, searching, and analyzing data
In a typical health information technology organizational structure, which of the following entities report(s) directly to the chief information officer?
Chief technology officer, Chief medical information officer, Chief information security officer
Which of the following correctly matches typical leaders with types of projects?
Clinical application projects: influential stakeholder from within the clinical leadership of an organization Business application projects: influential business stakeholder Infrastructure projects: CIO or one of the CIO's key directors
What does CPOE stand for?
Computerized provider order entry
Which of the following is the BEST example of typical potential RECURRING costs of an electronic health record (EHR)?
Costs associated with EHR maintenance
How is the law of accelerating returns relevant to the computing evolution?
Each generation informs innovation for the next generation.
Which of the following selections is (are) one of the four broad categories of environmental factors?
Economic, Political, Physical
Which of the following mechanisms to reduce or control healthcare costs will have an impact on health information technology?
Efforts to reduce duplicate tests and procedures
Which of the following areas do electronic networking and e-health applications support?
Electronic data interchange
Which of the following factors is one of the most common reasons healthcare organizations retain legacy systems?
Inability to interface with or migrate data to new systems
Who should oversee the development of a broad set of policies related to the acquisition of computer hardware, software, and network communications equipment for the healthcare organization?
Information systems steering committee
In which order should the five key processes of project management occur?
Initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, closing
Which of the following statements about systems theory is NOT true?
Interest in it developed after World War II, focusing first on the social sciences and then on the physical sciences.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a business term category that should be addressed in the contract negotiations?
Interfaces and conversions
What is one of the most popular, on-the-rise places consumers are looking to for medical information and consumer empowerment?
Internet
Why is critical path analysis important?
It provides a forecast of the shortest possible time needed to complete the overall project.
Which of the following is NOT one of the major potential dangers and risks to the organization and the chief information officer leading outsourcing initiatives?
Low costs associated with vendor fees and profit structure
What is a leading cause of adverse health consequences and greater cost burden on society as a whole?
Medical Errors
Which of the following are major potential benefits of outsourcing?
More flexibility in meeting changing requirements and adopting new technology, Reduction of in-house staffing requirements, Reduction in the time required to implement new applications
Improving quality of care has which of the following implications for HIT?
Obligation to validate and secure information from more sources
What was one of the main purposes of the first computer systems?
Performing financial transactions
What is the point in revenue cycle management where accurate capture of patient information has the greatest value to the process?
Registration and account setup
What are the components of two-factor authentication?
Strong password and second code or token
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the system selection and contract management process?
System implementation
System selection committees should be made up of representative stakeholders. In the example of a proposed pharmacy system selection, which of the following best represents the interests of the largest number of stakeholders?
The pharmacy director, the finance director, the chief nurse, the chief medical information officer, and a member of the medical staff
The uninsured tend to exhibit poor health outcomes and high overall costs for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
They are often undocumented residents who were sick and came to the United States to obtain quality healthcare.
In the system selection process, the step of reducing the number of potential vendors that a healthcare organization is considering to just a few finalists is called
down selection
Key dimensions of health system performance include all of the following EXCEPT
economic growth
Data archiving and destruction plans should be based on
facility needs and legal and regulatory guidelines.
Communication between the chief information officer (CIO) and the chief executive officer is not important because the CIO is an executive-level position and he or she can fully handle his or her department responsibilities.
false
Electronic data exchange can occur without standardization of data structures used in computer applications.
false
For healthcare organizations, the information lifecycle and governance should not include destruction.
false
For the closed-loop medication capability of an electronic health record (EHR), all the following capabilities must prerequisitely be in place within the EHR: bar coding, computer practitioner order entry, clinical decision support systems, and an enterprise data warehouse.
false
The first generation computing model, input—processing—output, is basically irrelevant in the current cloud computing environment.
false
The health information technology department should almost always position itself as the main driver of the system selection.
false
One common challenge to building a strong enterprise analytics unit in the early stages of analytics adoption is
identifying and gaining meaningful participation of sufficient subject matter experts and functional expertise.
Democratizing data assets and reducing demands on the analytics function requires
increasing data literacy throughout the organization.
What is the current key driver of health information technology operating costs?
labor
According to leading healthcare search firms, what is included in the list of a chief information officer's job responsibilities?
leadership
The primary goal of risk management in health information technology governance includes:
meeting legal and regulatory compliance needs and understanding and managing key operation risks.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three levels of personnel recruited for staffing an information systems department?
nontechnical
Consumer empowerment and participation research regarding social media suggests that in the future
patients will be willing to trust and share information from the Internet, patients will seek second opinions and shop for hospitals and doctors using social media, patients will share information regarding their healthcare experiences via social media, patients will share personal health information (positive and negative) via social media
A ___________ is a collection of programs and projects.
portfolio
The key differences between a conventional system and a cybernetic management control system for healthcare organizations include
sensor, standards, and control process.
An important factor in the sustainability of e-health systems is
the ability to meet data-sharing requirements.
The effectiveness of an expert clinical decision support system is determined by the robustness of the knowledge base and
the strength of the inference engine
A best practice in the system selection process is to inform the responding vendors that the responses they submit in their request for proposal and their price quotes will be attached to the final contract as a commitment.
true
A simple definition of "meaningful use of an electronic health record" is use that results in significant measurable improvements in the quality and affordability of care.
true
An electronic health record has the ability to help reduce overutilization of drugs.
true
Cache capacity and speed may be key selection criteria for image processing applications.
true
Despite its size, the internet is essentially a wide area network.
true
In distributed processing, multiple networked processors increase speed and computing power.
true
Staffing budgets for health information technology (HIT) have grown rapidly in recent years and typically make up over 50 percent of the typical HIT departmental operating budget.
true
Text and nontext data do not have the same storage requirements.
true
With the exception of unavoidable manual data capture, the revenue cycle is almost exclusively automated.
true
