Information Visualization Exam
Which of the following is not a property of the Data Interpreter? - tidying formatting of the table data - pivoting tables - cleaning excel reports
Pivoting tables
Value
dependent attribute - the cell content
Active Titles
descriptive title that guides the reader about what they should take away from the graph
Bar Chart
one key (categorical or ordinal), one value (quantitative) Mark: lines Channel: length
Dot/Line Chart
one key (ordinal), one value (quantitative) mark: points + line connections channels = aligned lengths to express quantitative value
The university administration is looking at student performance in course X to decide whether to increase the number of sections for that class. The data includes an attribute "Grade", which is the letter grade for each student in the data. Grade is _______ attribute. - numeric - categorical - quantitative - ordinal
ordinal
You are given data with the following data types: Positions, Attributes, and Grids. What is the most suitable visual representation for this data? - list - spatial (fields) - networks - trees
spatial
Which of the following is not Gestalt's Principle of Visual Perception? - similarity - spatial awareness - connection - proximity
spatial awareness
Second Act of Storytelling
attempt to resolve the problem
Pie Chart
1 categorical, 1 quantitative
A regular bar chart will always have - 1 key (categorical), 1 value (quantitative) - 1 key (quantitative), 1 value (quantitative) - 1 key (categorical), 1 value (categorical) - none of the other options
1 key (categorical), 1 value (quantitative)
Data Abstraction Steps
1. identify dataset type and attribute types 2. identify cardinality 3. consider whether to transform data
Heatmap
2 categorical, 1 quantitative mark = point channel = color by quantitative attribute
Scatterplot
2 quantitative attributes Mark = point
Slopegraph
2 quantitative values (1 derived) mark = point + line channel = 2 vertical positions, line width/size or color
Attributes can take different types of values. We discussed X types of attribute values in the class. X is - 3 - 1 - Infinite - None of the other options
3: categorical, quantitative, ordinal
Which of the following statements are correct about choropleth maps? i) Choropleth maps can have the issue of raw vs. normalized data. ii) The size of a region and its color interfere with our perception. iii) It is recommended to show one attribute at a time
All
Which of the following chart type (Viz Idiom) is a better alternative for Radar Plot? - bar chart - pie chart - scatterplot - coxcomb plot
Bar Chart
A Key (an independent attribute) can be quantitative, ordinal, or categorical. True/False
False
Color and Shape are more easily separable than Color and Position. True/False
False
Humans perceive the area of a region as well as they perceive the length of a bar/line. True/False
False
Summary statistics show all the important characteristics of data/numbers. True/False
False
When a data file is constantly updated with new data, it is called static data. True/False
False
Which of the following is correct? - Tableau allows Boolean values (True-False) - Dimensions in Tableau refer to quantitative data - Tableau doesn't allow to change the data type. - Tableau does not differentiate between discrete and continuous attributes
Tableau allows Boolean values (True-False)
It is acceptable to show a low-luminance graph on a high-luminance background. True/False
True
Line graphs can only have one ordinal Key and one Quantitative Value. True/False
True
Viz analysis usually follows the following flow. Data Abstraction is part of WHAT -> WHY -> HOW -> WHAT....... How? Why? What? None of the other options
What
Which of the following is a NOT spatiotemporal scenario? - a colony of penguins in southern hemisphere - migration of birds north to south across different seasons - ball movement in a basketball game - weather radar
a colony of penguins in southern hemisphere
Data abstraction is... - about putting a structure on data that is useful for Viz design - about generating and storing the data - about why are we building a Viz - about data pre-processing (transformation)
about putting a structure on data that is useful for Viz design
Which of the following is NOT a con of dot maps? - graph rendering could be slow - hard to get precise info/estimates - normalization - avoids region size issue of choropleth maps
avoids region size issue of choropleth maps
Marks
basic visual objects/units that represent data objects visually
Channel Popout
can things jump out using this channel
Union
combines data rows across matching columns
Which of Gestalt's principle explain the brain processing the graph well even without a y or an x-axis line? - connection - similarity - continuity - closure
continuity
When to use continuous versus stepped colors
continuous - exact values stepped - big picture
Profit is a numerical attribute in the following data. Profit values are - sequential - diverging - cyclic - none of the other options
diverging - has a distinct middle point (can go positive or negative so 0 is middle)
Which of the following statement is incorrect? - size affects color as a visual channel - color is a visual channel - everyone perceives color the same way - color can be decomposed into hue, saturation, luminance
everyone perceives color the same way
Which of the following item is not about channel effectiveness? - expressiveness - separability - popout - accuracy
expressiveness
When do we prefer a continuous sequential single-hue palette over a segmented single-hue palette? - focused on the precise estimates of values - focused on the overall trend/story and not the precise estimates of values - they have similar effectiveness, neither has a preference over the other - none of the other options
focused on the overall trend/story and not the precise estimates of values
Explanatory Analysis
focuses on specific things you want to explain, and a specific story you want to tell about that data
Ordered Sequential
for years, age, height, etc. us saturation or luminance
Tufte's Data Density
higher data density is usually preferred
Luminance
how bright (B/W)
Saturation
how colorful
Channel Discriminability
how many unique steps/values can we perceive
Channel Accuracy
how precisely can we tell the difference between encoded items
Color for Categorical Attributes
hue - fewer colors the better
Which of the following is the ideal model for visual encoding? - cieLAb - hue, saturation, luminance - hue, saturation, lightness/value - RGB
hue, saturation, luminance
Which of the following statements is correct? i) If you pivot two or more columns, it doesn't matter how many more than two; the output will always be two new columns. ii) Going from long to wide data means we will have more number of columns. iii) Tableau works better with wide data
i an ii
Which of the following is correct about designing for color deficiency? i) Use shape for encoding ii) Use luminance effectively iii) Focus on encoding with hue mostly
i and ii
Which of the following statements is correct? i) Marks are basic geometric objects that represent data items or links ii) Channels are visual variables that are used to represent data attributes iii) Visual Encoding is the process of deciding only the visual channels for data.
i and ii
According to Theory, which of the following statements is true? i) Human perception of length is (almost) perfect. ii) Human perception of area is almost as good as it is for lengths. iii) Human perception of Electrical shock is underestimated.
i only
Which of the following statements is correct about visual channels? i) Different types of channels must be used for Ordered and Categorical attributes. ii) The effectiveness principle is about making sure the right channel type is used for the given data type. iii) Spatial channels are not good for Human perception.
i only
Pre-attentive attributes invoke which kind of memory first. - long-term - short-term - all at the same time - iconic
iconic
Which of the following statements is correct? (i) Exploratory analysis is the focus of our course. (ii) Summarizing the data for the visualization should not be our default step. (iii) Knowing your audience is an integral part of Viz Design.
ii and iii
Tufte's recommends higher data density in a graphic, because (i) It's aesthetically pleasing (ii) more data is always better (iii) it leads to a better signal-to-noise ratio
iii only
Key
independent attribute that can be used as a unique index to look up items in a table
Item
individual entity, row
Which of the following is not particularly about identifying and removing clutter? - effective use of white space - integrating text and graphics - visual alignment - gestalt's principle of perception
integrating text and graphics
Which of the following is the most important feature of a visualization to answer different questions and possibly generate new questions/answers? - use of color - use or size or shape - interactivity - none of the other options
interactivity
Channel Separability
is our ability to use this channel affected by another channel
Cognitive Load
mental effort that is required to learn new information
A dataset with multiple tables in it is called - spatial - network - multi-dimensional table - none of the other options
multi-dimensional table
Color for Ordered Attributes
prefer luminance, but saturation works too
Attribute
property that is measured, observed, or logged, column
Text annotations and explainers on graphs are particularly useful when the audience is - an expert on the topic of discussion - technical audience, such as your team members - public - none of the other options
public
Link
relationship between items
Third Act of Storytelling
resolves the story and its subplots
Full Outer Join
returns all records from both tables
Left Join
returns all rows from the left table only matching from the right - only brings the values from right table that match the items in left
Right Join
returns all rows from the right table and only matching rows from the left table
Inner Join
returns only rows that occur in both tables using common column - only what both have in common
Which of the following is not an example of a Radial Orientation? - scatterplot matrix - radar plot - pie chart - coxcomb plot
scatterplot matrix
Design a color scheme that shows as much detail as possible about patterns in employment rates across states in the USA map. Which of the following is a suitable palette option for this task? - segmented sequential single hue palette - continuous sequential double hue palette - segmented diverging hue palette - continuous diverging hue palette
segmented sequential single hue palette
Which of the following is not necessarily part of learning Info Viz? - data and its abstraction - senses of hearing and touch - visual representation/graphs - perception
senses of hearing and touch
First Act of Storytelling
sets up the story - confronted with problem
Attribute is: - something that is measured or observed about an item - an individual entity - a relationship between items - location in space
something that is measured or observed about an item
Visual Channel - Color Data Type
suitable for categories
Visual Channel - Position Data Type
suitable for quantities
Ordered Diverging
temperature, profit, etc., use when there is a meaningful midpoint
Effectiveness Principle
the importance of the information should match the salience of the channel
Which of the following visual channel is usually NOT used for symbol maps? - shape - size - tilt/angle - color
tilt/angle
Stacked Bar Chart
two keys (categorical or ordinal), one value (quantitative)
Which of the following is NOT a major use of visualizations? - using viz for a problem which has a fully automated solution - generating hypothesis or making informed decisions - finding patterns - communication
using viz for a problem which has a fully automated solution
Expressiveness Principle
visual information should express all and only the information in the data
Information Viz, in general, is about: - visual representation of information/data to show the automated solution for a problem - audio representation of information/data to help people understand complex phenomenon - visual representation of information/data to help people understand complex phenomenon - none of the other options
visual representation of information/data to help people understand complex phenomenon
Visual Reasoning is usually faster and more reliable than mental reasoning because: - visual representations replace cognition with perception, which is quite fast for humans - our hearing abilities are superior than visual abilities - our brain is faster working with just numbers than a graph - none of the other options
visual representations replace cognition with perception, which is quite fast for humans
Visual Channels
visual variables we can use to represent attributes of these objects
Hue
what color
Exploratory Analysis
what you do to understand the data and figure out what might be noteworth or interesting to highlight to others
Which of the following statements is correct about long and wide data? - wide data usually have more rows, long data usually have less columns - wide data usually have more columns, long data usually have more rows - wide data usually have more rows, long data usually have more columns - none of the other options
wide data usually have more columns, long data usually have more rows
