Injury Care and Prevention Final

Visceral pain results from A. injury to an organ in thoracic or abdominal cavity B. injury to ligaments, muscle, or skin C. injury to bone D. referred pain

A. injury to an organ in thoracic or abdominal cavity

The amount of "give" within a joint's supportive tissue is termed A. laxity B. instability C. accessory movement D. passive movement

A. laxity

Somatic pain arises from A. skin, ligaments, muscles, bones, and joints B. organs in the abdominal cavity C. organs in the thoracic cavity D. referred pain sensation

A. skin, ligaments, muscles, bones, and joints

phagocytosis refers to A. the ingestion of cellular debris and waste products B. the development of secondary injury zone C. onset of vasodilation D. the release of mast cells

A. the ingestion of cellular debris and waste products

A commonly accepted cause of muscle cramps is biomechanical (electrolyte) imbalance A. true B. false

A. true

Articular cartilage is found at the end of long bones to provide cushioning to the adjoining bones A. true B. false

A. true

The MOI for stress fractures is typically repeated chronic lower magnitude forces A. true B. false

A. true

The difference between a dislocation and subluxations is that in a subluxation after the initial displacement of the bones they go back into their original location A. true B. false

A. true

The standard of care can be separated into Reasonable Person Standard of Care and also Professional Standard of Care and are set by government laws and professional organizations A. true B. false

A. true

flexibility can be defined as the total range of motion at a joint that occurs pain free A. true B. false

A. true

Which of the following best illustrates a diagnostic sign? A. visible edema B. they say they have blurred vision C. they feel nausea D. they say they have a headache

A. visible edema

Which of the following is NOT a performance domain for Athletic Trainers? A. prevention of athletic injuries B. clinical evaluation C. Immediate care D. treatment and rehabilitation E. all are performance domains

E. all are performance domains

Which hamstring muscle is most frequently injured? a) Semimembranosus b) Semitendinosus c) Biceps femoris d) All of the above

c) Biceps femoris

In the immediate management of a muscle strain, the cold application should last for A. 0-5 minutes B. 15-30 minutes C. 31-45 minutes D. 46-60 minutes

B. 15-30 minutes

How many ligaments are on the lateral side of the ankle A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

B. 3

A tendon begins to develop tears when it is stretched approximately _____% beyond normal length A. 2 to 4 B. 5 to 8 C. 9 to 10 D. 11 to 13

B. 5 to 8

In this type of muscle contraction there is concentric and eccentric phase but the speed of contraction varies from start to finish A. isometric B. Isotonic C. Isokinetic

B. Isotonic

Which of the following statements is true? A. a compression wrap should be applied in a proximal to distal direction B. a compression wrap should be applied in a distal to proximal direction C. once it's been applied, the patient should not feel any firmness from a compression wrap D.A wet compression wrap is contraindicated in managing an acute injury

B. a compression wrap should be applied in a distal to proximal direction

The beginning of the acute inflammatory phase of healing processes which A. produce scar tissue at the wound site B. act to stop blood loss from the wound- vasoconstriction C. increase the flow of blood to the wound area D. filling in th wound with new tissue

B. act to stop blood loss from the wound- vasoconstriction

The most common site for a muscle sprain is.... A. the muscle belly B. at the musculotendinous junction C. at the attachment of the proximal tendon to the bone D. at the attachment of the distal tendon to the bone

B. at the musculotendinous junction

Which of the following is a true statement? A. cardiorespiratory endurance is generally considered the LEAST important component of any fitness program B. cardiorespiratory endurance can be negatively affected in as little as 1-2 weeks of detraining C. the ACSM recommends 2 hours of cardio training every day D. all of the above

B. cardiorespiratory endurance can be negatively affected in as little as 1-2 weeks of detraining

A _________________ contraction involves a shortening of muscle fibers, which decreases the angle of associated joint A. isometric B. concentric C. eccentric D. dynamic

B. concentric

AROM testing helps determine possible damage to what type of tissue? A. ligaments B. contractile tissue like muscle, muscle-tendon junction, tendon C. bursa D. bone

B. contractile tissue like muscle, muscle-tendon junction, tendon

The ability of a muscle to be stretched is called A. contractility B. elasticity C. extensibility D. tension

B. elasticity

the ability of a muscle to return to its normal length is called: A. contractility B. elasticity C. extensibility D. tension

B. elasticity

A chronic injury is one that results from a single force A. true B. false

B. false

A tendon is typically 10x as strong as the muscle it serves A. true B. false

B. false

Abrasions, incisions and lacerations are all caused by tensile forces A. true B. false

B. false

In both a grade II sprain and a grade II strain there is a complete and total tearing of the tissue A. true B. false

B. false

Injuries to ligaments typically involve a tensile load being applied slowly to the joint A. true B. false

B. false

a track athlete specializing in the marathon would be better served by a higher proportion of type II fibers A. true B. false

B. false

This type of tort is whenever someone commits an act not their responsibility to perform( doing something when you should do nothing) A. nonfeasance B. malfeasance C. misfeasance D. negligence E. all of the above

B. malfeasance

Which of the following best describes how an injury occurs? A. outlook of injury B. mechanism of injury C. prognosis of injury D. outcome of injury

B. mechanism of injury

A tendon connects......... A. bone to bone B. muscle to bone C. bursae to bone D. tendon to bone

B. muscle to bone

This is the ability of a muscle to exert a repetitive tension (force) over an extended period of time A. muscular strength B. muscular endurance C. flexibility D. Cardiorespiratory endurance

B. muscular endurance

Visual analysis of overall appearance, symmetry, willingness and ability to move encompasses which part of the HOPS format? A. history B. observation C. proprioceptive input D. subjective survey

B. observation

A measurable physical finding regarding the individual's condition is called a: A. primary status B. sign C. level of consciousness D. symptom

B. sign

Inflammation of a muscle's connective tissue (where muscle attaches to bone) is called A. bursitis B. tendinitis C. myositis D. tenosynovitis

B. tendinitis

Which of the following statements is true? A. an exercise program can increase the NUMBER of muscle fibers B. the strength of a skeletal muscle is determined by the cross sectional diameter of the muscle fibers C. there are no gender difference with regard to the absolute strength of males and females D. muscle atrophy is influenced by gender

B. the strength of a skeletal muscle is determined by the cross sectional diameter of the muscle fibers

The __________ fibers have the fastest rate of contraction, but they are the most sensitive to fatigue A. type I B. type II C. type III D. none of the above

B. type II

An inversion ankle sprain occurs A. when the ankle rolls outward and tears the deltoid ligaments B. when you twist your foot upward and the ankle rolls inward C. when you twist your foot upward and the ankle rolls outward D. when you twist your ankle downward and outward

B. when you twist your foot upward and the ankle rolls inward

Which type of hamstring strain is where just a few fibres of the muscle are damaged or have ruptured? A. Grade I B. Grade II C. Grade III D. None of the above

A. grade I

How long is the recovery time for a Grade I ankle sprain? A. 2-3 weeks B. 4-6 weeks C. 3 to 6 months D. 9 to 12 months

A. 2-3 weeks

Immobilization can lead to a loss of muscle strength within A. 24 hours B. 48 hours C. 72 hours D. 3-5 days

A. 24 hours

The tensile strength of a wound 3-4 weeks post-injury is approximately _____ % of normal A. 25 B. 50 C. 75 D. 90

A. 25

In a static stretch, the action of the __________ enables a safer, more effective stretch by overriding certain mechanoreceptors A. Golgi tendon organs B. Chemoreceptors C. Ruffini's corpuscles D. Pacinian Corpuscles

A. Golgi tendon organs

A simple calculation for estimating maximum heart rate for cardiovascular training is A. HRmax= 220-age B. HRmax= 200- age C. HRmax= 180 + age D. HRmax= 220 + age

A. HRmax= 220-age

Based on the __________ principle, physiologic improvements will only occur when a person physically demands more of the muscles than is normally required A. Overload B. Individuality C. Specificity D. Progression

A. Overload

The ________ principle states that the body responds to a given demand with a specific and predictable adaptation A. SAID B. Individuality C. Specificity D. Progression

A. SAID

Dynamic strength involves which of the following A. an isotonic contraction B. an isometric contraction C. increased flexibility D. increased endurance

A. an isotonic contraction

A traditional immediate management for a mild ankle sprain should include A. application of an ice bag provided that does not cause more pain B. Ice massage C. Immersion in a cold whirlpool D. any of the above

A. application of an ice bag provided that does not cause more pain

__________ are characterized by an accumulation of fluid between the epidermis and dermis A. blisters B. skin bruises C. strains D. sprains

A. blisters

A ligament connects....... A. bone to bone B. muscle to bone C. bursae to bone D. tendon to bone

A. bone to bone

____________ is the primary component of skin, tendons and ligaments. It is a protein that resists tensile forces and have a wavy configuration that allows for an elastic type deformation or stretch A. collagen B. elastin C. tendon D. ligament E. all of the above

A. collagen

Bursitis is commonly caused by which type of force? A. compression B. tension C. shear

A. compression

Classify the following injury: MOI: Compression Can be both deep and superficial S & S: ecchymosis, hematoma, pain-localized, swelling A. contusion B. strain C. sprain D. skin injury E. bursitis

A. contusion

This form is a contract that releases a professional from liability to the individual executing the release and their legality vary from state to state A. exculpatory waiver B. informed consent C. Pre-participation examination D. assumption of risk document E. implied warranty

A. exculpatory waiver

How many hamstring muscles are there? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

C. 3

The proliferative phase of healing includes which of the following processes? I) phagocytosis II) angiogenesis III) fibrous tissue formation (fibroplasia) and re-epithelialization IV) wound contraction V) decreased fibroblast activity A. all of the above B. I, II, and III C. II, III, and IV D. II, IV, and V

C. II, III, and IV

Which of the following are characteristics of scar tissue? I) elastic II) fibrous III) inelastic IV) highly vascular with extraordinary, over-the-top blood supply V) nonvascular A. I, II, and IV B. II, III, and IV C. II, III, and V D. II and IV

C. II, III, and V

Which of the following stretching techniques involves a controlled passive relaxation of the muscle followed by a controlled active contraction of the muscle... then repeat the same procedure? A. Static B. Ballistic C. PNF D. Bouncing

C. PNF

Which testing involves performance of active movements typical of movements executed during sport or activity? A. PROM B. RROM C. activity-specific functional testing D. resistive

C. activity-specific functional testing

the mechanism injury of (MOI) for contusions is typically...... A. shearing B. tensile C. compression D. all of the above

C. compression

In the management of an acute injury, a compression wrap should be worn A. 20 min on and 1hr off throughout the time that the individual is awake B. constantly throughout the time that the individual is awake C. constantly throughout the time that the individual is awake and asleep D. 1 hr and 20 min off throughout the time that the individual is awake

C. constantly throughout the time that the individual is awake and asleep

In the history component of an assessment, information pertaining to the primary complaint focuses on A. mechanism of injury B. characteristics of the symptoms C. injured individual's perception of the current injury D. the status of the ABC's

C. injured individual's perception of the current injury

A strain is a injury to the........ A. bone B. ligament C. muscle/tendon D. all of the above

C. muscle/tendon

Movement of an affected part by another person or device without effort by the patient is _____________ exercise. A. active B. assistive C. passive D. resistive

C. passive

Each of the following is an indication (OK to use) for the application of cold, except for A. acute pain B. chronic pain C. people with hypertension D. chronic muscle spasm/ guarding

C. people with hypertension

Continuous passive movement can A. increase joint hemarthrosis B. increase joint swelling C. reduce the risk of developing joint adhesions D. delay the healing process

C. reduce the risk of developing joint adhesions

Hypoxia refers to the A. the death of living cells B. the destruction of tissue C. the disruption of oxygen supply D. inflammation

C. the disruption of oxygen supply

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the PRICE principle? A. control/reduce inflammation B. reduce pain C. reduce secondary hypoxia D. All ARE goals

D. All ARE goals

A disadvantage of isotonic training is.......... A. the expense of the equipment B. it only permits concentric contractions C. it does not permit exercise of multiple joints simultaneously D. a muscle can only move a load through the ROM with as much force as the muscle provides at its weakest point

D. a muscle can only move a load through the ROM with as much force as the muscle provides at its weakest point

Which of the following is an example of a chronic injury? A. glenohumeral dislocation B. iliac crest contusion C. ankle sprain that just happened D. achilles tendinitis

D. achilles tendinitis

Which of the following is an example of a chronic injury? A. glenohumeral dislocation B. iliac crest contusion C. an ankle sprain that just happened D. achilles tendinitis

D. achilles tendinitis

Which of the following is NOT assessed during neurologic testing? A. motor B. reflex C. sensation D. all ARE assessed

D. all ARE assessed

In order to prove negligence, which of the following needs to be present? A. there is a duty of care B. the duty of care was breached C. there was some sort of harm D. all of the above E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Signs and symptoms of of a first-time acute dislocation include A. pain B. deformity C. loss of limb function D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following are properties of muscle? A. produce skeletal muscle B. maintain postural alignment C. they are viscoelastic D. all of the above are properties of muscles E. A and B

D. all of the above are properties of muscles

The application of compression following an acute injury can do all of the following except A. decrease hemorrhage B. reduces the space available for fluid seepage C. encourage fluid reabsorption D. cut healing time in half

D. cut healing time in half

The functions of synovial fluid include all of the following except...... A. lubricate the joint B. reduce friction within the joint C. provide cushioning for the joint D. nourish the joint

D. nourish the joint

Elevation of an injured site can A. increase the space available for fluid seepage B. increase bleeding in the injured area C. decrease tissue metabolism D. prevent pooling of blood in the extremities

D. prevent pooling of blood in the extremities

information provided by the individual regarding their perception of the problem is called a: A. primary survey B. secondary survey C. sign D. symptom

D. symptom

While stretching for an overthrown ball a first baseman strained an adductor muscle. What type of force would have produced this injury? A. bending force B. comprehensive force C. shear force D. tensile force

D. tensile force

Which of the following best illustrates a symptom? A. deformity B. ecchymosis C. edema D. tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

D. tinnitus (ringing in the ears)