Inquizitive 2

The United States and the Soviet Union avoided nuclear war in the 1960s, despite major clashes over interventions in Cuba, Czechoslovakia, and elsewhere, because the United States' European allies in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization threatened to dissolve the alliance if war broke out.

False feedback: Collective security against the Soviet Union was the primary original purpose of NATO. NATO members have not always agreed on everything, but they have never threatened to abandon the United States in a war with the Soviet Union.

Place the following events related to World War II in chronological order.

First to last:Hyperinflation in Germany, Germany invades Poland, Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, US drops bombs

Put the following periods of history in chronological order.

First to last:Mercantilist Era, Pax Britannica, Great Depression, WW2, Cold War

Characterize each of the following events as examples of a move toward globalization, decolonization, or populism.

Globalization:-The European Union adopts a common currency. Populism:-Voters in the United Kingdom choose to have their country leave the European Union. Decolonization:-Nationalists in Kenya demand political autonomy from Britain.

What was the Bretton Woods System?

In 1944, representatives from 44 countries met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to design a new international monetary system that would facilitate postwar economic growth economic

Which of the following statements is the best description of economic developments following the Cold War?

Many formerly communist countries embraced capitalist economic reform including Vietnam and China. The European Union expanded its membership into eastern Europe. Every major country seemed committed to substantial involvement in world trade, investment, and finance. feedback: Because of these and other developments, by 2000 it was clear that the world economy was globalized.

Bretton Woods System

The economic order negotiated among allied nations at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in 1944, which led to a series of cooperative arrangements involving a commitment to relatively low barriers to international trade and investment.

Decolonization

The process by which former colonies gain their independence from the mother country

In the 1960s and 1970s, how did newly independent nations in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean respond to perceived economic inequalities in their relationship with the advanced industrial world?

They sought to organize as cartels to raise the prices of raw materials.

Treaty ofVersailles

Treaty held to discuss the end of WWI conditions

The nineteenth century saw the end of _____ trade as the dominant economic approach of most European powers. A new paradigm of _____ trade replaced it, which fostered a burst of economic globalization.

mercantilism, free trade

hegemony

the predominance of one nation-state over others

Economic instability was a key factor that contributed to the outbreak of World War II.

true

Peace of Westphalia (1648)

1. Ended the Thirty Years' War 2. Recognized Calvinism as a legally permissible faith 3. Recognized the sovereign independent authority of over 300 German states 4. Continued the political fragmentation of Germany 5. Granted Sweden additional territory, confirming its status as a major power 6. Acknowledged the independence of the United Provinces of the Netherlands

During the nineteenth century, ____was the most powerful state in the world and could be considered a _____ for much of that period because of its predominance.

1. Great Britain 2. hegemon feedback: There have been relatively few times in world history when there has been a clear hegemon. The U.S. after the end of the Cold War was the most recent.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

1949 alliance of nations that agreed to band together in the event of war and to support and protect each nation involved -in response to the threat of the Soviet Union

Gold Standard

A monetary system in which paper money and coins are equal to the value of a certain amount of gold 1870-1914 countries tied their currency to gold at a legally fixed price

Sovereignty

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. -needed to become a state

Warsaw Pact (1955)

An alliance between Russia and Eastern communist countries against Western capitalist countries 1955-1991

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

One of the most important challenges to American hegemony in the twenty-first century has come from the rise of ________, whose growing military power and massive economy have strained its relationship with the United States over the last 10 years.

China

Which of the following factors contributed to the process of decolonization in which former colonies achieved political independence from their colonizers?

Correct Answers: 1. The United States did not want to undermine its argument about the evils of Soviet domination. 2. Countries in the developing world turned inward, relying less on economic support from abroad and more on national industrial development of markets and products. 3. European powers were weakened by two devastating world wars. 4. American businesses desired fuller access to the markets of the developing world. Incorrect answers: The Soviet Union obtained both atomic and hydrogen bombs. feedback: The Soviet Union's nuclear capability was a key development of the Cold War. It did not contribute, however, to the process of decolonization, which resulted from changes in global economic conditions and power structures.

Which of the following groups were feared by the absolute monarchs who ruled Europe in the nineteenth century?

Correct answers: 1. socialists 2. democratic revolutionaries Incorrect answers: 1. pro-imperialist forces 2. the Concert of Europe

In the century from approximately 1815 to 1914, how did Britain promote peace?

Correct answers: It balanced power in continental Europe to prevent the supremacy of any one country. It maintained hegemony of the seas with the world's strongest navy. Incorrect answers: It pledged 3 percent of its GDP to foreign aid in poor countries. It sent election observers to monitor elections in countries around the world.

Which of the following actions are examples of mercantilist policy?

Correct answers: 1. The Spanish government controls its colonial gold mines in Mexico and Peru. 2. The Dutch government grants a trade monopoly to the Dutch East India Company. Incorrect answers: 1. The Holy Roman Emperor tries to impose Catholicism on Protestant areas of the empire. 2. Thirteen North American colonies declare independence from Britain and form a new country.

Which region of the world exerted substantial influence over much of the world by 1800, exercising direct rule over vast colonial possessions in the Western Hemisphere, India, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere?

Western Europe

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations -founded after WW1 -ended in 1946 and was replaced by the United Nations

Choose all of the following about the gold standard that are true.

correct answers: 1. It allowed for easier exchange between international currencies. 2. It meant that a country would allow its currency to be exchanged for gold at a preestablished rate. 3. It facilitated international trade, migration, and investment. incorrect answers: 1. It was initially adopted by the United States and then copied by others.

Which of these statements about the League of Nations are correct?

correct answers: 1. The League was created to ensure collective security among its members. 2. The League of Nations was formed in the wake of World War I. incorrect answers: 1.The League succeeded for 60 years, before it was renamed the United Nations. 2. The purpose of the League was to encourage freer trade among members.

Since 2000 there have been a number of military conflicts and diplomatic disputes around the globe. Which of the following pairs of countries or groups have experienced tensions, and even conflict, in the last 20 years?

correct answers: US and Russia, China and Japan, Arabs and Kurds Incorrect answers: United States and Britain China and Egypt

The trend from the 1500s to today has been one of steadily increasing economic openness as countries have gradually reduced formal barriers to international trade and finance.

false Openness to trade has waxed and waned over time. The mercantilist era witnessed high barriers to trade as countries competed with one another for power in part by imposing high tariffs and utilizing monopolies. The era from 1815 to 1914 saw a reduction in trade barriers as the Industrial Revolution created economic interests that benefited from trade. Barriers to trade were again increased following World War I, a time of high economic tension and insecurity, then again reduced in the age of globalization.