InQuizitive: Chapter 15 "What is freedom?": Reconstruction, 1865-1877

What does it reveal about the impact of emancipation?

-Former slaves occupied and farmed their own plots of land -former slaves no longer lived in communal housing, but had their own quarters -Former slaves built their own churches and schools on the plantation

What does it reveal about the relationships between freed blacks and former slaveowners after emancipation?

-Freed blacks and former slaveowners still interacted frequently after emancipation. -Freed blacks no longer had to show reverence to their former owners.

In what ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers?

-Freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner -freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day

Why did former slaves believe that landownership was the cornerstone of freedom?

-It allowed for the development of black communities independent of white control. -They were entitled to the land because of their unpaid labor.

carpetbaggers

-Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain. -Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. an insulting term used to describe a northerner who moved to the south after the civil war

Why did southerners oppose Reconstruction?

-Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped. -Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. -Reconstruction governments were corrupt.

scalawags

-These were wartime Unionists who cooperated with the Republicans to prevent "rebels" from returning to power. -Southern whites supported the Republican Party and were believed to be traitors to their race by many southern whites.

How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?

-They created state-run and funded institutions like orphanages, prisons, and homes for the insane. -They established a state-funded free public education system

How did the Reconstruction amendments change the Constitution?

-They established the federal government as the protector of rights. -They expanded the definition of citizenship to include non-whites.

Identify the functions of the black churches in the Reconstruction South.

-a political gathering spot -a place of worship -housed schools -a place for social gatherings

Identify the components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.

-abolition of slavery -pardon nearly all white southerners who took an --oath of allegiance to the Union -appointment of provisional governors -refusal to pay Confederate debts -repudiation of secession -state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments

Identify the statements that describe the objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.

-establish schools for blacks -settle disputes between blacks and whites -secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts -provide aid to the poor and aged

How did the Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves?

-prohibited blacks from serving on juries -denied blacks the right to serve in state militias -not allowed blacks to vote -denied blacks right to testify in court against whites

Identify the statements that describe sharecropping.

-required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year -preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision -guaranteed planters a stable labor force -a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' need to discipline their labor force

Why was education so important to freed blacks?

-wanted opportunity to take part in politics -wanted to read the Bible -wanted to participate in the economic marketplace

Identify the groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted.

-white Republicans -teachers -blacks who became landowners -African-American political leaders

How did Congress attempt to eradicate the power of the Ku Klux Klan?

Enforcement Acts

The Fourteenth Amendment established the principle of citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans. T or F?

False

The Republicans in Congress were unified in their vision for Reconstruction. T or F?

False

The United States was the only society to experience problems with labor during the transition from slavery to freedom. T or F?

False

Former slaves believed that their political freedom should include the right to vote. T or F?

True

Former slaves worked to reunite and stabilize their families in the Reconstruction period. T or F?

True

The Bargain of 1877 decided the election of 1876 in favor of the Republicans, while the Republicans promised to recognize Democratic control of the South, essentially ending Reconstruction. T or F?

True

The Fifteenth Amendment divided the women's movement, as some of its leaders, who were disappointed that it didn't enfranchise woman, separated from their former antislavery allies, while others stayed aligned with them in support of the greater cause for equal rights for all. T or F?

True

The Ku Klux Klan was a racially motivated terrorist organization that spread throughout the entire South during Reconstruction. T or F?

True

Identify the provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction

creation of new state governments, temporary division of the South into military districts, state guarantees of black men's right to vote, the Fourteenth Amendment

The former slaves defined freedom as the right to mobility, education, political participation, and ___________. Southern whites defined freedom as a ____________, not a right. Northern Republicans believed freedom was the right of labor to _________ and advance in society.

landownership, privilege, compete

Why did Congress bring articles of impeachment against Andrew Johnson?

violated the Tenure of Office Act