Inquizitive Integrating Sources
A writer is reading an article on the sexualization of women in advertising. He wants to use an idea from the source and include the author's main point and associated details. What is his best option?
paraphrase
Which of the following are attributes of a paraphrase?
Correct A paraphrase is usually about the same length as the original text. Writers paraphrase when both the details and the main points of the original text are relevant. Incorrect A paraphrase contains directly quoted material. A paraphrase maintains the same sentence structure as the original text.
What are some of the commonalities among the MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE documentation styles?
Correct Each requires acknowledgment of sources within the text and a detailed list of sources at the end of the text. Each requires basic information about the authors, titles, and publication of sources. Incorrect Each requires a works-cited page. Each values a thorough introduction to a source using a signal phrase.
A student comes across the statistic that more than five million men and women worldwide make use of Planned Parenthood's services annually. He finds this information in the following article: "Planned Parenthood: Should the federal government allocate taxpayer money to Planned Parenthood?" Issues & Controversies, 19 Feb. 2016. Infobase, http://icof.infobaselearning.com.cscc.ohionet.org/recordurl.aspx?ID=2505. Accessed 20 May 2018. Because he's using just the statistic, he only needs to include this citation in his works-cited list, reference list, or bibliography. He does not need to include a signal phrase or in-text citation in his paper.
False
Consider the following passage about the color pink: "After some psychologists were able to show that certain shades of pink reduced aggression, it was famously used in prison cells to limit aggression in inmates. Yet pink toes a shaky line. Is it a benign means of subtle manipulation? a tool to humiliate? an outgrowth of gender stereotyping? Or [is it] some combination of the three?" Source Citation: Irish, Julie. "Can Pink Really Pacify?" The Conversation, 27 Sept. 2018, https://theconversation.com/can-pink-really-pacify-102696. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018. A writer referencing this source material writes: In "Can Pink Really Pacify?," Julie Irish, assistant professor of interior design at Iowa State University: "Yet pink toes a shaky line. Is it a benign means of subtle manipulation? a tool to humiliate? an outgrowth of gender stereotyping? Or [is it] some combination of the three?" This writer has effectively used signal phrases.
False
Patchwriting while paraphrasing is considered plagiarism, even when the source is documented. To avoid patchwriting, which of the following should you do?
Read a passage carefully, then put it away and try to write the ideas in your own words. Look bacK and check for accuracy.
Consider the following passage from an article about the rise in three-generation households: In a recent study, I discovered that the number of kids living with their parents and grandparents—in what demographers call a three-generation household—has nearly doubled over the past two decades.Why has this been happening? And is it a good thing or a bad thing?The answers are complex. The reasons for the trend are as broad as social forces—like a decline in marriage rates—to unique family circumstances, like the loss of a parent's job.The trend is worth studying because by better understanding who children live with, we can design better policies aimed at helping kids. Programs targeting kids usually overlook these other people living under the same roof. But odds are that if grandma's there, she matters, too. Source Citation: Pilkauskas, Natasha. "What's behind the Dramatic Rise in 3-Generation Households?" The Conversation, 7 Nov. 2018, https://theconversation.com/whats-behind-the-dramatic-rise-in-3-generation-households-104523. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018. After referencing this passage, a writer includes the below paragraph in her essay. Decide whether any of the material was plagiarized, and if so, which kind of plagiarism it was. I teach at a local middle school, and we rely on parent/teacher conferences to help us connect with the family, who ideally is the support system for the children. Research shows that it's increasingly more likely that children's support system at home includes grandparents—that children come from a multi-generation home. If a child is doing poorly in school, there are many factors that could be at play. It's important for teachers to find ways to involve everyone at the home in the success of the child's education and to encourage frequent communication with teachers about co-authored strategies for helping the students.
Yes, some material was plagiarized. The writer used the ideas of a source without acknowledging and documenting the source.
A writer is doing a research project about whether athletes' self-talk affects their performance. He collects some interviews with well-respected athletes in his community and decides to include a particular response from one of the athletes. Would it be best to quote, paraphrase, or summarize the response?
quote (Quoting is useful when the specific wording of a text or statement is important. In this case, readers would likely be interested in hearing the athlete's exact words, and the athlete's words would also lend support to the writer's argument, so the writer should quote the athlete's response.)
A writer working on a research paper finds an article with some information that she thinks might be useful for her project. Which of the following factors is most important to consider when deciding whether to quote or paraphrase the information?
whether the exact working of the source material is worth repeating
A paraphrase does not need to be cited; the information is considered common knowledge. Only direct quotations need to be cited.
False (You should always indicate where source material comes from, whether you are paraphrasing, quoting, or summarizing it. Even if you use your own words, the ideas and information still come from another source.)
It's never okay to omit words from a quote, even when they are tangential to the main idea.
False (Words, phrases, and sentences can be omitted from a quote if they are unnecessary, as long as you use ellipses to show anything you've omitted and brackets to indicate anything you've modified to make the quotation fit smoothly into your text.)
A writer is researching joblessness in the European Union, and he decides to use information from the chart on the right in his paper. Which of the following options is the most appropriate way to discuss this type of source material?
In 2018, according to the Pew Research Center's analysis of Eurostat data, the United Kingdom has a 4.2% jobless rate compared to Austria, which was at 5.0% (see Figure A).
Sort the following signal phrase verbs by whether they show agreement or disagreement with a source or whether they are neutral. 1. agreement 2. disagreement 3. neutral
1. confirm, agree, concur, acknowledge 2. disagree, reject, argue, deny, dispute 3. observe, claim, respond, assert
Consider the following passage from an article about cyberbullying:"Demands for improving online safety continue to capture headlines, often for the worst reasons. While this outcry has signalled renewed interest in 'stamping out' cyberbullying and reinvigorated health and wellbeing protocols for young people, interventions continue to fall behind the fast-paced development of communication devices and the take-up of new social media by teenagers." Source Citation: Thompson, Roberta. "Combatting Online Bullying is Different for Girls and Boys: Here's Why." The Conversation, 22 Feb. 2018, https://theconversation.com/combatting-online-bullying-is-different-for-girls-and-boys-heres-why-91837. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018. Click or tap on any parts of the paraphrase below that borrow too much of the original language or change it only slightly. If there are no parts like this, click the "No Errors" button. Post-doc research fellow Roberta Thompson of Griffith University writes about the continued call in the media for better ways to help improve online safety. She recognizes that people have responded to this call, but that the efforts being made fall behind the creation and adoption of new ways to connect.
1. improving online safety 2. fall behind
What are some of the methods writers can use to avoid plagiarizing?
Correct Make sure to use your own phrasing and sentence structure when writing paraphrases and summaries. Take careful notes while reading source material, clearly label quotations with quotation marks, and keep track of the source information. Keep track of the source the original content is from. Incorrect When in doubt, don't quote source material—that way you don't have to worry about doing it incorrectly. Copy and paste useful quotes by themselves into a Word document. It's better to go back and find the source attribution information at a later date. For web sources, be sure to include on the bibliography page just the URLs of all source material used.
Which of the following style decisions should be made for long quotations that need to be formatted in block style?
Correct Set the quotation off from the text by indenting it from the left margin. Document the source. Incorrect Use quotation marks around the quotation.
Consider the following passage from an article about academic exclusivity: "It examines some overlooked ways in which schools and colleges themselves reinforce cluelessness and thus perpetrate the misconception that the life of the mind is a secret society for which only an elite few qualify."—Gerald Graff, Clueless in Academe, page 1 Which of the following sentences accurately quotes from this passage (using MLA style guidelines)?
Gerald Graff argues that colleges leave many students with "the misconception that the life of the mind is a secret society for which only an elite few qualify" (1).
Consider the following passage from a document about drunk driving:Alcohol level is measured by the weight of the alcohol in a certain volume of blood. This is called Blood Alcohol Concentration, or BAC. At a BAC of .08 grams of alcohol per deciliter of blood (g/dL), crash risk increases exponentially. Because of this risk, it's illegal in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico to drive with a BAC of .08 or higher. However, even a small amount of alcohol can affect driving ability. In 2016, there were 2,017 people killed in alcohol-related crashes where drivers had lower alcohol levels (BACs of .01 to .07 g/dL). Source Citation: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. "Drunk Driving." National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, https://www.nhtsa.gov/risky-driving/drunk-driving. Accessed 14 Nov. 2018. A writer includes the below paragraph in his paper about the dangers of drinking and driving. Click or tap on any sentences that should use signal phrases and/or in-text citations to clarify which ideas the writer got from the source material above. Too many people drive when they have been drinking, putting themselves and others at risk. No amount of convenience is worth the risk of hurting others or oneself or getting a drunk driving charge, which comes with very high monetary penalties. People need to make alternate plans before they start drinking, because after they have been drinking, they can be fooled by thinking themselves more capable than they actually are. Research shows that people can be affected even from very small amounts of alcohol.
Research shows that people can be affected even from very small amounts of alcohol.
Click or tap on each signal phrase in the passage below. If there are no signal phrases, click or tap "No signal phrase." In today's health care system, no one person—maybe not even you—knows exactly what drugs you're taking. What's more, no one health care provider knows how you, the patient, take your medications and at what doses. No single, up-to-date record consistently displays all of this important information. The lack of an accurate medication list, and the associated lack of centralized and expert management of your full drug regimen, has serious consequences. A 2016 study at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine suggested that medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the United States. Many of these deaths are directly related to errors associated with medications. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates one million visits to emergency rooms each year stem from adverse medication events. In addition, thousands of people are harmed by suboptimal medication management, or because they don't take their medications as directed. And millions of health care dollars are wasted each year in the form of duplicated or unneeded drugs and medication-related hospital readmissions. Source Citation: Guglielmo, B. Joseph. "How Pharmacists Can Help Solve Medication Errors." The Conversation, 9 Aug. 2018, https://theconversation.com/how-pharmacists-can-help-solve-medication-errors-98527. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018.
1. A 2016 study at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine suggested that 2. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates
Match each set of disciplines with the documentation style that it commonly uses. 1. MLA (Modern Language Association) 2. CSE (Council of Science Editors) 3. APA (American Psychological Association) 4. Chicago (University of Chicago Press)
1. English, foreign languages, and other humanities 2. physical and biological sciences and mathematics 3. psychology and other social sciences 4. history, philosophy, and other humanities
Each documentation style has its own conventions regarding the verb tenses that are used in signal phrases. Match the signal phrases to the citation style, according to their verb types. 1. MLA 2. APA
1. Franklin notes, ... 2. Dowdell, et. al (1998) have observed ... 2. Dowdall (1998) observed ...
Consider the following passage from an article about online social networking and addiction:Researchers have suggested that the excessive use of new technologies (and especially online social networking) may be particularly addictive to young people. In accordance with the biopsychosocial framework for the etiology of addictions and the syndrome model of addiction, it is claimed that those people addicted to using [social networking sites] experience symptoms similar to those experienced by those who suffer from addictions to substances or other behaviors. This has significant implications for clinical practice because unlike other addictions, the goal of [social networking sites] addiction treatment cannot be total abstinence from using the Internet per se since the latter is an integral element of today's professional and leisure culture. Source Citation: Kuss, Daria J., and Mark D. Griffiths. "Online Social Networking and Addiction—a Review of the Psychological Literature." International journal of environmental research and public health, vol. 8, no. 9, 2011, pp. 3528-52. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018. A writer includes the below paragraph in his paper about the dangers of drinking and driving. Click or tap on any sentences that should use signal phrases and/or in-text citations to clarify which ideas the writer got from this source material. Click or tap on words, phrases, or items in the passage below to complete the question as instructed. It often seems that people follow others' lives on social media to the exclusion of living (and being content with) their own lives. People wake up to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat feeds and can't wait to click to the latest text and images about what 'better' things others are doing with their lives and about all the ways they are 'happier.' Some research uses the term 'addiction' in relation to an obsession with using social media and suggests that this might be especially problematic for young people. The research also raises the problem that unlike with other addictions, people cannot simply abandon the internet as they seek treatment because it is so integrated into everyone's everyday lives.
1. Some research uses the term 'addiction' in relation to an obsession with using social media and suggests that this might be especially problematic for young people. 2. The research also raises the problem that unlike with other addictions, people cannot simply abandon the internet as they seek treatment because it is so integrated into everyone's everyday lives.
When you quote from a source, you reproduce the source exactly, though you can omit unnecessary details or modify the quotation to fit smoothly into your text. When should you use the following punctuation marks to indicate that you've modified a quotation?
1. This punctuation is used to show that you have omitted unnecessary information from the quotation.... Correct label: ... 2. This punctuation is used to show that you have added or modified words to make the quotation fit smoothly into your text.[ ] Correct label: [ ]
Click or tap on each signal phrase in the passage below. If there are no signal phrases, click or tap "No signal phrase." For me, as for others, the Net is becoming a universal medium, the conduit for most of the information that flows through my eyes and ears and into my mind. The advantages of having immediate access to such an incredibly rich store of information are many, and they've been widely described and duly applauded. "The perfect recall of silicon memory," Wired's Clive Thompson has written, "can be an enormous boon to thinking." But that boon comes at a price. As the media theorist Marshall McLuhan pointed out in the 1960s, media are not just passive channels of information. They supply the stuff of thought, but they also shape the process of thought. And what the Net seems to be doing is chipping away my capacity for concentration and contemplation. My mind now expects to take in information the way the Net distributes it: in a swiftly moving stream of particles. Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski. Source Citation: Carr, Nicholas. "Is Google Making Us Stupid?" The Atlantic, July/August 2008, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/306868/. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018.
1. Wired's Clive Thompson has written, 2. As the media theorist Marshall McLuhan pointed out in the 1960s,
Drag the signal phrase verbs below into the appropriate blanks. Drinking milk as an important health practice is not something that everyone accepts without question anymore. Substitute milks are very popular on the market for various health, environmental, and animal-related reasons, but for those who can and do want to drink dairy milk, the question arises as to whether they should just because they might like it, or whether there is a health-related purpose as well. Milk producers support the idea that milk is an important component of daily health. The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), in an ... article for iofbonehealth.org titled "Milk and Other Dairy Foods Are Good for Bone Health," -Press Space to opendisputesconcurs: "Evidence strongly supports the benefits of dairy products for bone and muscle health. Studies have shown that bone loss is reduced and there is an improvement in muscle mass and strength with adequate dairy intake." In contrast, however, Emil Q. Javier, PhD, former president of the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) (Philippines), in an ... article for the Manila Bulletin titled "Whole Foods and Plant-Based Diets for Longer Healthier Lives (Part III)," -Press Space to opendisputesconcurs the claim of increased health through milk: "American women aged 50 and older who consume more cow's milk and dairy products per person than the rest of the world have one of the highest rates of hip fractures. The only countries with higher hip fracture rates are Australia, New Zealand and those in Europe where they consume even more milk than the United States." Source Citation: "Is Drinking Milk a Good Way to Build Strong Bones?" ProCon.org., 4 Oct. 2018, milk.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=000828. Accessed 14 Nov. 2018.
1. concurs 2. disputes
When you incorporate source materials into your own writing, you'll need to decide how to do so—whether to quote, paraphrase, or summarize. Usually, you'll decide what to do based on how you are using each source. In the following situations, should you quote, summarize, or paraphrase? 1. summarize 2. paraphrase 3. quote
1. when the main points are important but the details are not 2. when the wording isn't important but there are details you need to include 3. when the wording is worth repeating 3. when the writer wants to cite the exact words of a known authority on the topic 3. when a source's specific opinions challenge or disagree with those of others
Read the following sentences and determine whether the MLA-style documentation in each is correct.
Charles Puzzanchera notes that almost half of the people arrested for arson in 2008—47 percent—were juveniles (2). Almost half of the people arrested for arson in 2008—47 percent—were juveniles (Puzzanchera 2).
Consider the following passage from a document about increases in college tuition and fees:"Whether your kids are off to nursery school, college, or a private elementary or high school, paying for tuition, housing, textbooks, and other school-related expenses may pose a challenge to the family budget. From January 2006 to July 2016, the Consumer Price Index for college tuition and fees increased 63 percent, compared with an increase of 21 percent for all items. Over that period, consumer prices for college textbooks increased 88 percent and housing at school (excluding board) increased 51 percent." Source Citation: Bureau of Labor Statistics. "College tuition and fees increase 63 percent since January 2006." Bureau of Labor Statistics, 30 Aug. 2016, https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2016/college-tuition-and-fees-increase-63-percent-since-january-2006.htm. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018. A writer includes the below paragraph in his paper about the cost of textbooks. Click or tap on any sentences that should use signal phrases and/or in-text citations to clarify which ideas the writer got from this source material. Click or tap on words, phrases, or items in the passage below to complete the question as instructed. The high cost of textbooks has been a problem for many college students for a while. From 2006 to 2016, "consumer prices for college textbooks increased 88 percent." Students, whether traditional or returning, often have many obstacles in front of them when they are considering going to college, including full work schedules, family responsibilities, as well as many other issues, and textbook cost is hopefully one obstacle that can be removed. Colleges are working hard to find ways to help students with this issue, one of which is providing lower cost or free e-textbooks.
From 2006 to 2016, "consumer prices for college textbooks increased 88 percent."
Consider the following passage from an article about hate speech in social media: Shortly after the synagogue shooting in Pittsburgh, I noticed that the word 'Jews' was trending on Twitter. As a social media researcher and educator, I became concerned that the violence would spread online, as it has in the past.The alleged synagogue shooter's activity on the Gab social media site has drawn attention to that site's role as a hate-filled alternative to more mainstream options like Facebook and Twitter. Those are among the social media platforms that have promised to fight hate speech and online abuse on their sites.However, as I explored online activity in the wake of the shooting, it quickly became clear to me that the problems are not just on sites like Gab. Rather, hate speech is still easy to find on mainstream social media sites, including Twitter. I also identified some additional steps the company could take. Source Citation: Grygiel, Jennifer. "Hate Speech is Still Easy to Find on Social Media." The Conversation, 31 Oct. 2018, https://theconversation.com/hate-speech-is-still-easy-to-find-on-social-media-106020. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018. Which of the paragraphs below appropriately incorporates this source material?
In "Hate Speech Is Still Easy to Find on Social Media," Jennifer Grygiel, assistant professor of communications at Syracuse University, writes, "[H]ate speech is still easy to find on mainstream social media sites, including Twitter." Grygiel is suggesting that hate speech occurs on many popular social media sites, not just on site known specifically for hate speech.
Consider the following passage from an article about teenagers and anxiety: Adolescence is the life stage when mental illnesses are most likely to emerge, with anxiety disorders being the most common. Recent estimates suggest that over 30 percent of teens have an anxiety disorder. That means about one of every three teenagers is struggling with anxiety that significantly interferes with their life and is unlikely to fade without treatment.Kayla is the anxious teen protagonist in the recent movie Eighth Grade. From the acne peeking out through her makeup to the frequent "likes" that punctuate her speech, she seems to be a quintessentially awkward teen. Inside her mind, though, the realities of social anxiety meet the typical storm and stress of adolescence. Through its warm yet heart-wrenchingly truthful portrayal of an awkward and anxious teen, Eighth Grade provides a relatable character for identifying and understanding how teen anxiety can really look and feel. Source Citation: Odriozola, Paola, and Dylan Gee. "Developing Teen Brains Are Vulnerable to Anxiety—But Treatment Can Help." The Conversation, 2 Nov. 2018, https://theconversation.com/developing-teen-brains-are-vulnerable-to-anxiety-but-treatment-can-help-105541. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018. A writer wants to quote from the passage above, but he wants to make it more concise without losing the author's meaning. He believes that he can take out some sentences that provide supporting details but are not needed to convey the main point. Select the correct option for doing so.
Odriozola and Gee write, "Adolescence is the life stage when mental illnesses are most likely to emerge, with anxiety disorders being the most common....Through its warm yet heart-wrenchingly truthful portrayal of an awkward and anxious teen, Eighth Grade provides a relatable character for identifying and understanding how teen anxiety can really look and feel."
Consider the following quotation from an article about the horse Seabiscuit:"Seabiscuit was not an impressive-looking horse. He was considered quite lazy, preferring to eat and sleep in his stall rather than exercise. He'd been written off by most of the racing industry after losing his first 17 races." Source Citation: Tammariello, Steven. "Can Seabiscuit's DNA Explain His Elite Racing Ability?" The Conversation, 29 Oct. 2018, https://theconversation.com/can-seabiscuits-dna-explain-his-elite-racing-ability-104099. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018. The sentence below quotes from the source material above. Click or tap on any word or words in the sentence below that should be enclosed in brackets. If there are no words that should be changed, click the "No Errors" button. Steven Tammariello, author of "Can Seabiscuit's DNA Explain His Elite Racing Ability?" writes, "Seabiscuit was considered quite lazy, preferring to eat and sleep in his stall rather than exercise."
Seabiscuit
A writer references a source entitled "Can Seabiscuit's DNA Explain His Elite Racing Ability?" in his paper. Which signal phrase best establishes the source's authority and credibility?
Steven Tammariello, associate professor of biological sciences at Binghamton University, writes,
A writer has included the following sentence in his paper about daylight savings time, but he isn't sure that his readers will know what biannual means. Edit the sentence to clarify the definition of biannual. Michael Downing, author of "100 Years Later, the Madness of Daylight Saving Time Endures," writes, "One hundred years after Congress passed the first daylight saving legislation, more and more people are doubting the wisdom of changing the clocks. In August, the EU Commission proposed ending the biannual practicePress Space to openending the biannual [twice-a-year] practiceending the twice-a-year practiceending the biannual (twice-a-year) practice. Last winter, lawmakers in Florida passed the 'Sunshine Protection Act,' which will make daylight saving a year-round reality in the Sunshine State." Source Citation: Downing, Michael. "100 Years Later, the Madness of Daylight Saving Time Endures." The Conversation, 9 Mar. 2018, https://theconversation.com/100-years-later-the-madness-of-daylight-saving-time-endures-93048. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018.
ending the biannual [twice-a-year] practice
A writer is writing a literary analysis of To Kill a Mockingbird, and she finds several earlier scholarly analyses of the book that she disagrees with. She disagrees with one analysis in particular, and she decides to argue against its thesis statement. Would it be best for the writer to quote, paraphrase, or summarize the thesis statement she disagrees with?
quote (The wording of a thesis statement is especially important, because the thesis statement tells the reader what the rest of the paper will contain. Since the writer wants to argue against the thesis statement specifically, the writer should quote the statement directly.)
A writer is writing a research paper about rising sea levels and wants to mention a variety of general theories in the introduction. She's found multiple passages in a few articles about sea levels rising, and she wants to talk about some of the main ideas they bring up. Would it be best for the writer to quote, paraphrase, or summarize the articles?
summarize (A summary is useful when you want to condense a text down to its main points. In this case, the writer wants to convey in her own words the main points of multiple passages, so she should summarize the articles.)
