Integrated Physics and Chemistry (IPC) Unit 8 Answers PHS

Which object has more thermal energy?

100 ml of water at 100 °C

Any part of the universe that is selected for studying is called ___.

a thermodynamic system

Waves carry ___ as they travel through different media.

energy

Waves carry ___ as they travel through different mediums.

energy

The law that states when heat is added to a system, it will equally transform to a different form of energy is the ___.

first law of thermodynamics

Which type of wave is this? (straight slinky)

longitudinal

If the particles of a substance are moving slowly, the temperature will be ____.

lower

The type of wave that uses matter to carry energy is called a ___.

mechanical wave

The state of matter through which mechanical waves travel is called a ___.

medium

If 500 ml of a liquid that is 75 °C is mixed with another 500 ml of liquid that is 75 °C, will heat flow between them?

no

In a(n) ___ system, heat energy can be added to do work.

open

The electromagnetic waves, shown in the electromagnetic spectrum, are all ____________ waves.

transverse

Which type of wave is this? (curvy slinky)

transverse

A repeating disturbance or movement that travels through matter or space is called a ___.

wave

What is A on the wave diagram?

wavelength

Heat energy can be used to make ___.

work occur

If a wave of 1 cm displacement upward overlaps with a wave 1 cm displacement downward, what is the displacement of the resultant wave?

0 (zero) cm

Counting from crest to crest, how many wavelengths are in wave B?

2

If a wave of 1 cm displacement upward overlaps with a wave 1 cm displacement upward, what is the displacement of the resultant wave?

2 cm upward

Which object has more thermal energy, 200 ml of water at 55 °C or 100 ml of water at 55 °C?

200 ml

Which object has more thermal energy?

300 ml of water at 90 °C

Counting from crest to crest, how many wavelengths are in wave A?

4

Which object has more thermal energy, 200 ml of water at 55 °C or 200 ml of water at 75 °C?

75℃

Which of the waves has a higher frequency?

A

Which of the waves has a lower frequency?

B

___ causes waves to spread out when they hit an obstacle.

Diffraction

_____________ theory is a historical definition of heat as an invisible fluid.

Caloric

____ is the movement of heat between objects that are touching.

Conduction

______________ is the movement of heat between objects that are touching.

Conduction

___ is the circular movement of heat inside a liquid or a gas.

Convection

Which of the following best explains why hot air and liquids rise and cool air and liquids sink?

Cooler molecules are denser, so they sink. Hotter molecules are less dense, so they rise.

Air conditioners are devices that get around the first law of thermodynamics so that heat can move from cold to hot. (T/F)

False; Air conditioners are devices that get around the second law of thermodynamics so that heat can move from cold to hot.

Historically, heat was thought to be an invisible fluid that flowed from cold to hot regions. (T/F)

False; Historically, heat was thought to be an invisible fluid that flowed from hot to cold regions.

In a closed system, heat energy can be added to do work. (T/F)

False; in an open system, heat energy can be added to do work.

______________ is the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point each second in a wave.

Frequency

How are thermal energy and temperature different?

Thermal energy is dependent on mass, while temperature is not.

___________ is thermal energy that is transferred between substances.

Heat

Which of the following statements is true?

In cold objects, the kinetic energy of particles is slow.

_____________ is the transformation of heat into mechanical energy.

Thermodynamics

Why do houses have insulation in the attic?

Insulation prevents warm air from flowing out when it is cold outside. It also keeps hot air from flowing into the building when it is hot outside.

Label the placements on the wave diagram. A. B. C. D. E.

Label the placements on the wave diagram. wavelength amplitude compression rarefaction compression

Label the the placements on the wave diagram. A B C D

Label the the placements on the wave diagram. crest trough wavelength amplitude

What wave is this? (long, straight slinky)

Longitudinal wave

a wave that forms when matter in the medium vibrates back and forth in the same direction of the wave

Longitudinal wave

also referred to as compressional waves

Longitudinal wave

How are thermal energy and temperature the same?

They both depend on the kinetic energy of the particles of matter.

Match the heating systems with the descriptions. forced air electric heating system radiator heating system

Match the heating systems with the descriptions. With this type of system, heated air travels through the ducts. Eventually, it is forced out through the vents, heating different areas of a home or building. Electrically heated coils are placed in strategic locations in the walls of a building. As these coils get warm, heat transfers to the surrounding air by conduction. Heat then transfers from room to room by convection. The thermal energy in the hot water (or steam) is transferred to the air that surrounds the radiator. This transfer of energy takes place by conduction. In order for warm air to circulate around the house, it must travel by convection.

Match the terms with the definitions. conduction convection radiation

Match the terms with the definitions. requires objects to touch each other; happens mostly in solids moves in gases or liquids moves through empty space, solids, liquids, and gases

Match the terms with the definitions. heat temperature thermal energy

Match the terms with the definitions. thermal energy that is transferred between substances the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance the total amount of kinetic energy of every particle in a substance

Match the terms with the definitions. caloric theory closed system first law of thermodynamics open system second law of thermodynamics thermodynamics thermodynamics system

Match the terms with the definitions. a historical definition of heat as an invisible fluid a system where heat does not flow across the boundary a law that states that when heat is added to a system, it will equally transform into a different form of energy a system where heat flows across the boundary, causing energy to be added to the system a law that states heat will never flow from cold objects to hot objects the transformation of heat into mechanical energy any part of the universe that is selected for studying

Match the terms with the definitions. amplitude compressions crest frequency period rarefaction wavelength trough

Match the terms with the definitions. the property of a wave that is equal to half the distance between a crest and trough dense regions in a longitudinal wave the highest part of a wave the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point each second in a wave the amount of time it takes a wavelength to pass a certain point less dense regions in a longitudinal wave where the wave is spread apart the distance from crest to crest or trough to trough in a wave the lowest part of a wave

Match the terms with the definitions. angle of incidence constructive interference destructive interference diffraction law of reflection reflection refraction wave interference

Match the terms with the definitions.check the angle at which light enters and strikes an object a form of interference that occurs when the crest of one wave overlaps with the crest of a different wave a form of interference that occurs when the crest of one wave overlaps the trough of another wave when a wave bends around an object the angle of the incoming wave must equal the angle it forms as an outgoing wave when a wave hits a surface and then bounces off it when a wave changes direction because of speed as it travels from one material to another a wave behavior that occurs when two waves are combined and form a new wave

Match the words with the correct placements in the wave diagram. A B C D

Match the words with the correct placements in the wave diagram. trough wavelength amplitude crest

___ is a form of energy transfer that occurs by electromagnetic waves.

Radiation

___ is the most important way heat moves.

Radiation

____________ is a form of energy transfer that occurs by electromagnetic waves.

Radiation

___ can create mirror images on smooth, polished surfaces.

Reflection

___ is responsible for people seeing specific colors.

Reflection

____________ is when a wave hits a surface and then bounces off it.

Reflection

___ can cause objects to look bent, broken, smaller, or bigger.

Refraction

___ can cause these lines to look bent.

Refraction

____________ occurs when a wave changes direction because of speed as it travels from one material to another.

Refraction

What is specific heat?

Specific heat is a way to measure how much energy is required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C.

_____________ states that the angle of the incoming wave must equal the angle it forms as an outgoing wave.

The law of reflection

What happens to the waves in constructive interference?

The waves get larger.

What happens to the waves in destructive interference?

The waves get smaller.

____________ is the total amount of kinetic energy of every particle in a substance.

Thermal energy

How are thermal energy and temperature different?

Thermal energy depends on mass.

What wave is this? (long, wavy slinky) (I couldn't get a close enough picture to the one in the lesson, sorry)

Transverse wave

a wave that forms when matter vibrates at right angles to the direction of the wave

Transverse wave

a type of mechanical wave

Transverse wave Longitudinal wave

an earthquake

Transverse wave Longitudinal wave

French physicist Sadi Carnot observed that heat flow could be used to do work. (T/F)

True

In a closed system, energy flow remains constant. (T/F)

True

Why is weather in coastal communities more mild? Communities that are next to the ocean do not experience drastic weather changes (becoming extremely hot or extremely cold). Rather, the temperature stays within a small range. Using what you know about specific heat, why is the weather in coastal communities more mild?

Water has a high specific heat. That means it takes much more energy from the Sun to raise the temperature of the water in coastal communities, which makes their weather more mild.

___________ is a wave behavior that occurs when two waves are combined and form a new wave.

Wave interference

What is B on the wave diagram?

amplitude

What is C on the wave diagram?

compression

The metal throughout a car enables heat to travel easily through it. The metal is a(n) ___.

conductor

Which type of wave interference is this? (The crest of one wave overlaps with the crest of a different wave)

constructive

Which type of wave interference is this? (crest of one wave overlaps with the crest of a different wave)

constructive

The circular movement of heat inside a liquid or a gas is called _____________.

convection

The rule for ___ is that "hot air rises, and cold air sinks."

convection

Which type of wave interference is this? (crest of one wave overlaps the trough of another wave)

destructive

Which type of wave interference is this? (the crest of one wave overlaps the trough of another wave)

destructive

What does this diagram represent?

diffraction

Radiation flows easiest between ___.

gases

Frequency is measured in __________, which is equal to 1/s.

hertz

Heat flows from an object at a _________ temperature to one with a lower temperature.

higher

Heat flows from an object at a/the ___ temperature to one with a/the ___ temperature.

higher; lower

The angle at which light enters and strikes an object is called the angle of __________.

incidence

As kinetic energy of a substance increases, the temperature of the substance ____.

increases

The fabric seats in a car do not let heat travel easily through them. The fabric seats are ___.

insulators

The Sun heats the Earth through ___.

radiation

What is D on the wave diagram?

rarefaction

What causes a mirror image of the mountains in the water?

reflection

The rule to remember with convection is that "hot air ___ and cold air ___."

rises; sinks

The law that states heat will never flow from cold objects to hot objects is the ___.

second law of thermodynamics

A way to measure how much energy is required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C is called _________________.

specific heat

The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance is called ___________.

temperature