integrated science b - unit 1: scientific thinking and motion lessons 1-4

study the graph of an object's motion. what is the acceleration of the object's motion?

-0.33 m/s2

examine the situation. galileo could not accurately measure the speed of falling objects because clocks capable of those measurements were not available. instead, he rolled objects down ramps of various slopes and measured their speed. he then extended his conclusions to falling objects. which type of scientific reasoning is described in the situation?

inductive reasoning

examine the situation. gregor mendel wondered how traits were inherited, but the technology to study genes was unknown. by crossing pea plants and observing their traits, he concluded that the traits of living organisms are controlled by structures called genes each gene is composed of two components that separate during reproduction and then recombine. which type of scientific reasoning is described in the situation?

inductive reasoning

study the graph of an object's motion. what is the acceleration of the object's motion?

-2 m/s2

examine the information. a magellanic penguin is at an initial position of 4 m and waddles to a position of 8 m in 8 s. what is the penguin's average velocity?

0.5 m/s

examine the scenario. a fish swims with a velocity of 1 m/s. it then uniformly increases its velocity to 3 m/s in 6 seconds. what is the fish's acceleration?

0.5 m/s2

when scientists present research findings to the general public, what should they do? select all that apply

avoid technical jargon as much as possible use interesting metaphors or stories

what is a measurement that includes both a magnitude and a direction known as?

vector quantity

what is a change in position over time in a specified direction known as?

velocity

examine the table showing a horse's motion. what is the horse's acceleration?

1.5 m/s2 south

which measurements are scalar quantities? select all that apply

12 km/hr 2 m

examine the scenario. brunhilda starts at a position of 3 m east of her house. she moves 2 m north, 5 m west, and then 2 m south. what is her displacement for this trip?

2 m west

read the scenario. a lizard is at an initial position of 2 m and walks to a position of 10 m in 4 s. what is the lizard's average velocity?

2 m/s

examine the scenario. a child starts at a position of 2 m east of his house. He moves 1 m south, 5 m west, and then 1 m north. what is his displacement for this trip?

3 m west

read the scenario. a car moves 30 mi/h to the north. every second, the velocity increases by 3 mi/h. which option represents the acceleration as a vector quantity?

3 mi/h/s north

which option is a scalar quantity? select all that apply

4 m 1.5 mph

which option correctly defines a scientific argument?

a logical description of how data-based evidence supports or does not support a hypothesis

lesson 4

acceleration

examine the scenario. a sports car starts from rest and uniformly accelerates to a speed of 60 km/h in 6 s. the car moves east the entire time. which option represents a vector quantity present in the scenario?

acceleration: 10 km/h/s east

examine the scenario. a car starts from rest and uniformly accelerates to a speed of 30 mi/h in 6 s. the car moves north the entire time. which option correctly lists a vector quantity from the scenario?

acceleration: 5 mi/h/s north

which options correctly describe the components of the scientific method? select all that apply

can be observed or detected by the senses produces results that can be verified or tested can be measured in some way

lesson 2

communicating information

which options identify a characteristic of a good scientific model? select all that apply

it is based on sound scientific principles. it is falsifiable. it can be used to make predictions. it shows a mechanism or an explanation.

study the four graphs on the axes. which option correctly identifies the graph that represents an object increasing its position with a constant velocity and describes why?

it is graph b because a straight, diagonal line indicates the object is moving with a constant velocity, and a positive slope means it is increasing its position.

examine the model in the image. which of the options lists a significant limitation of the model?

it is not possible to predict how much further a trip from earth to pluto would be compared to a trip from earth to mars.

lesson 3

motion

in which part of a lab report should the experimental question and hypothesis be described?

objective

examine the model. which type of model is shown?

physical model

lesson 1

scientific thinking

how did skepticism help galileo correctly interpret his observations of jupiter's moons with his newly made telescope?

skepticism allowed galileo to question what he had already learned about objects in the solar system.

what is the rate at which an object changes position from one location to another known as?

speed

which options accurately identify a reason why it could be beneficial for the government to regulate scientific research and the distribution of information? select all that apply

the government could minimize fraudulent practices. the government could reduce research bias in studies done by industry.

which answer choice correctly defines the purpose of a lab report?

to communicate the details and results of experiments or investigations to others

examine the information. which answer choices correctly describe the ori's purpose? select all that apply

to protect the health and welfare of the public to promote very high standards of integrity and honesty

which options identify a place where the research publications of scientists can generally be found? select all that apply

university libraries research institutes

in order to present information to a technical audience, what should a scientist do?

use a highly structured format

what characteristic would make a scientific report suitable for a general, non-scientific audience? select all that apply

use of non-technical language use of metaphors

select the factors that would negatively impact the validity of scientific writing. select all that apply

withholding results having bias using sources that are not peer reviewed

read the scenario. scientists are creating a mechanical model of the solar system's inner planets with realistic movements. the model looks similar to the image below. which characteristic makes this a good model? select all that apply

It can be used to make predictions. it is testable and falsifiable.

which option correctly defines scalar quantity?

a measure of size that does not include direction

which option correctly defines vector quantity?

a measure of size that includes direction

which option correctly defines the scientific method?

a specific way of pursuing a scientific question that involves the systematic formulation, observation, testing, and modification of a hypothesis

which answer choice gives an accurate reason why ethical guidelines are needed for the way scientific information is communicated? select all that apply

economic concerns can influence research studies, which creates bias. it is important to protect the health and welfare of the public from fraudulent practices. political concerns can influence research studies, which creates bias.

which option would guide the thought processes of a scientist?

empirical data

examine the scenario. kozan has been given the opportunity to present his paper on global warming to an audience at a scientific conference. he wants to make a significant impact on his audience and convince the researchers to consider his theory. which option correctly identifies the factor that will have the largest impact on this audience

empirical data that supports his claim

examine the situation. what component of scientific argumentation is missing from lloyds work?

empirical data that supports his claim

examine the information. a truck accelerates 3 km/h/s south. which option correctly describes the truck's acceleration?

every second, the truck's velocity increases by 3 km/h to the south.

which option accurately describes scientific theories? select all that apply

have withstood the testing of a number of scientists through a number of investigations have developed from the arguments that have verified certain hypotheses

study the time-velocity graph. which option shows a description and distance-time graph that are consistent with the motion shown in the velocity-time graph?

https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/534008 the velocity-time graph shows that the object is speeding up, so the slope of the distance-time graph must increase.

examine the table showing information about the motion of two bikes. which option shows a graph and description that correctly represent the motion of the two bikes?

https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/534015 the blue bike has a constant acceleration of 1 m/s2, while the red bike has a constant acceleration of 0.5 m/s2. the slope of the velocity-time graph represents the acceleration.

examine the scenario. a car on the road is initially at rest. then, it speeds up until it is going the speed limit. after this, it moves with a constant velocity. which option shows a graph that correctly represents the car's motion and provides a true statement about every velocity-time graph that represents this type of motion?

https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/534030 the slope must be constant and non-zero; then, the slope must be 0 m/s2.

examine the table showing a truck's position at different times. which option shows a graph and description that correctly represent the motion of the truck?

https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/535288 the truck slows down as time increases, and it increases its position.

examine the table showing the velocity of a car and a bike. which graph and description accurately represent the motion of the car and bike?

https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/535323 the car has a constant acceleration of 5 m/s2, while the bike has a constant acceleration of 1 m/s2. the slope of the velocity-time graph represents the acceleration.

examine the scenario. an object moves with a constant velocity of -3 m/s. which option shows a graph that is consistent with the object's motion and provides the correct acceleration of the object?

https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/536534 the acceleration of the object is 0 m/s2.

examine the scenario. an object moves with a constant velocity of 2 m/s. which option shows a graph that accurately represents the object's motion and the correct acceleration of the object?

https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/536596 0 m/s2

what factors should an editor consider when trying to judge the validity of a scientific report submitted for publication? select all that apply

if the report is well organized if the writing shows evidence of bias

which option correctly identifies a reason why researchers try to use scientific thinking?

it prevents them from jumping to conclusions prematurely.

which options correctly identify a section or part of a typical laboratory report? select all that apply

materials procedure objective

examine the scenario. which option correctly pairs the misunderstanding viewers will receive with the reason why they will have that misunderstanding?

misunderstanding: sweetener x is definitely safe to consume. reason: technical information was removed or simplified.

read the statement and then apply it to the scenario. which option correctly pairs the misunderstanding viewers may receive with the reason why they may have that misunderstanding?

misunderstanding: the diet fad is safe. reason: technical jargon has been removed or simplified.

which option correctly pairs a reason why scientists value models with a type of model that is a good example of that reason

models make it possible for scientists to examine systems that are normally difficult or impossible to see.

what is an object changing position from one location to another known as?

motion

study the graph. which options correctly describe the velocity of the object represented in the graph? select all that apply

negative constant

what features would suggest a sample of scientific writing is well organized? select all that apply

parallels the scientific method presents the hypothesis and draws conclusions about it follows a logical progression

study the image. https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/533582 what type of model is shown?

physical model

what is the definition of velocity?

position over time in a specified direction

study the graph of an object's motion. which options accurately describe the object's velocity? select all that apply

positive constant

examine the scenario. a scientist wishes to discover whether dinosaurs were warm-blooded or cold-blooded. however, he cannot directly perform any measurements or experiments because dinosaurs are extinct. what aspects of scientific thinking can help him study this question and still follow the scientific method? select all that apply

practice deductive reasoning by studying living warm- and cold-blooded creatures practice skepticism and avoid accepting any opinions as an absolute fact practice rationalism in order to formulate explanations

which answer choice correctly identifies a part of a typical lab report? select all that apply

procedure conclusion title

which options accurately identify a characteristic that describes scientific journals? select all that apply

published on a regular basis found mainly in university libraries peer reviewed

read the scenario. a car travels 25 m/s forward for 10 s. which option accurately identifies the measurements within the scenario that are vector quantities and describes why?

the measurement 25 m/s forward is the only vector quantity because it is a measurement that includes a direction.

study the graph. which option correctly interprets the motion represented in the distance-time graph?

the object decreases its position and moves with a constant velocity because the slope of the graph is constant and negative.

study the graph. which option correctly interprets the motion of the object?

the object increases its position and moves with a constant velocity because the slope of the graph is constant and positive.

study the graph. https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/535243 which option correctly interprets the motion represented in the graph?

the object moves with constant, negative acceleration.

study the velocity-time graph. which options correctly interpret the motion represented in the graph? (select all that apply.)

the object slows down, stops for an instant, and then speeds up. the object moves with constant, negative acceleration.

study the velocity-time graph. https://cdstools.flipswitch.com/asset/media/535258 which option most accurately interprets the motion represented in the graph?

the object's acceleration is 0 m/s2 for the first 2 s because the velocity is not changing. then, the object undergoes a positive constant acceleration because the slope is positive and constant.

study the graph. which option correctly interprets the motion represented in the graph?

the object's acceleration is 0 m/s2 for the first 4 s because the velocity isn't changing; then, the object undergoes a negative constant acceleration because the slope is negative and constant.

examine the information. a runner travels 10 m/s forward for 10 seconds. which of the quantities in the sentence would be considered a vector quantity, and why?

the quantity 10 m/s is the only vector quantity because it is a measurement that includes a direction.

examine the scenario. a bus increases its position at a constant velocity for 12 s, and then it stops for 6 s. which option lists a true statement about how a distance-time graph would represent this motion?

the slope of the graph would be positive and constant for 12 s; then, the slope would be 0 for 6 s because the slope represents velocity.

read the scenario. a car increases its position at a constant velocity for 5 s. then, it stops for 5 s. which option provides a true statement about a distance-time graph created to represent this motion?

the slope of the graph would be positive and constant for 5 s. then, the slope would be 0 for 5 s because the slope represents velocity.

which options correctly identify a feature of a scientific report that would suggest the report reflects scientific thinking? select all that apply

uses inductive or deductive reasoning contains arguments that use the data collected describes how the hypothesis was verified

define deductive reasoning.

using general theories or principals to make predictions about more specific situations

which options correctly describe valid scientific writing? select all that apply

well organized guided by critical argumentation based on sound evidence