Integumentary System Functions -

ecchymosis

excessive bruising (black and blue marks)

eccrine

are important in the regulation of body temperature, these glands are found in greater numbers on your palms , feet, forehead, and upper lip.

vasodilation

as your temperature rises, your body signals the blood vessels in your skin to get larger in diameter, in addition sweat glands excrete water as a substances such as nitrogenous wastes and sodium chloride, onto the skins surface (salty)

subcutaneous fascia or hypodermis

because it lies under the dermis

jaundice

bilirubin builds up in the body, giving the skin a deeper yellow color

arrector pili

body temperature regulation is also aided by the hairs on your skin. Muscles in your skin are attached to your hairs. The constriction of those muscles shows up as goosebumps when you are chilled.

sweat glands

can be activated by heat, pain, fever and nervousness, your body has approx. 3 million sweat glands, generating an average fluid loss via sweating of 500 ml per day

capillaries

contains capillaries (tiny blood vessels) finger prints and toe prints form unique skin patterns and as a result are used in idenification

avascular

contains no nerve cells ( a-without vascular- blood vessels)

hypothalamus

controls heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature, sensations of hunger and thirst

follicle

each hair has a root that extends down into the dermis

sweating

is 99% water and by itself does not have a strong odor. However if it is left on the skin, bacteria degrade substances in the sweat into chemicals that give off strong smells, commonly called body odor.

cuticle

is a fold of tissue that covers the nail root, flat cells

alopecia

is a hair loss and can be acute or chronic, some forms of alopecia, such as male pattern baldness, do not represent a disease, but are inherited traits.

epidermis

is the layer of skin that we normally see, it is made up of several even smaller layers of stratified squamous epithelium, it also has five layers

lunula

is the white half moon shaped area is a result of the thicker layer of cells at the base

integumentary system function 2

it also performs several vital functions besides protecting you from an invasion of disease producing pathogens.

skin

large organ approx. 20 lbs it has three layers is

Dermis

layer of skin under the epidermis, it is composed of collagen and elastic fibers, it contains arteries, veins, nerves, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles

fibroblasts

any cell from which connective tissue is created

carotene

a yellow pigment found in plant and animal tissue. The precursor of vitamin A

vasoconstriction

forces blood away from the skin and back toward the core of the body where the heat is

hair

hair helps regulate body temperature, it also functions as a sensor to help detect things on your skin, eyelashes help to protect your eyes, hair in your nose helps to filter out particulate matter.

keratin

hair is composed of a fibrous protein,

albinism

have very little pigment in their skin, hair or eyes, this occurs because they have inherited genes that do not allow their body cells to produce the usual amounts of melanin.

collagenous and elastic fibers

helps your skin flex with the movements that you make, these fibers allows your skin to quickly return to normal shape.

how skin heals

if skin is punctured and the wound damages blood vessels in the skin, the wound fills with blood. Blood contains substances that cause it to clot, the top part of the clot, which is exposed to air, hardens to form a scab, this is nature's bandage, forming a barrier between the wound and the outer environment to prevent pathogens from entering .

integumentary system

includes the skin and hair, nails, and associated glands

melanin

melanocytes produce melanin, which is the actual substance that affects skin color ( the variations of skin color are a result of the amount of melanin that is produced and how it is distributed.

Lipocytes

or fat cells, produce the fat needed to provide padding to protect the deeper tissues of the body and act as insulation for temperature regulation

nail bed

pink portion under the fingernail that is part of the epidermis

sebaceous glands

play an important role by secreting oil, they are also found in areas that do not have hair follicles, such as eyelids, penis, labia minora, and nipples.

increased temperature

playing tennis - blood vessels dilate; causing heat to radiate from the body, sweat glands become more active, cooling through evaporation

decreased temperature

skiing - blood vessels constrict, decreasing radiant heat loss, sweat glands become less active, muscles shiver, generating heat

integumentary system function 1

skin is your first line of defense protecting you from disease and intact skin is the best protection from most infections.

melanocytes

special cells are located deep in the epidermis and are responsible for skin color.

nail root

specialized epithelial cells originating from the nail root form your nails. The nail root is also called ( germinal matrix)

stratum basale

stem cell layer of the epidermis

sweat and sebaceous glands

sweat glands are distributed over the entire skin surface, with large numbers under the arms, in the palms on the sole of the feet and on the forehead. Perspiration they generate is excreted through pores.

apocrine glands

sweat glands found in the pubic and axillary regions which open into the hair follicles

sebum

that keeps the skin from drying out, sebum is somewhat acidic in nature, it also helps destroy some pathogens on the skins surface

temperature regulation

the integumentary system plays a major role in the regulation of body temperature,

nerve endings

the nerve fibers are located in the dermis so the body can sense what is happening in the environment, this layer also processes blood vessels, this where you blush

stratum corneum

the outermost surface of skin is actually a layer of dead cells, flat, scaly, keratinized (hardened) epithelial cells

nail body

the visible portion of the nail

meibomiam glands

this is located at the rim of the eyelids and it secrete sebum into the rears that coat the eye, slowing evaporation

freckles

this occurs when melanin locates in patches on the skin

integumentary system function 3

this system helps keep the body from drying out, provides a natural sunscreen, and acts as storage for fatty tissues necessary for energy, with the aid of sunshine it provides vitamin d, also provides sensory input and unpleasant sensations involving pressure and temperature

keratinized

to become hard (protein)

lymph vessels

transport fluids from tissue to the blood system