Integumentary System

Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?

There are no vital organs in the region

What is the function of melanin?

It protects DNA from the damaging effect of ultraviolet radiation

The pale crescent area of the nail is called the

Lunula

Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called _____________ glands

Mammary

In albinism, _________ is lacking

Melanin

The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of _____________ production

Melanin

The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called

Melanin

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

"Goosebumps" are formed

Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial).

2, 5, 4, 1, 3

The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is

Acne

Which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person?

Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly

When a person becomes "pale", what is the physiologic basis?

The blood supply to the skin decreases

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it

Stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis

The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the__________

Stratum basale

The layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the

Stratum corneum

The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the

Stratum granulosum

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,

They die

The type of burn that injured the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a

Third-degree burn

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from _____________

Ultraviolet radiation

Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?

Evaporation

Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the

Epidermis

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane?

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

In other mammals, the _____________ glands function as scent glands, producing an important form of communication.

Apocrine

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called __________ glands

Apocrine

The subcutaneous layer consists of

Areolar and adipose tissues

Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma

The nail _________ covers the nail bed

Body

Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light

Can slowly increase melanocyte activity

The skin may turn orange as a result of __________ buildup.

Carotene

The fold of stratum corneum over the base of the nail is called the

Cuticle

Shafts of hair are comprised of

Dead keratinized epidermal cells

The dermis is composed largely of _____________

Dense irregular connective

Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called ________

Dermal papillae

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the

Dermis

The highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the

Dermis

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by

Dilating blood vessels

During skin repair, most of the scab consists of an insoluble network of ______________, a protein that forms from blood proteins during the clotting response

Fibrin

A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as

First-degree

Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters?

First-degree

Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure?

Hair matrix

Thick skin can be found on the

Palms

Functions of the skin include

Regulating body temperature

Merocrine sweat glands

Respond primarily to elevated body temperature

The walls of each hair follicle contain all the cells layers found in which of the following?

Epidermis