intercultural communication exam one

Arrange the stages of a biracial identity development in the order of their occurrence. (Place the first stage at the top.)

1. May cycle through these three stages of identity development -awareness of differences and resulting dissonance -awareness that they are different from other children -sense that they don't fit in anywhere 2.struggle for acceptance -feel they need to choose one race or the other 3. self acceptance and self assertion

Arrange the stages of majority identity development in the order of their occurrence. (Place the first stage at the top.)

1. unexamined identity 2. acceptance 3. resistance 4. redefinition 5. integration

Arrange the stages of minority identity development in the order of their occurrence. (Place the first stage at the top.)

1. unexamined identity 2. conformity 3. resistance and separatism 4. integration

Sasha, a Syrian, comes across a new method of cooking when traveling across China. Although the dish is mouthwatering, she believes that the Syrian style of cooking is far superior to that of the Chinese. What does this situation illustrate? Multiple choice question. a. colonialism b. ethnocentrism c. self-reflexivity d. Anglocentrism

Anglocentrism Using Anglo or white cultural standards as the criteria for interpretations and judgments of behaviors and attitudes. self-reflexivity A process of learning to understand oneself and one's position in society. ethnocentrism A tendency to think that our own culture is superior to other cultures. colonialism (1) The system by which groups with diverse languages, cultures, religions, and identities were united to form one state, usually by a European power; (2) the system by which a country maintains power over other countries or groups of people to exploit them economically, politically, and culturally.

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis The assumption that language shapes our ideas and guides our view of social reality. This hypothesis was proposed by Edward Sapir, a linguist, and his student, Benjamin Whorf, and represents the relativist view of language and perception.

Who among the following is an immigrant? Multiple choice question. a. A man travels to a new country with an intention of settling there permanently. b. A man travels to a new country for two weeks to explore its culture. c. A man travels to a new country for five weeks to better understand the cuisine of the land. d. A man travels within his own country to better understand the culture of the land.

a. A man travels to a new country with an intention of settling there permanently.

How has the immigration pattern in the United States changed during the recent years? Multiple choice question. a. A vast majority of the immigrants to the United States now are from Latin America. b. A vast majority of the immigrants to the United States now are from Europe. c. The number of emigrants from the United States has surpassed the number of immigrants. d. A vast majority of the immigrants to the United States are now from Australia and New Zealand.

a. A vast majority of the immigrants to the United States now are from Latin America.

Identify the possible assumptions that might be held by whites who are in the acceptance stage of majority identity development. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. a. Affirmative action is reverse discrimination. b. Whites have group identity or and culture or shared experience of racial privilege. c. White culture is classical; works of art by people of color are folk art or crafts. d. Minority groups are culturally deprived and need help to assimilate. e. People of color are culturally similar to white people.

a. Affirmative action is reverse discrimination. c. White culture is classical; works of art by people of color are folk art or crafts. d. Minority groups are culturally deprived and need help to assimilate.

How did the political scientist Ali Muzrui describe Islam? Multiple choice question. a. He describes Islam as the ultimate negative Other to the Christian tradition. b. He describes Islam as the only religion that preaches hate. c. He describes Islam as the only real path to achieve inner peace. d. He describes Islam as the faith that preaches peace.

a. He describes Islam as the ultimate negative Other to the Christian tradition.

What is the reason for the people in the United States to assert that the history of slavery must be forgotten? Multiple choice question. a. Not all whites owned slaves. b. Slavery was outlawed in the United States long before it was outlawed in Europe. c. Slavery was a voluntary phenomenon. d. Slavery was an involuntary phenomenon.

a. Not all whites owned slaves.

What was the purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act? Multiple choice question. a. The Act terminated Native Americans' special relationship with the U.S. government. b. The Act mandated that all Native Americans carry proof of their identity. c. The Act enabled an in-depth study of Native American culture. d. The Act made free education compulsory for all Native Americans.

a. The Act terminated Native Americans' special relationship with the U.S. government and paving the way for their removal from their homelands

What has been the impact of the melting point experience for the European immigrants in the United States? Multiple choice question. a. They do not speak their forebearer's languages. b. They favor lenient immigration laws. c. They vehemently oppose immigration. They do not encourage social stratification.

a. They do not speak their forebearer's languages.

The process by which others attribute identities to an individual is called _____. Multiple choice question. a. ascription b. avowal c. stereotype d. prejudice

a. ascription ascription The process by which others attribute identities to an individual. "is known" vs avowal The process by which an individual portrays himself or herself. "wants to be known as"

Labels, a category of ______, are names or markers used to classify individual, social, or cultural groups. Multiple choice question. a. core symbols b. culture brokers c. stereotypes d. prejudices

a. core symbols core symbols The fundamental beliefs that are shared by the members of a cultural group. Labels, a category of core symbols, are names or markers used to classify individual, social, or cultural groups. example: African American, Latino white, or European American

The ______ perspective emphasizes the dynamic nature of identities and the contextual and often conflictual elements of identity development. Multiple choice question. a. critical b. interpretive c. social science d. quantitative

a. critical

The melting pot metaphor implied that ______. Multiple choice question. a. immigrants should give up their unique cultural backgrounds to become white and American b. immigrants should pay more tax to avail the nominal benefits that are awarded to the white society c. whites cannot reinforce their cultural values on other people d. whites should incorporate certain cultural aspects of other societies in order to exist harmoniously

a. immigrants should give up their unique cultural backgrounds to become white and American

The communication process by which one is pulled into the social forces that place people into a specific identity is called ______. Multiple choice question. a. interpellation b. avowal c. ascription d. prejudice

a. interpellation interpellation The communication process by which one is pulled into the social forces that place people into a specific identity.

Salima and Ivan, both belonging to different ethnic backgrounds, are in a relationship. Though Salima tries to deal with their cultural differences, Ivan expects her to adapt completely to the U.S. way of life by losing her original culture in the process. In this scenario, Ivan wants Salima to ______. Multiple choice question. a. jump into the melting pot b. become ethnocentric c. use self-reflexivity to adapt to his culture d. become nativistic

a. jump into the melting pot melting pot A metaphor that assumes that immigrants and cultural minorities will be assimilated into the U.S. majority culture, losing their original cultures.

People move from blaming minority members for their condition to blaming their own dominant group during the ______ stage of majority identity development. Multiple choice question. a. resistance b. integration c. redefinition d. acceptance

a. resistance

According to James Loewen, what is missing in the education of the history of slavery in the United States? Multiple choice question. a. the connection between slavery and current racial tensions b. the philosophical question on the morality of slavery c. the importance of laws regarding slavery d. the horrors experienced by the slaves

a. the connection between slavery and current racial tensions

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a nativistic movement propagated ______. Multiple choice question. a. violence against newer immigrants b. equal rights for Native Americans c. greater employment opportunities for all citizens d. suppression of women's empowerment

a. violence against newer immigrants

Identify the heterogeneous culture. Multiple choice question. a. A tribe in Maldives, like the other local tribes, practices the same method of cooking. b. A tribe in Australia, unlike other tribes in the region, follows the practice of circumcision. c. A tribe in South America practices child marriage and bigamy. A tribe in Africa follows the same ideology in parenting as a tribe in India.

b. A tribe in Australia, unlike other tribes in the region, follows the practice of circumcision.

Identify a statement that best describes the immigration of African Americans to the United States. Multiple choice question. a. African Americans voluntarily chose to emigrate to the United States to find better opportunities for work. b. African Americans were brought to the United States involuntarily, mainly as slave labor. c. African Americans voluntarily chose to emigrate to the United States to escape the racial discrimination in their homeland. d. African Americans were brought to the United States voluntarily with the hope of finding a new world treasure.

b. African Americans were brought to the United States involuntarily, mainly as slave labor.

Toby, a Caucasian male, believes that his race is superior to all others and the way his people do things is the only way to do things. He ridicules people of other ethnic groups and expects them to lose their cultural identity and assimilate into the U.S. culture. Toby's belief is known as ______. a. colonialism b. Anglocentrism c. Kahanism d. antisemitism

b. Anglocentrism Anglocentrism Using Anglo or white cultural standards as the criteria for interpretations and judgments of behaviors and attitudes. Colonialism (1) The system by which groups with diverse languages, cultures, religions, and identities were united to form one state, usually by a European power; (2) the system by which a country maintains power over other countries or groups of people to exploit them economically, politically, and culturally.

Which of the following is true of the U.S. demographics? Multiple choice question. a. There is no one majority ethnic group throughout the United States. b. It involves a growing number of racial and ethnic minorities. c. White Americans are growing more rapidly in numbers than racial minorities. d. It involves a dramatic decrease in the number of multiracial Americans.

b. It involves a growing number of racial and ethnic minorities.

During the war of 1812, what happened to the natives in the United States? Multiple choice question. a. They were banished from the land by the U.S. government. b. They were severely punished by the government. c. They were given the same privilege and rights as U.S. citizens. d. They acquired the right from the U.S. Congress for self-governance.

b. They were severely punished by the government. *native Americans were sometimes caught in the middle of European rivalries... in 1812 Indian allies of the British were severely punished by the United States. in 1832, the US congress recognized the Indian nations' right to self government, but in 1871, a congressional act prohibited treaties between the US government and there Indian tribes. In 1887, congress passed Dawes severalty act, terminating Native Americans' special relationship with the US government and paving the way for their removal from their homelands.

The recent shifts in the pattern of immigration in the United States have resulted in ______. Multiple choice question. a. the government relaxing immigration laws b. a much more racially and ethnically diverse population c. the penetration of a homogeneous culture d. the government discouraging emigration

b. a much more racially and ethnically diverse population

During which stage in the development of minority identity do people experience negative attitudes toward themselves and their groups until an experience causes them to question the dominant culture's attitudes? Multiple choice question. a. resistance and separatism b. conformity c. integration d. unexamined identity

b. conformity

Chapter FIVE Characteristics of ______ may be understood differently depending on the perspectives that people take—for example, social science, interpretive, or critical perspectives. Multiple choice question. a. ascription b. identity c. avowal d. prejudice

b. identity identity The concept of who we are. Characteristics of identity may be understood differently depending on the perspectives that people take—for example, social science, interpretive, or critical perspectives.

The Blank______ stage of minority identity development is an ideal outcome of identity development—achieved identity. Multiple choice question. a. resistance b. integration c. conformity d. unexamined identity

b. integration

The ______ perspective suggests that identities emerge when messages are exchanged between persons. Multiple choice question. a. qualitative b. interpretive c. critical d. social science

b. interpretive

The ______ is of the view that the language habits that our culture has instilled in us from the time we first learn to speak probably does shape our orientation to the world and the people and objects we encounter. Multiple choice question. a. subjectivist position b. qualified relativist position c. nominalist position d. relativist position

b. qualified relativist position qualified relativist position A moderate view of the relationship between language and perception. Sees language as a tool rather than a prison (compare with nominalist position and relativist position).

Identify the homogeneous cultures. Multiple choice question. a. A community in Iraq eats pork, a practice that is frowned by the country's Muslims. b. A community in China eats dog meat, a practice that is frowned upon by the global community. c. A community in India practices child marriage, which is also prevalent with a community in Nepal. d. A community in Tibet frowns on the practice of smoking cigarettes, which is commonly accepted across different cultures.

c. A community in India practices child marriage, which is also prevalent with a community in Nepal.

What is the Act that was passed in 1882 by the U.S. government in support of the nativistic sentiments? Multiple choice question. a. Intolerable Act b. Stamp Act c. Chinese Exclusion Act d. Townshend Act

c. Chinese Exclusion Act

Which of the following is true of believing in the myth of a classless society? Multiple choice question. a. It helps to hide the various differences that segregate people into classes. b. It helps to establish harmony in any society. c. It reinforces middle- and upper-class beliefs in their own superior abilities. d. It enables fictitious successes to be transformed into real-life success stories.

c. It reinforces middle- and upper-class beliefs in their own superior abilities.

Which among the following statements best illustrates the nominalist position? Multiple choice question. a. Mary is of the view that Jane's perception of reality is shaped by the structure of the language that she speaks. b. Muhammad is of the view that Sally's perception is influenced by her language, but it is not completely determined by it. c. Mark is of the view that Mike's perception is not shaped by the language he speaks. d. Jamie is of the view that Taylor's perception is influenced by his language only if he believes that it did.

c. Mark is of the view that Mike's perception is not shaped by the language he speaks.

What was the purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act? Multiple choice question. a. The Act made free education compulsory for all Native Americans. b. The Act mandated that all Native Americans carry proof of their identity. c. The Act terminated Native Americans' special relationship with the U.S. government. d. The Act enabled an in-depth study of Native American culture.

c. The Act terminated Native Americans' special relationship with the U.S. government.

Chapter ONE What makes one assume, subconsciously, that his or her way of doing things is the only way? Multiple choice question. a. self-reflexivity b. demographics c. ethnocentrism d. diversity

c. ethnocentrism ethnocentrism A tendency to think that our own culture is superior to other cultures. demographics The characteristics of a population, especially as classified by race, ethnicity, age, sex, and income. self-reflexivity A process of learning to understand oneself and one's position in society. diversity The quality of being different.

According to the ______ theory, cultural variability influences our sense of self and ultimately influences how successful we are in intercultural interactions. Multiple choice question. a. social cognitive b. impression management c. identity negotiation d. social learning

c. identity negotiation

communication style metamessage

communication style The metamessage that contexualizes how listeners are expected to accept and interpret verbal messages. metamessage The meaning of a message that tells others how they should respond to the content of our communication based on our relationship to them.

Identify a significant change observed in the American society during the 1930s. Multiple choice question. a. Racial hostilities stopped against non-white ethnic groups. b. New rivalry started between southern and eastern European groups. c. People of color were considered more fit to receive economic benefits. d. All of the so-called white races were considered one.

d. All of the so-called white races were considered one.

______ can expand our conceptions of what is possible—linguistically, politically, and socially—as various lifestyles and ways of thinking converge. Multiple choice question. a. Demographics b. Ethics c. Immigrants d. Diversity

d. Diversity diversity The quality of being different. ethics Principles of conduct that help govern behaviors of individuals and groups demographics The characteristics of a population, especially as classified by race, ethnicity, age, sex, and income.

What was the criticism of the melting pot metaphor? Multiple choice question. a. It does not give importance to the Anglocentric behavior of white people. b. It does not explain the changes that led to the slavery of African Americans. c. It does not place any restrictions on ethnic people in order to blend into white society. d. It does not explain the experiences of non-European immigrants.

d. It does not explain the experiences of non-European immigrants.

Identify the statement that best illustrates ethnocentrism. Multiple choice question. a. Leah, after learning about the heritage of Jews, converts to Judaism from Christianity. b. Andy feels that minorities in his community should be given all the privileges enjoyed by the majority. c. Molly, who is interested in diverse cultures, starts to learn martial arts, which is practiced in China. d. Micheal feels that his culture empowers women even though there is evidence suggesting the contrary.

d. Micheal feels that his culture empowers women even though there is evidence suggesting the contrary.

______ people are extremely patriotic to the point of being anti-immigrant. Multiple choice question. a. Ethnocentric b. Anglocentric c. Self-reflexive d. Nativistic

d. Nativistic

Chapter 6 ______ is probably the most useful for students of intercultural communication because it focuses on actual language use—what people do with language. Multiple choice question. a. Phonetics b. Syntactics c. Semantics d. Pragmatics

d. Pragmatics

Which Act established extreme quotas on immigration, virtually precluding the legal immigration of Asians into the United States? Multiple choice question. a. The Amnesty Act b. The Deep Water Royalty Relief Act c. The Plan Writing Act d. The Oriental Exclusion Act

d. The Oriental Exclusion Act *arguments that economic and political opportunities should be reserved solely for whites, and not just for native-born Americans

Which among the following statements best illustrates language acquisition? Multiple choice question. a. Amber always speaks to Adam in English. b. Chan determines the preferred language in official settings. c. Monty seldom speaks to Sara, but when he does he speaks in Swahili. d. Tonto and Golda learn to speak German from friends.

d. Tonto and Golda learn to speak German from friends. language acquisition The process of learning language.

According to sociologist David Roediger, which of the following happened in America during the first half of the 20th century? Multiple choice question. a. More segregation was witnessed among white races based on their European nationalities. b. Racial hostilities against people of color ceased to exist. c. White immigrants were considered less fit to receive economic benefits. d. White immigrants were given greater public acceptance.

d. White immigrants were given greater public acceptance.

One can differentiate between ethnic and racial identities by differentiating between ______. Multiple choice question. a. fixed and fluctuating identities b. tangible and intangible identities c. preferred and chosen identities d. bounded and dominant identities

d. bounded and dominant identities

The ______ theory emphasizes the process of communicating one's own desired identities while reinforcing or resisting others' identities as the core of intercultural communication. Multiple choice question. a. impression management b. social cognitive c. social learning d. identity negotiation

d. identity negotiation identity negotiation theory A theory that emphasizes the process of communicating one's own desired identities while reinforcing or resisting others' identities as the core of intercultural communication. v.s. impression management theory The ways by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others have of them.

Using the ______ theory, some individuals constantly perform spin control campaigns to highlight their strengths and virtues and damage control campaigns to minimize their deficiencies. Multiple choice question. a. strategic choice b. path-goal c. identity negotiation d. impression management

d. impression management impression management theory The ways by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others have of them.

The recent decrease in religious beliefs in the United States is largely attributed to the ______. Multiple choice question. a. Buddhists b. hermits c. Catholics d. nones

d. nones

Identify the stage of majority identity development in which people become comfortable being in the dominant group. Multiple choice question. a. resistance b. integration c. acceptance d. redefinition

d. redefinition

During which stage in the development of minority identity do people experience a blanket endorsement of their group's values and attitudes? Multiple choice question. a. integration b. conformity c. unexamined identity d. resistance and separatism

d. resistance and separatism

True or false: Asian businesses have little regard for cultural idiosyncrasies. True false question. True or false: Business dealings in China are relationship oriented. True false question.TrueFalse

false. Reason: This is false. American, not Asian, businesses have little regard for cultural idiosyncrasies. true. Reason: This is true. Business dealings in China are relationship oriented. Businesses who ignore this are likely to fail in China.

qualified relativist position

qualified relativist position A moderate view of the relationship between language and perception. Sees language as a tool rather than a prison (compare with nominalist position and relativist position).

Three perspectives on identity and communication social science interpretive critical

social science Identity created by self (by relating groups) emphasizes individualized, familial, and spiritual self (cross-cultural perspective) Forms through identity conflicts and crises through diffusion and confusion. interpretive identity formed through communication with others. emphasizes avowal and ascribed dimensions???? critical identity shaped through social, historical forces emphasizes contexts and resisting ascribed identity emphasizes the dynamic nature of identities