International Business Chapter 3

What two things should be kept in mind while analyzing cultural frameworks?

-Analyzing cultural frameworks is only the beginning of understanding the complexity of cultures. -One's own culture functions as an implicit reference point for comparison.

Which three are rules of thumb for doing business across cultures?

-Be prepared. -Slow down. -Manners are important.

Which of the following statements are true of the command-and-control approach to accounting procedures?

-Controls are administered by formal institutions. -Compliance is gained through rules and sanctions.

Which of the following are examples of cultural paradoxes?

-Costa Rica is a high-context culture, yet it prefers automated tellers to real tellers. -Japanese have low tolerance for ambiguity, yet their contracts have ambiguous clauses. -U.S. culture is considered individualistic, yet the United States has the highest rate of charitable giving.

Which of the following characterize indulgent cultures?

-Freedom of speech is valued. -People believe they have personal control over their lives. -Leisure is valued.

Which three nations demonstrate a specific rather than a diffuse culture? Multiple select question.

-Germany -Australia -canada

Which of the following were Hofstede's original four cultural dimensions?

-individualism-collectivism -power distance -uncertainty avoidance -masculinity-femininity

When Milli explained to a France-based company that her U.S.-based firm would provide all of the necessary financial documentation to prove its worth, she was taken aback when the French company said they would prefer to know who the treasurer of her company was for the past ten years. This example shows how culture can affect the Blank______ area of a company.

Accounting

The most obvious and distancing cultural distinction associated with international business is

Language

Which religion has many denominations and shares a belief that there is one God who is revealed through human history?

christianity

People in highly Blank______ cultures belong to strong, cohesive in-groups that look after them in exchange for loyalty.

collectivistic

In Blank______ cultures, work relationships carry over to other areas of life and influence them.

diffuse

A person's age, rank, and title are taken into account more in a ___ power-distance culture

large

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's relationship with nature classification ranges along a continuum from

mastery to subjugation

Which of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's value orientations relates to society's beliefs about the legitimate form of social structure and hierarchy?

relationships among individuals

Which cultural dimension suggests that society extends much energy establishing order and structure?

restraint

Hofstede's masculinity-femininity dimension describes the distribution of _____ between the sexes.

roles

Hofstede's masculinity-femininity dimension describes the distribution of ____between the sexes

roles

According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, a Blank______ relationship with nature would suggest that humans cannot change nature, that forces such as fate and genetics determine the conditions of life.

subjugated

Hofstede's dimension of _____ describes a society's level of comfort in unstructured situations.

uncertainty avoidance

According to Trompenaars, which culture tends to be rule-based and applies those rules to all people in all situations?

universalist

A(n) Blank______ culture tends to be rule-based, while Blank______ cultures tend to be relationship-based.

universalist, particularist

Which scenarios would be included in Edward Hall's definition of context in a culture's communication? (Check all that apply.)

-Helen will do her presentation after Connor but before Jeremy. -Tyler started his speech at the back of the room and moved toward the front as he finished. -Liam slumped over the podium as he gave his presentation.

What are characteristics of small-power-distance cultures?

-Informality is the norm. -A consultative style of leadership predominates. -There is equal distance among people.

Which of the following describe a global mind-set?

-It requires an openness to diversity. -It requires the ability to pull ideas together across boundaries created by diversity. -It requires a willingness to deal with complexity.

Select from the following those four which are considered to be cultural frameworks.

-Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's cultural orientation -Edward Hall's high context and low context -Trompenaars's seven dimensions -hofstede's six dimension

Which of the following are included in Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's values framework?

-Relationships among people -Evaluation of human nature -Modes of human activity -Relationship to nature

According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, which of the following are among the universal problems to which all cultures offer solutions? (Check all that apply.)

-What is the basic nature of humans? -What sorts of relationships should exist among individuals? -What relationship should people have with nature? -What are the preferred forms of human activity?

What are two characteristics of a past-focused culture?

-based on history and tradition -slow to change

What are three characteristics of weak uncertainty avoidance cultures?

-encourage risk taking -reward career change -expect innovation

In which four forms are a culture's aesthetics are expressed most intentionally? Multiple select question.

-folklore -music -drama -art

According to the tenets of Blank______, all who profess their faith in the Resurrection of Jesus will be received into heaven after death.

Christianity

Which term refers to the belief that your own culture is superior to other cultures?

Ethnocentricity

True or false: Leadership styles tend to remain constant across cultures.

False

Cultural values play key roles in motivating and evaluating employees. This statement is an example of culture affecting which business function?

Human Resources

Jensen was surprised to learn that the company to which she was applying hires only graduates from Ivy League schools. This example demonstrates how culture can impact Blank______ in business.

Human Resources

The human-made objects created by a culture are called _____ culture, or artifacts

Material

is the extent to which members of a society expect power to be distributed unequally and accept that it is.

Power Distance

cultures tend to neither plan nor dwell on the past, and there is preference for short-term benefits and immediate results.

Present-focused

When Kevin's US-based company purchased a manufacturing facility in China, the company decided to increase the output of the facility by adding an overnight shift. The workers refused to work the overnight hours and eventually the US owner agreed to return to a regular work schedule and output levels dropped. Which aspect of business is being affected by culture?

Production

Which statement is accurate regarding the effects of culture on leadership? Multiple choice question.

The role, function, and traits of leaders vary by culture.

In which country does transparency and price drive the procurement process?

United States

Gavin was recently named president of a financial institution where he has worked for the past 22 years. During his career, he has developed financial strategies that helped small companies strengthen their financial holdings. He is recognized by his peers as a leader in the financial industry. This scenario exemplifies the______ culture described by Trompenaars.

achievement

The sense of beauty and taste within a culture is known as its

aesthetics

Individuals in Blank______ cultures tend to be emotional or expressive.

affective

Natalie planned to purchase Belgian chocolate during her visit to Brussels because Belgian chocolate has a worldwide reputation for quality. The chocolate Natalie plans to purchase is an example of a(n) Blank______.

artifact

cultures consider who a person is in terms of his or her family lineage, age, or other attributes. Multiple choice question.

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Based on Trompenaars's framework, cultures that practice Blank______ plan their actions with reference to group benefits.

communitarianism

Kylie told the marketing team that it wouldn't make sense to try and market their company's new frozen meal product line in parts of South Africa because the consumers didn't have electricity, much less refrigeration. Kylie is demonstrating _______(production/cultural) awareness

cultural

Natalie knew her company could sell its bicycles in England, but she wanted her marketing team to learn more about how consumers in England use bicycles: Do they ride them to work, or do they ride bicycles just for pleasure? What aspect of marketing is Natalie concerned with?

culture

Jordan moved from the United States and took a job at a company based in China. He was always trying to get his co-workers in China to discuss their personal feelings regarding corporate decisions, but they were reluctant to do so because such conversations were not typical of their culture. Jordan's behavior is an example of

ethnocentricity

True or false: Hofstede's cultural dimensions support the idea that a management technique that is appropriate in one national culture is generally appropriate in another.

false

True or false: Men's roles across cultures differ less than women's roles.

false

True or false: Practices related to gift giving are generally the same from one culture to the next.

false

The ________ is the basic unit of institutions based on kinship.

family

Based on Trompenaars's dimensions, which cultures plan, anticipate, and see a better world evolving?

future-focused

a ______ mind-set includes an openness to diversity along with an ability to pull ideas together across boundaries created by that diversity.

global

Trompenaars's dimension of Blank______ indicates whether people plan their actions with reference to themselves or to the group.

individualism vs. communitarianism

People who live in the United States are rewarded for being independent. The United States is an example of a(n) _____ culture

individualistic

According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, relationships among individuals in a low context culture tend to focus on

individuals

Leslie decided to hire Patricia for the job because her assistant is Patricia's aunt, and Patricia's aunt knows that Patricia will be able to do the job. Which social institution played a role in the hiring of Patricia?

kinship

When Shawna was transferred from the U.S.-based office to the affiliate in Britain, she quickly realized that showing emotions was frowned upon. Which of Trompenaars's dimensions does Shawna's experience reflect?

neutral vs. affective

Cultural ________ are contradictions in a culture's values.

paradox

cultural ____ are contradictions in a culture's values.

paradox

Which of Hofstede's dimensions analyzes the extent to which members of a society expect power to be distributed unequally and accept that it is?

power distance

Kendrick was surprised when the vendor from a Japan-based company called him and said they were not interested in doing business with Kendrick's U.S. manufacturing facility. The vendor explained that they'd had only had one discussion with Kendrick on the phone, and it was not sufficient to establish a relationship. What rule of thumb did Kendrick fail to consider?

slow down

Edward Hall's cultural framework is based upon

the context of the communication pattern

Gift giving in international business develops a social bond with the hope that it will eventually lead to ________________ between the giver and recipient

trust