International MGT 334-801 FINAL ch 14,15

A multinational manager discovers that his leadership style is more effective when he displays visible sign of status (e.g chauffeur driven cars) and he behaves as an authoritarian leader. The manager is most likely leading in which of the following cultures? a. A feminine culture b. A high uncertainty avoidance culture c. A low power distance culture d. A high power distance culture

A high power distance culture

Q: Which of the following motivation theory suggests that only some people have the need to win in competitive situation or to exceed excellence standards?

Achievement-motivation theory

U.S. managers' favored influence tactics include the following EXCEPT a. Assertiveness. b. Reasoning. c. Aggressiveness. d. Bargaining.

Aggressiveness.

Path-Goal Theory a. Is a popular US contingency theory. b. Identifies four types of leadership styles that a manager might choose depending on the situation. c. Key contingency or situational factors that determine the choice of the best leadership styles are: the nature of the subordinates and the characteristics of the subordinates' tasks. d. All of the above

All of the above

Q: Applying reinforcement at a cross-national level is challenging because

All of the above

Q: In individualistic cultures, performance drops off with the use of teamwork because

All of the above

Some of the characteristics of the new breed of global leaders include a. The skills and abilities to interact with and manage people from the diverse cultural backgrounds that populate their multinational companies. b. Sufficiently flexible to operate comfortably in pluralistic cultural environments. c. Knows at least one foreign language and understands the complexities of interaction with people from other cultures. d. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is NOT one of the behaviors/characteristics of transformational leader as discussed in the text? a. Takes risk b. Demonstrates high ethical and moral standards c. Articulates a vision d. All of the above applies to transformational leaders

All of the above applies to transformational leaders

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons discussed to explain why people engage in social loafing in individualistic cultures?

All of the above are reasons to explain social loafing in individualistic cultures.

Q: Principles of goal-setting theory include all of the following EXCEPT

Assign do-your-best types of goals.

Contingency theories a. Look for leadership behaviors that work in all countries. b. Focus on which leadership traits or behaviors define excellent in Japan. c. Assume that different styles and different leaders are more appropriate for different situations. d. None of the above

Assume that different styles and different leaders are more appropriate for different situations.

Q: The sociotechnical systems approach to job design

Attempts to mesh both modern technology and social needs of workers.

Leaders who do not allow employees to share in the decision- making are a. Democratic leaders. b. Autocratic leaders. c. Participative leaders. d. Consultative leaders.

Autocratic leaders.

Which of the following statements regarding the autonomous leader is FALSE according to the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior (GLOBE) studies? a. Autonomous leaders are independent, individualistic and unique. b. Autonomous leaders act in self-interested manner. c. Germanic and Eastern European countries have the highest scores on autonomous leadership. d. Autonomous leadership is seen as very effective in most cultures.

Autonomous leadership is seen as very effective in most cultures.

Building support for ideas and networking and using friendships involve the use of which influence tactics? a. Assertiveness b. Friendliness c. Sanctioning d. Coalitions

Coalitions

Q: Setting goals for work groups is recommended in

Collectivist cultures.

ch. 15 All the following statements are true about leadership EXCEPT a. Leadership is influencing group members to achieve organizational goals. b. Excellent leaders motivate their employees to achieve more than minimal organizational requirements. c. Companies can achieve success with or without good leaders. d. Leading in a multinational company is an even greater challenge than in a domestic one.

Companies can achieve success with or without good leaders.

The leadership style that falls midway between autocratic and democratic styles is the a. Person-centered leader. b. Subordinate-oriented leader. c. Consultative leader. d. Task-oriented leader.

Consultative leader.

The attribution approach to leadership a. Emphasizes the leader's attributions regarding the causes of subordinates' behaviors. b. Focuses on using rewards or punishments to influence the attributes of subordinates. c. Is similar to the trait approach, except that it focuses on a person's attributes. d. Represents one key aspect of transformational leadership.

Emphasizes the leader's attributions regarding the causes of subordinates' behaviors.

Q: All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Equity norms prevail in collectivist cultures.

Q: Which of the following theories is NOT considered as one of the needs theories?

Equity theory

Q: The theory based on the idea that employees compare their inputs and outcomes to other persons in the work setting to determine if they are being fairly treated is

Equity theory.

Trait models of leadership a. Evolved from the debate regarding whether leaders are born or made. b. Focuses on the behaviors leaders use to manage their employees. c. Assumes that different styles and different leaders are more appropriate for different situations. d. Includes Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory.

Evolved from the debate regarding whether leaders are born or made.

Which of the following examples characterize the use of assertiveness as an influence tactics? a. Example behaviors include being friendly and humble. b. Example behaviors include using logical arguments. c. Example behaviors include using threats and punishments. d. Example behaviors include being forceful and directive.

Example behaviors include being forceful and directive.

Explaining a person's behavior based on factors outside the person and beyond the person's control (e.g., natural disasters, illness, faulty equipment, etc.) is a/an a. Internal attribution. b. External attribution. c. Fundamental attribution error. d. Attribution effect.

External attribution.

Q: An expatriate finds that one of his subordinates regularly jokes about a minority group in the country. She decides to ignore the jokes hoping that the subordinate will eventually stop such jokes. Which aspect of reinforcement theory is she using?

Extinction

Q: Esteem needs refer to

Focus on respect and feelings of self-worth.

ch14 Q: People's expectations from work (such as work providing necessary income or work providing satisfactory experiences) refer to

Functions of work.

Q: Motivation refers to

Goal-directed behaviors to satisfy human needs.

Q: All of the following statements are true about hygiene factors EXCEPT

Hygiene factors can motivate workers similarly to motivating factors.

Q: In a cross-national context, expectancy theory prescribes that managers

Identify valued outcomes and convince workers that their efforts will lead to these outcomes.

All of the following are true about leadership traits in various national settings EXCEPT a. People from different cultural backgrounds prefer certain traits. b. In Germany, a desired leadership trait is modesty. c. In France, leaders are considered different based on social class distinctions between cadres and non-cadres. d. In the US, assertiveness is valued as a leadership trait.

In Germany, a desired leadership trait is modesty.

Which statement regarding fundamental attribution errors is true? a. In Western nations, people tend to make external attributions. b. In Eastern nations, people tend to make internal attributions. c. In Western nations, people tend to make internal attributions. d. In Eastern nations, people tend to make external attributions.

In Western nations, people tend to make internal attributions.

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding leadership in various cultures? a. In countries with high power distance, subordinates expect leaders to be more like them. b. Strong masculinity norms often lead to the acceptance of more authoritarian leaders. c. In countries with high uncertainty avoidance, subordinates expect detail and directions to perform their tasks. d. All of the above are true.

In countries with high power distance, subordinates expect leaders to be more like them.

According to the text, all of the following statements about leadership styles in different cultures are true EXCEPT a. In high power distance countries, leaders generally behave more autocratically. b. In high uncertainty avoidance national cultures both leaders and subordinates often feel more comfortable when the leader initiates structure. c. In low uncertainty avoidance countries leaders tell subordinates exactly what to do. d. In high power distance countries, person-centered leadership works best in large groups.

In low uncertainty avoidance countries leaders tell subordinates exactly what to do.

Q: Some of the detrimental effects of social loafing can be reduced if

Individuals are held responsible for performance.

The fundamental attribution error a. Is a tendency for managers to believe that most people act because of internal motivations. b. Is a tendency for managers to believe more often that people behave in certain ways because of outside factors, such as poor working conditions. c. Occurs most often in Asian cultures. d. Concerns primarily external attributions.

Is a tendency for managers to believe that most people act because of internal motivations.

Q: All the following are true about work centrality EXCEPT

It represents the function of work in an organizational culture.

All of the following are true about trait leadership theories EXCEPT a. Using trait theory, one can conclude that successful business, political, religious, and military leaders were born with unique characteristics that made them quite different from ordinary people. b. Leadership theorists identified an exact list of leadership traits. c. The great person theory of leadership assumes that leaders are born. d. All of the above are true.

Leadership theorists identified an exact list of leadership traits.

Q: Expectancy theory proposes that

Motivation is a result of an individual's preferences and belief that his/her effort will lead to some valued results.

According to the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) study, which of the following leadership styles represents the leader who is modest and has a compassionate orientation? a. Team-oriented leader b. Self-protective leader c. Participative leader d. None of the above

None of the above

Q: Social loafing

Occurs when people put out less effort when working in groups.

The National Context Contingency Model of Leadership a. Assumes that successful leaders need not modify their behaviors or develop particular leadership traits to succeed in different nations. b. Includes two contingencies: the characteristics of subordinates and the nature of the work setting. c. Includes factors related to the national culture and social institutions. d. Only B and C are correct

Only B and C are correct

Consulting with subordinates, asking for suggestions, encouraging participation in decision making, represent which leadership style in path-goal theory? a. Directive style b. Supportive style c. Participative style d. Achievement-oriented style

Participative style

Q: Need theories of motivation are based on the assumption that

People can satisfy basic human needs in the work setting.

Q: Conclusions from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey on functions of work reveal that

People from different nations do not assign the same magnitude of importance to work functions.

Q: All of the following statements about Maslow's hierarchy of needs are true EXCEPT

People have six basic type of needs.

Q: All of the following are true about the operant-conditioning model EXCEPT

People will continue behaviors they like irrespective of the nature of consequence.

Q: Which types of motivation theories explain motivation arising from satisfaction of needs and values combined with an individual's beliefs regarding the work environment?

Process and reinforcement theories

Q: According to the text, those who are underrewarded are likely to

Reduce their inputs.

Q: All of the following statements about work in different countries are true EXCEPT

Regardless of country, money has the highest priority for why people work.

Q: A manager gives bonuses to high performing foreign employees hoping that they will continue performing at a high level. This manager is using which motivational principle?

Reinforcement

Q: Which motivation theory proposes that if a pleasurable consequence follows a behavior, then the behavior will continue and if an unpleasant consequence follows a behavior, the behavior will stop?

Reinforcement theory

Q: Reactions to a person's behavior that encourage the person to continue the behavior is

Reinforcement.

Q: The need to maximize personal achievement refers to which type of need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Self actualization needs.

Person-centered leaders a. Focus on completing tasks by initiating structure. b. Give specific directions to subordinates so that the subordinates can feel comfortable completing tasks. c. Show a concern for subordinates' feelings and taking subordinates' ideas into account. d. Make all major decisions themselves.

Show a concern for subordinates' feelings and taking subordinates' ideas into account.

Q: When applying need theories in a cross-national context, managers should

Take into consideration the particular needs that people seek to satisfy in different countries.

Q: Which of the following refers to the aspect of a job where the person can complete a whole piece of work from beginning to end?

Task identity

An expatriate finds that if she gives specific directions to her subordinates, productivity is much higher. Which leader behavior is she displaying? a. Consultative leader behavior b. Democratic leader behavior c. Task-centered leader behavior d. Person-centered leader behavior

Task-centered leader behavior

All of the following are true about Fiedler's Leadership Effectiveness theory EXCEPT a. Fiedler proposed that managers tend to be either task or person-centered leaders. b. The success of leadership styles depends on three characteristics of the work situation. c. Effective leadership occurs when the leadership style matches the situation. d. Task-centered leadership works best in mixed conditions.

Task-centered leadership works best in mixed conditions.

Which of the following is NOT one of the leadership styles of the path-goal theory of leadership? a. Directive style b. Supportive style c. Task-oriented style d. Participative style

Task-oriented style

According to the text, if a leader perceives the cause of a subordinate's behavior based on an internal attribution, then most leaders will a. Tend to correct or reward the worker. b. Modify the work environment. c. Do nothing. d. Use transformational leadership.

Tend to correct or reward the worker.

Q: A crucial difference between the US job characteristics model and the European STS approach is

The US model focuses on individuals, while the European model focuses on work teams.

Q: The concept of work centrality refers to

The degree of importance of work in the life of an individual.

The recommended leadership style for a country low on power distance and low on uncertainty avoidance is a. The democrat - supportive, participative, and achievement. b. The master - directive and supportive. c. The professional- directive, supportive, and participative. d. The boss- directive.

The democrat - supportive, participative, and achievement.

Q: The national context affect motivation through all of the following EXCEPT

The existence of strong organizational cultures.

The idea that leaders are born with unique characteristics that make them different form ordinary people is the a. Task centered leadership theory. b. A contingency theory of leadership. c. The great-person theory. d. The leadership behaviors theory.

The great-person theory.

Q: Which is NOT true of McLelland's Achievement Motivation?

The level of Achievement Motivation is directly related to economic performance.

All of the following are true about the Japanese Performance-Maintenance (PM) theory of leadership EXCEPT a. The Performance-Maintenance (PM) theory of leadership represents a Japanese perspective on leadership. b. PM theory has two dimensions, the performance function (P) and the maintenance function (M), which are the basic aspects of the theory. c. The maintenance function (M) is similar to task-centered leadership. d. PM theory suggests that groups perform best when both P and M are present.

The maintenance function (M) is similar to task-centered leadership.

The recommended leadership style for a country high on power distance and low on uncertainty avoidance is a. The boss - directive. b. The professional - directive, supportive and participative. c. The master - directive and supportive. d. The democrat - supportive and participative.

The master - directive and supportive.

Q: All of the following statements about the US job characteristics model are true EXCEPT

The model suggests that enriching job characteristics is motivating for all types of individuals.

According to the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior (GLOBE) studies, which of the following leadership style characterizes a leader who is self-centered, status conscious and procedural? a. The autonomous leader b. The participative leader c. The humane style leader d. The self-protective leader

The self-protective leader

Q: Hygiene factors include

The size of desks and color of offices.

When managers use rewards or punishment to influence their subordinates, they are engaging in a. Rewards oriented leadership. b. Transformational leadership. c. Transactional leadership. d. Charismatic leadership.

Transactional leadership.

Q: In regards to perceptions of working, which country ranks the lowest in work obligations norms?

U.S.

Behaviors and characteristics of transformation leaders include the all of the following EXCEPT a. Articulates a vision. b. Breaks from the status quo. c. Uses rewards or punishments to influence subordinates. d. Provides goals and a plan.

Uses rewards or punishments to influence subordinates.

All of the following statements regarding subordinates expectations in different countries are true EXCEPT a. In counties with high power distance values, including many of the Latin and Asian countries, subordinates expect autocratic leadership. b. In low power distance countries, such as Sweden and Norway, subordinates expect the leader to be more like them. c. Weak masculinity norms often lead to the acceptance of more authoritarian leadership. d. Strong uncertainty avoidance norms may cause subordinates to expect the leader to provide more detail in directions.

Weak masculinity norms often lead to the acceptance of more authoritarian leadership.

Key leadership suggestions based on path-goal theory include all of the following EXCEPT a. When subordinates have high achievement needs, successful leaders adopt the achievement-oriented style. b. When subordinates with have high social needs, they respond best to the supportive leadership style. c. When the subordinate's job is unstructured, the theory suggests using a supportive style. d. When the subordinate's job is highly structured, the theory suggests using instrumentality.

When the subordinate's job is unstructured, the theory suggests using a supportive style.

Q: According to equity theory, equity conscious people are most likely those

Who behave consistently with equity theory.

Q: The importance of work refers to

how central work is in an individual's life.

Q: Telecommuting studies suggest all of the following EXCEPT

increases the identity and integration with the company culture.

Q: Need theory does NOT assume

none of the above.

Q: Maslow did NOT claim that

people satisfy higher level needs first because they are more important.

Transformational leadership a. Means that managers use rewards or punishments to influence their subordinates. b. Is similar to transactional leadership. c. Succeeds because subordinates respond to the leader with high levels of performance, personal devotion, and excitement. d. Is one leadership style of Fieldler's leadership theory.

succeeds because subordinates respond to the leader with high levels of performance, personal devotion, and excitement.

The type of leadership that includes behaviors that focus on completing tasks by initiating structure is known as a. Task-centered leadership. b. Person-centered leadership. c. Autocratic leadership. d. Democratic leadership.

task-centered leadership.