International MKTG Midterm

_____, taught throughout Japan's history, emphasizes the basic virtue of loyalty "of friend to friend, of wife to husband, of child to parent, of brother to brother, but, above all, of subject to lord," that is, to country. A. Confucian philosophy B. Avicenna's philosophy C. Epicurean philosophy D. Boethius' philosophy E. Lao-tzu's philosophy

A. Confucian philosophy

_____ decision making allows executives at different levels of management to exercise authority over their own functions. A. Decentralized B. Top-level management C. Committee D. Autocratic E. Politically backed

A. Decentralized

_____ is classified as a more-developed country by the United Nations. A. Japan B. Brazil C. Russia D. Peru E. Uruguay

A. Japan

Which of the following factors is most likely to explain Japan's success in reducing corruption in its business system? A. Japan has a relationship-oriented culture. B. There is a marked increase in outside influence in Japan since 1999. C. Japan has a communist past that frowned upon corruption. D. Japan is a high power distance country. E. The collectivist culture is predominant in Japan.

A. Japan has a relationship-oriented culture.

Which of the following holds true for the effect of governments on cultural values? A. Most often governments try to influence the thinking and behaviors of adult citizens for the citizens' "own good." B. Compared with the influence of family, governments have a major influence on people's behavior. C. The media is immune to a government's efforts to spread propaganda about itself. D. Iran prefers a strict separation of religion and governance. E. The French government is proposing laws that discourage procreation.

A. Most often governments try to influence the thinking and behaviors of adult citizens for the citizens' "own good."

_____ is an attempt to forecast political instability and help management identify and evaluate political events and their potential influence on current and future international business decisions. A. Political risk assessment B. Political securitization C. Political securitization D. Risk conditioning E. Quantification of risk

A. Political risk assessment

The _____ stated that not only would the United States prohibit non-American intervention in Latin American affairs, but it would also police the area and guarantee that Latin American nations met their international obligations. A. Roosevelt Corollary B. Manifest Destiny C. Hays Corollary D. Grant Mandate E. Stimson Doctrine

A. Roosevelt Corollary

Which of the following usually involves a large number of respondents who are asked to reply, either verbally or in writing, to structured questions using a specific response format or to select a response from a set of choices? A. a quantitative research B. a focus group interview C. a descriptive research D. an in-depth interview E. an explanatory research

A. a quantitative research

J.J. Servan-Schreiber's prediction about the U.S. economy did not come true for many reasons, but one of the more important was that American MNCs confronted A. a resurgence of competition from all over the world. B. an unprecedented decline in the global gross national product. C. the dissolution of state-owned enterprises in developing countries such as Venezuela and Chile. D. the decadence of communism. E. the dissolution of colonial powers.

A. a resurgence of competition from all over the world.

International marketers are most likely to consider _____ to be "customs and administrative entry procedures." A. antidumping practices B. standards disparities C. voluntary export restraints D. embargoes E. orderly marketing agreements

A. antidumping practices Antidumping laws were designed to prevent foreign producers from "predatory pricing," a practice whereby a foreign producer intentionally sells its products in the United States for less than the cost of production to undermine the competition and take control of the market.

An understanding of the origins and differences of culture will most likely help international marketers A. foresee changes in current markets of operation. B. be culturally apathetic. C. practice ethnocentrism to ensure the success of their marketing strategies. D. determine the literacy rate of the current market. E. effectively handle marketing issues by stereotyping.

A. foresee changes in current markets of operation.

Monarchy is a form of government ruled by _____. A. one B. none C. few D. many E. all

A. one

Confiscation, expropriation, and domestication are classified as: A. political risks. B. social risks. C. market risks. D. environmental risks. E. pricing risks.

A. political risks.

A study comparing perceptions of punctuality in the United States and Brazil found that Brazilian timepieces are less reliable and public clocks less available than in the United States. This shows that notions of _____ are followed in Brazil. A. polychronic time B. bimodal time C. dual time D. monochronic time E. sequence time

A. polychronic time

Which of the following is applied to essential products that command considerable public interest during inflationary periods to control the cost of living? A. price controls B. exchange controls C. antidumping duties D. import restrictions E. local-content laws

A. price controls

Which aspect of Japanese culture, predicted by many to favor bribery, makes Japan's success in reducing corruption more remarkable? A. relationship-orientation B. multiple marriages C. the extended family D. strong organizational hierarchy E. increase in consumerism

A. relationship-orientation

In the context of communication styles, Edward T. Hall has described the symbolic meanings or _____ of time, space, things, friendships, and agreements and how they vary across cultures. A. silent languages B. significance C. emblematic import D. notions E. hieroglyphics

A. silent languages His article "The Silent Language of Overseas Business," which appeared in the Harvard Business Review in 1960, remains a most worthwhile read. In it he describes the symbolic meanings (silent languages) of time, space, things, friendships, and agreements and how they vary across cultures.

In the international arena, which of the following poses the greatest problem in sampling stems? A. the lack of sufficient demographic data from which meaningful samples can be drawn B. the lack of expertise in designing sampling layouts for a domestic market C. the lack of adequate demographic size to draw samples D. an inability of international market researchers to speak foreign languages E. the difficulty in determining sample size suitable for the relevant foreign market

A. the lack of sufficient demographic data from which meaningful samples can be drawn

Which of the following increases the possibility of misinterpretation of others' motives in a negotiation scenario? A. using one's self-reference criteria as the basis for assessment B. insufficient probing about unclear and ambiguous areas C. lack of documentation of the negotiation process D. involvement of a neutral third-party mediator E. lack of interest in the other's language

A. using one's self-reference criteria as the basis for assessment

Exchange controls are most likely imposed by a country: A. when there is a substantial amount of capital leaving the country. B. when it is required that a portion of any product sold within the country contain locally made parts. C. when there are no adequately developed sources of supply within the country. D. when there is a drop in the price of essential products that command considerable public interest in the country. E. when there is an abundance of foreign exchange in the country.

A. when there is a substantial amount of capital leaving the country.

According to the marketing research process, which of the following will a researcher most likely do once he or she has gathered the relevant data from secondary or primary sources? A. Define the research problem and reestablish research objectives. B. Analyze, interpret, and summarize the results. C. Determine the sources of information to fulfill the research objectives. D. Consider the costs and benefits of the research effort. E. Identify the problems in the research.

B. Analyze, interpret, and summarize the results.

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, a treaty among the members of the _____ agreed to a total ban on the export of hazardous wastes by developed nations. A. United Nations B. Basel Convention C. NAFTA D. European Union E. ASEAN

B. Basel Convention

Which of the following is true of nationalism? A. The more a country feels threatened by some outside force, the less nationalistic the country becomes. B. It can be best described as an intense feeling of national pride and unity. C. Nationalist feelings lead to loss of control over foreign investment. D. The more a country's domestic economy declines, the less nationalistic it becomes. E. Nationalistic feelings are rarely prevalent in economically prosperous countries.

B. It can be best described as an intense feeling of national pride and unity.

Which of the following is true of the influence of religion on global marketing? A. Most people have a good understanding of other religions. B. Marketers with little or no understanding of a religion may deeply offend customers. C. What is usually "known" about a religion is often true. D. Consumer choices are untouched by the influence of religion. E. One's own religion is often a reliable guide to another's beliefs.

B. Marketers with little or no understanding of a religion may deeply offend customers.

Citizens of the U.S. see the _____ as protection for Latin America from European colonization and the intervention of Europe in the governments of the Western Hemisphere. A. Unifying Manifesto B. Monroe Doctrine C. Hays Corollary D. Grant Mandate E. Stimson Doctrine

B. Monroe Doctrine

In the context of Hofstede's four dimensions, the _____ Index measures the tolerance of social inequality within a social system. A. Individualism/Collectivism B. Power Distance C. Uncertainty Avoidance D. Cultural Value E. Consumer Behavior

B. Power Distance

In a high-context culture, "who says it," "how it is said," and "when it is said" is very important. Which of the following countries is found to be a high-context culture with regard to communication practices? A. Switzerland B. Saudi Arabia C. France D. The United States E. Germany

B. Saudi Arabia

Which of the following is true of the relationship between cultural values and consumer behavior? A. Japan scores the highest of all countries on the individualism scale. B. The Japanese and French values favor group activities and face-to-face conversations. C. French investors are the most willing to take the risks of stock market investments. D. According to Hofstede, the diffusion of innovations will be slower in the U.S. than in Japan. E. In Japan, where individualism reigns supreme, the "virtually social" activity of sitting alone at one's computer is most acceptable.

B. The Japanese and French values favor group activities and face-to-face conversations.

Identify an accurate statement about world trade routes. A. The fastest growing trade routes are the traditional ones. B. Trade routes represent the attempts of countries to overcome economic imbalances created by the influence of geography. C. Trade routes among Europe, Asia, and the Americas that were well established by the 1500s have fallen into disuse today. D. Trade among developing nations is extremely limited. E. The earliest trade routes were the sea routes.

B. Trade routes represent the attempts of countries to overcome economic imbalances created by the influence of geography.

In 1479, under the _____, Venice agreed to pay tribute to the Ottoman Empire in exchange for trading rights in the Black Sea A. Treaty of Andelot B. Treaty of Constantinople C. Treaty of Dardanos D. Treaty of Bakt E. Treaty of Nanjing

B. Treaty of Constantinople

The adoption of yoga as a means of physical fitness in the U.S. best demonstrates the concept of A. cultural apathy. B. cultural borrowing. C. stereotyping. D. ethnocentrism. E. culture shock.

B. cultural borrowing.

Which of the following is one of the main political causes for instability in international markets? A. varied taxing conventions B. differences in philosophical ideologies C. global focus D. environmental awareness E. animosity toward specific countries

B. differences in philosophical ideologies

Which of the following is a method of demand forecasting that is particularly suitable for international marketers? A. probabilistic forecasting B. expert opinion C. simulation D. extrapolation E. scenario building

B. expert opinion The key in using expert opinion to help forecast demand is triangulation, that is, comparing estimates produced by different sources. One of the tricky parts is how best to combine the different opinions.

Of all the energy sources, oil and _____ contribute over 60 percent of world energy consumption. A. coal B. gas C. wind energy D. solar energy E. wood

B. gas

Randy, the marketing manager at Bryte Systems Inc., decides to enter into foreign markets as goods are available in surplus amounts. He has little or no intention of maintaining continuous market representation. Randy's firm is at which of the following stages of international marketing involvement? A. aggressive foreign marketing B. infrequent global marketing C. global marketing D. regular foreign marketing E. international marketing

B. infrequent global marketing

In the context of social institutions, the literacy rate of a country A. has no effect on marketing activities. B. is a potent force in economic development. C. should be less than 50 percent for economic success. D. should be low to easily communicate with that country's market. E. is a factor that has relatively little influence on culture.

B. is a potent force in economic development.

Which of the following statements is true about qualitative research? A. it provides a marketer with responses that can be presented with precise estimations. B. it is used to formulate and define a problem more clearly. C. it usually involves asking respondents to select a response from a set of choices. D. Data from qualitative research can be summarized in percentages, averages, or other statistics. E. it is generally associated with survey research that involves yes/no questions.

B. it is used to formulate and define a problem more clearly.

If you conduct a marketing research with the help of information that has been collected already by some other agency, it implies that you are using _____ data sources for your research. A. firsthand B. secondary C. primary D. personal E. direct

B. secondary

One of Phillipe Ortiz's difficulties in marketing his line of Philippine cabinetry in Los Angeles is that he is still tied culturally to the business models that work in the Philippines. These models do not work well in the United States. Which of the following best explains the difficulty Philippe is experiencing? A. xenophobia B. self-reference criterion C. globalism D. racism E. intellectual challenges

B. self-reference criterion The self-reference criterion is an unconscious reference to one's own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for decisions.

Which of the following may explain the difference in interpretation of historical events, especially if the historians are from different cultures? A. the level of funding received B. the historian's self-reference criteria C. the technical tools used by historians to examine history D. the extent of government support E. the amount of time spent on observation and analysis

B. the historian's self-reference criteria Historical events always are viewed from one's own biases and self-reference criteria (SRC), and thus, what is recorded by one historian may not be what another records, especially if the historians are from different cultures.

International marketing can be defined as: A. the creation of domestic processes that aim to enhance indigenous production and minimize the need for imports. B. the performance of business activities to sell a company's goods and services for a profit in more than one nation. C. the implementation of marketing strategies to deal with the domestic economic climate to improve the investments in home markets. D. the exchange of goods and services between companies within the boundaries of a country. E. designing of activities to plan, price, promote, and direct the flow of a company's goods and services to consumers or users in a single market.

B. the performance of business activities to sell a company's goods and services for a profit in more than one nation.

In the context of culture-based communication, tatemae in Japan refers to A. receptive bilingualism. B. the public, face-saving truth. C. expert opinion. D. triangulation. E. the factual truth.

B. the public, face-saving truth.

Which of the following best defines back translation? A. A questionnaire is translated from one language to another, and then the original translator translates it back into the original, and the two original language versions are compared. B. A questionnaire is translated from one language to another, and then a second party translates the questionnaire into another language, and the two translations are then compared. C. A questionnaire is translated from one language to another, and then a second party translates it back into the original, and the two original language versions are compared. D. A questionnaire is translated from one language to another, and then multiple parties translate the questionnaire into different languages, and the different translations are then compared. E. A questionnaire is translated from one language to another, and then the original translator translates the questionnaire into different languages, and the different translations are then compared.

C. A questionnaire is translated from one language to another, and then a second party translates it back into the original, and the two original language versions are compared.

Which of the following is true of the effect of technology on culture? A. The U.S. delivers the best healthcare system in the world due to its superior technology. B. In 1968, the Roman Catholic Church actively recommended the use of birth control pills. C. Birth control techniques have freed women to pursue their careers. D. Technology offers a solution for all cultural problems. E. All governments advise against the use of birth control techniques.

C. Birth control techniques have freed women to pursue their careers.

_____ spends three times the world average on energy (all sources) to produce one dollar of gross national product (GNP), and one of the primary reasons is outdated technology. A. Germany B. Brazil C. China D. India E. Japan

C. China

Which of the following is true with respect to the importance of culture to an international marketer? A. When a promotional message is written, similar symbols must be used, irrespective of culture. B. Using attractive colors for the packaging of a product is more important than ensuring cultural acceptability. C. Culture is pervasive in all marketing activities, and a marketer's efforts are a part of the fabric of culture. D. Pricing and promotion of a product are free of the influence of culture. E. A successful marketer avoids the cultural influences of the target market in his marketing campaign.

C. Culture is pervasive in all marketing activities, and a marketer's efforts are a part of the fabric of culture.

Mike is conducting a marketing research study. He has defined the research problem and has established research objectives. According to the marketing research process, what should Mike immediately do next? A. Effectively communicate the problem and objectives to decision makers. B. Analyze, interpret, and summarize the results. C. Determine the sources of information to fulfill the research objectives. D. Assess the suitability of available statistical methods for analyzing the data. E. Evaluate the cost and benefits of the research effort.

C. Determine the sources of information to fulfill the research objectives.

Which of the following statements is true of expropriation? A. Expropriated assets are seized by the International Trade Administration. B. Expropriation is more gradual than domestication. C. Expropriated assets often become nationalized. D. Expropriated assets are insured by the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. E. Expropriation is the seizing of a company's assets without payment.

C. Expropriated assets often become nationalized. When the expropriated investment is nationalized, it becomes a government-run entity.

The recognition that foreign penetration of U.S. markets can cause serious competitive pressure, loss of market share, and, occasionally, severe financial harm is found in the import relief section of the: A. Monroe Doctrine. B. Single European Act. C. Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act. D. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. E. Roosevelt Corollary.

C. Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act. the import relief section of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act provides a menu of remedies for U.S. businesses adversely affected by imports.

Which of the following statements is true of the reliability of secondary data while conducting market research? A. The data in less developed countries are particularly prone to being less positive in nature when reported by these countries. B. Official statistics are predominantly less optimistic, reflecting practical reality rather than national pride. C. Reliability of data is affected by the tax structures prevailing in countries. D. Economic data about less developed countries are more reliable when reported by these countries. E. Willful errors in the reporting of marketing data are predominantly absent in most industrialized countries.

C. Reliability of data is affected by the tax structures prevailing in countries.

Which of the following is true of the influence of social institutions on culture? A. The technology of birth control has increased family sizes around the world. B. American women are leaving the workforce in growing numbers due to the Internet revolution. C. TV has replaced family time to the detriment of American culture. D. American educational system produces the largest percentage of college graduates compared to Russia and Japan. E. American officials are recognizing that children spend too much time in schools, which leads to the development of narrow minds.

C. TV has replaced family time to the detriment of American culture.

From the following options identify an accurate statement about cultural electives. A. They are behaviors and customs accepted internationally as signs of friendship. B. They are business customs that must be followed if relationships are to be successful. C. They are business customs that one may opt to conform to. D. They are customs or behavior patterns reserved exclusively for the locals. E. They are behaviors that must be avoided if relationships are to be successful.

C. They are business customs that one may opt to conform to.

Identify from the following a problem that is most commonly associated with the use of secondary data. A. defining the research problem B. ability to communicate opinions C. comparability of data D. storage of data E. willingness to respond

C. comparability of data

In the context of the research process, which of the following should a market researcher immediately do once he or she has determined the sources of information to fulfill the research objectives? A. assess the suitability of available statistical methods for analyzing the data B. interpret and tabulate the information gathered C. consider the costs and benefits of the research effort D. determine the goals of the research E. conduct surveys and in-depth interviews with the respondents

C. consider the costs and benefits of the research effort

According to the Heritage Foundation, the United States experienced its biggest drop in economic freedom because of the: A. massive rise in import tariffs worldwide during the period of 2005-2010. B. U.S. embargo against Cuba. C. controlling impact of the economic stimuli of 2008-2009. D. passing of the Smoot-Hawley Act. E. Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

C. controlling impact of the economic stimuli of 2008-2009.

Which of the following is one of the domestic environment uncontrollables that can have a direct effect on the success of a foreign venture? A. level of technology B. structure of distribution C. economic climate D. cultural forces E. geography and infrastructure

C. economic climate The domestic environment uncontrollables include political/legal forces, economic climate, and competition that can have a direct effect on the success of a foreign venture.

Group decision making predominates in most Asian cultures because they _____. A. emphasize rank and hierarchy B. are, in general, nonaggressive and peaceful C. emphasize harmony and collectivism D. lack expert professionals capable of bold decision making E. are feudal and paternalistic

C. emphasize harmony and collectivism

Mark, an American manager, visited Saudi Arabia for a business meeting. Despite being Christian, he attempted to act like a Muslim in a misguided attempt to please his host. Mark has violated a cultural _____. A. imperative B. elective C. exclusive D. landmark E. standard

C. exclusive

In the context of social responsibility and environmental management, by 2020, China's _____ will be more than double the closest rival, the United States. A. acid rain levels B. sharp waste volume C. greenhouse-gas emissions D. soil degradation levels E. traffic density

C. greenhouse-gas emissions

Which of the following is a characteristic of a relationship-oriented culture? A. monochronic time B. linguistic directness C. high power distance D. individualism E. low level of bribery

C. high power distance Japanese culture is high context, collectivistic, high power distance, far from English, polychronic (in part), linguistically indirect, and background focused, and it achieves efficiency through reduction of transaction costs; therefore, it is properly categorized as a relationship-oriented culture.

The International Trade Administration: A. provides aid to underdeveloped countries and has limited protection in support of "essential" projects in approved countries and for approved products. B. provides credit insurance that minimizes nonpayment risk caused by financial, economic, or political uncertainties. C. is dedicated to helping U.S. business compete in the global marketplace. D. underwrites trade and investments for U.S. firms. E. provides risk insurance for companies investing in less-developed countries.

C. is dedicated to helping U.S. business compete in the global marketplace.

Which of the following is true of a sovereign state? A. it is obligated to be a member of the World Trade Organization B. its political and economic systems are determined by the United Nations Development Programme C. it governs its own territory D. its territory is governed by the United Nations Security Council E. it is bounded by external control

C. it governs its own territory

Which of the following statements is true about quantitative research? A. it includes direct observation of consumers in choice or product usage situations B. it studies the dynamic interplay between peoples' feelings and their resulting actions C. it provides the marketer with responses that can be presented with precise estimations D. it includes questions that are primarily in-depth or open-ended E. it includes unstructured responses and excludes structured responses from its research

C. it provides the marketer with responses that can be presented with precise estimations

A company whose products reach foreign markets even though the company is not actively involved in cultivating customers outside the national boundaries is at the _____ stage of international marketing. A. active foreign marketing B. infrequent foreign marketing C. no direct foreign marketing D. regular foreign marketing E. global marketing

C. no direct foreign marketing

Exporting countries agree to voluntary export restraints (VERs) generally as an alternative to the threat of A. expulsion. B. disorderly marketing agreements. C. stiffer quotas and tariffs. D. export subsidies. E. standardization disparities.

C. stiffer quotas and tariffs. A VER is called voluntary because the exporting country sets the limits; however, it is generally imposed under the threat of stiffer quotas and tariffs being set by the importing country if a VER is not established.

Unlike domestic marketing, international marketing involves marketing activities that: A. direct the flow of a company's goods and services to consumers. B. fail to consider the political, legal, or economic issues of the marketing environment. C. take place in more than one country. D. consider the uncontrollable economic forces of the marketing environment. E. consider the competitive differences that exist in the new market.

C. take place in more than one country.

A(n) _____ is a tax imposed by a government on goods entering at its borders. A. predatory price B. standard C. tariff D. boycott E. embargo

C. tariff

Which of the following questions should be asked by a marketing researcher when trying to establish the reliability of secondary data sources in the international arena? A. How much does the data cost? B. What language is used in the parent country? C. Does the parent country's government encourage marketing research? D. Are the data internally consistent in light of known data sources? E. How long did it take to complete the survey in question?

D. Are the data internally consistent in light of known data sources?

Which of the following is true of Professor Jared Diamond's views regarding the influence of geography on history and cultural values? A. The Sahara was a busy trade route before transoceanic shipping began. B. African cultures dominated over Euro-Asian cultures due to their superior technology. C. Ambient temperature should be used as a market segmentation variable. D. Before the advent of transoceanic shipping, ideas flowed over the Silk Road. E. There are strong correlations between the latitude (climate) and the per capita GDP of countries.

D. Before the advent of transoceanic shipping, ideas flowed over the Silk Road.

_____ is generally a problem when managers from affluent countries work with managers and markets in less affluent countries. A. Xenocentrism B. Geocentrism C. Orientalism D. Ethnocentrism E. Global redlining

D. Ethnocentrism

Despite the emphasis on rank and hierarchy in Japanese social structure, business emphasizes _____ decision making—but at the top management level. A. committee B. decentralized C. centralized D. group E. autocratic

D. Group

A prominent monument at the entrance of Chapultepec Park recognizes Los Niños Heroes (the boy heroes), who chose death over surrender during the _____. A. Battle of San Jacinto B. Monroe Doctrine of 1813 C. Roosevelt Corollary of 1890 D. Mexican War of 1847 E. Gadsden Purchase of 1853

D. Mexican War of 1847

The World Bank estimates that five countries whose share of world trade is barely one-third that of the European Union will, by 2020, have a 50 percent higher share than that of the European Union. Which of the following is one of the countries included in this list? A. Canada B. Nigeria C. Netherlands D. Russia E. Rhodesia

D. Russia Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and Russia are the 5

In which of the following rounds of intergovernmental tariff negotiations was the World Trade Organization created? A. Geneva Round (1947) B. Tokyo Round (1974) C. Kennedy Round (1964) D. Uruguay Round (1994) E. Doha Round (2001)

D. Uruguay Round (1994) Perhaps the most notable achievement of the Uruguay Round (1994) was the creation of a new institution as a successor to the GATT—the World Trade Organization.

Michele Phillips has just begun to understand French culture, even though she has lived in France for two years. She is nearly fluent in French. However, learning to live in France will take some time. The process of how a person adjusts to a new culture is called A. socialization B. democratization C. sensitivity D. acculturation E. embodiment

D. acculturation

An awareness of one's own culture and the recognition that differences in others can cause anxiety, frustration, and misunderstanding of the host's intentions is essential to effective _____. A. evolution B. integration C. standardization D. adaptation E. competition

D. adaptation

Which of the following was termed as the worst kind of corruption by many government leaders in Southeast Asia during the 1997-1998 financial crisis? A. individualism B. consumerism C. judicial corruption D. currency speculation E. intellectual property

D. currency speculation

Which of the following was the main objective behind the United States's efforts to improve world trade by fostering economic growth in Europe and the underdeveloped world just after World War II? A. halting the growth of Nazi Germany B. dissolving the colonial powers C. restricting the growing power of the World Trade Organization D. dampening the spread of communism E. creating a trade bloc to counter the OPEC countries' clout

D. dampening the spread of communism

Which of the following uncontrollable elements is likely to have an adverse effect on a company's competitive position in foreign markets due to its influence on the company's investment capabilities? A. firm characteristics B. price C. channels of distributions D. disturbed domestic economy E. research

D. disturbed domestic economy

Elements such as structure of distribution and cultural forces are regarded as _____. A. home-country variables B. foreign environment controllables C. domestic environment uncontrollables D. foreign environment uncontrollables E. domestic environment controllables

D. foreign environment uncontrollables

When Rita Thomas' clothing company began to market its line of inexpensive cotton shirts in Africa, it assumed that it would be able to use its television and print advertising measures that had worked very well in the United States and other countries. However, the company soon learned that literacy rates and access to television in other areas of the world were not comparable to the level prevalent in the home country. This pushed the company to think of other promotional measures that were not heavily dependent on literacy and technology. The factors that created difficulties for Rita's company in this scenario can be regarded as: A. internal marketing controllables. B. domestic environment controllables. C. local environment uncontrollables. D. foreign environment uncontrollables. E. foreign environment controllables.

D. foreign environment uncontrollables.

Which of the following barriers require the importers who want to buy a foreign good to apply for an exchange permit? A. special supplementary duties B. import quota C. blocked currency D. government approval E. prior import deposit requirements

D. government approval For permission to exchange an amount of local currency for foreign currency.

Which of the following is most likely to cause the manifestation of nationalism? A. membership in bilateral trade treaties B. call to buy eco-friendly products C. voluntary restrictions on exports D. imposition of tariffs E. focus on global security

D. imposition of tariffs Feelings of nationalism are manifested in a variety of ways, including a call to "buy our country's products only" (e.g., "Buy American"), restrictions on imports, restrictive tariffs, and other barriers to trade.

A country is ruled by one man alone. This country's form of government is most accurately referred to as: A. oligarchy. B. monopoly. C. democracy. D. monarchy. E. aristocracy.

D. monarchy.

Samantha is carrying out a marketing research study. Even after seeking all reasonable available secondary data sources, she has not been able to adequately answer the research questions. In such a situation, Samantha must collect _____ data. A. cohort B. syndicated C. derived D. primary E. referential

D. primary

Which of the following organizations classifies a country's economic development and groups countries into three categories that include more-developed countries, less-developed countries, and least-developed countries? A. the U.S. Department of Commerce B. the International Economic Development Council C. the International Organization for Standardization D. the United Nations E. the World Trade Organization

D. the United Nations

The Export-Import Bank: A. provides aid to underdeveloped countries and has limited protection in support of "essential" projects in approved countries and for approved products. B. provides credit insurance that minimizes nonpayment risk caused by financial, economic, or political uncertainties. C. is dedicated to helping U.S. business compete in the global marketplace. D. underwrites trade and investments for U.S. firms. E. provides risk insurance for companies investing in less-developed countries.

D. underwrites trade and investments for U.S. firms.

Which of the following is true of communication infrastructures as a part of international commerce? A. The television was the first medium of communication to be invented. B. Businesses that retain their old practices in the face of new technology tend to flourish. C. The telegraph had a greater effect on commerce as compared to the Internet or mobile phones. D. Improvements in communication have been slow to influence the expansion of trade. E. Each new communications technology has spawned new business models.

E. Each new communications technology has spawned new business models.

Which of the following is true of social institutions in the context of global marketing? A. Nepotism is seen as an organizing principle in American organizations. B. The ratio of male to female children is independent of culture. C. The education gap between men and women is increasing around the world. D. Favoritism for girls is deep-seated in Chinese culture. E. Family forms and functions vary substantially around the world.

E. Family forms and functions vary substantially around the world.

Which of the following is true of global awareness in the context of international marketing? A. Global awareness in the context of international marketing strictly limits itself to the knowledge of the economic aspects of the country. B. Global awareness cannot be built into an organization as it represents an individual's tendency to be aware and knowledgeable about the world. C. Global awareness in America has primarily been obtained by creating culturally diverse senior executive staff and top management members. D. Global awareness can hardly be obtained through personal relationships and social ties with people in other countries. E. Global awareness can be generated by selecting individual managers specifically for their demonstrated levels of global awareness.

E. Global awareness can be generated by selecting individual managers specifically for their demonstrated levels of global awareness.

Which of the following is true of the strategy of planned and unplanned change in global marketing? A. Cultural congruence involves deliberately changing certain aspects of culture to meet marketing goals. B. All marketing efforts require planned or unplanned change in order to be accepted. C. Planned change involves marketing products similar to the ones already on the market. D. The first step in bringing about planned change in a society is to remove obstacles for acceptance of a product. E. Social planners gained the acceptance of protein-rich diets among the peoples of underdeveloped societies using the strategy of planned change.

E. Social planners gained the acceptance of protein-rich diets among the peoples of underdeveloped societies using the strategy of planned change. The first step in bringing about planned change in a society is to determine which cultural factors conflict with an innovation, thus creating resistance to its acceptance. The next step is an effort to change those factors from obstacles to acceptance into stimulants for change. The same deliberate approaches used by the social planner to gain acceptance for hybrid grains, better sanitation methods, improved farming techniques, or protein-rich diets among the peoples of underdeveloped societies can be adopted by marketers to achieve marketing goals.

Based on the growing popularity of smaller families worldwide, what do experts predict for the future? A. As countries move toward service economies, larger families will be more favored in the future. B. Countries with larger families will outdo developed countries owing to their larger talent pool. C. As smaller families increase, the multiplier effect could increase world population beyond control by the year 2040. D. Countries facing labor shortages will encourage and popularize larger families. E. The planet's population will actually begin to decline after the middle of the century unless major breakthroughs in longevity intervene.

E. The planet's population will actually begin to decline after the middle of the century unless major breakthroughs in longevity intervene.

Lester Thurow omitted a fourth kind of capitalism—that is common in Chinese cultures. Its distinguishing characteristics are a more entrepreneurial approach and an emphasis on guanxi as the coordinating principle among firms. In this context, the term guanxi refers to _____. A. a focus on community building B. the formation of trade unions C. state capitalism D. a feudal-capitalist nexus E. an emphasis on one's network of personal connections

E. an emphasis on one's network of personal connections

In general, tariffs restrict: A. inflationary pressures. B. special interests' privileges. C. government control in economic matters. D. quotas. E. choices available to consumers.

E. choices available to consumers. In general, tariffs restrict manufacturers' supply sources, choices available to consumers, and competition.

Sean Jay, a successful retail chain from Spain, failed to establish its market in Germany. The main reasons for its failure were designing its retail outlets in Germany the same way it did in Spain and selling its products at low prices. People in Spain like to purchase products at bargain prices, whereas people in Germany often associate low prices with poor quality products. This shows that Sean Jay failed to consider which of the following uncontrollable factors in Germany? A. political forces B. foreign policies C. technological forces D. economic forces E. cultural influences

E. cultural influences

Which of the following would be considered a controllable element in the domestic environment? A. competition B. economic climate C. legal forces D. political forces E. firm characteristics

E. firm characteristics

Allen Ltd. is a cosmetics company in the United Kingdom. When Allen ventured into the Chinese market by setting up a manufacturing plant in China, the activists in China rallied against the company claiming that it is exploiting the cheap labor available there. They demanded that the manufacturing plant be closed down. Which of the following foreign environment uncontrollables is posing a challenge for Allen Ltd. in the above scenario? A. sales measures B. competitive forces C. marketing concepts D. level of technology E. political/legal forces

E. political/legal forces

Valencia Corp. has permanent productive capacity devoted to the production of goods and services to be marketed in Asian markets. In addition to this, the primary focus of operations and production is to service domestic market needs in the United States. In the context of international marketing involvement, Valencia Corp. is most likely at the _____. A. internal marketing stage B. global marketing stage C. domestic marketing stage D. no direct foreign marketing stage E. regular foreign marketing stage

E. regular foreign marketing stage

An American business wants to enter a foreign market. Which of the following is most likely to be at the top of the list of political issues concerning the business? A. the existence of voluntary export restrictions B. the practice of acculturation C. the presence of nongovernmental organizations D. the existence of cyberterrorism E. the instability of prevailing government policies

E. the instability of prevailing government policies

Predatory pricing is the practice whereby a foreign producer intentionally sells its products in a market for less than the cost of production to: A. meet the deficiencies in the reserves account of the foreign country. B. create a positive balance of payments for the foreign producer's country. C. abide by the voluntary export restriction agreement. D. overcome antidumping laws. E. undermine the competition and take control of the market.

E. undermine the competition and take control of the market.