Intor Sociology: Unite 3- Class, Gender, & Race
Research found that hate crimes decreased after same sex marriage was legalized.
False
Stereotypes can stem from prejudice, which are predetermined ideas about groups of people.
False
The "one-drop rule" indicates that, through U.S. history, racial labels were never determined by one's heritage.
False
When Hale gave birth, the doctor held the infant in the air and declared "it's a boy!" The doctor announced the infant's gender.
False
Conflict theory offers which perspective on gender?
Gender is a category that is used to privilege men and oppress women.
Which statement best describes the difference between sex and gender?
Gender is socially constructed, while sex is determined by biology.
The results of which event allowed White people to once again dominate political power in the South and lead to the establishment of Jim Crow laws?
Hayes-Tilden Compromise of 1877
Which piece of legislation worked to abolish national immigration quotas and did much to increase immigration and alter the racial makeup of the United States?
Immigration Act of 1965
Most Native Americans receive their health care through the federal government's ______.
Indian Health Service
What Supreme Court decision abolished state laws banning interracial marriage?
Loving v. Virginia
A person who views gender from a structural functionalist perspective is most likely to agree with which statement?
Men and women play different but complementary roles.
Which person demonstrates Durkheim's concept of internal inequalities?
Mona wanted to go to medical school but she couldn't get her grades up high enough, so she graduated with a degree in communication and went to work as a pharmaceutical rep.
What effect has Bonilla-Silva's concept of minimization had on U.S. society in recent years?
Opposition to interracial marriage has declined.
Which of the following statements is true regarding how parents interact differently with their children based on gender?
Parents interact with sons in more aggressive and physical styles of play than they do with daughters.
What is the difference between prejudice and stereotype?
Prejudice is a belief about a group that is not subject to change on the basis of evidence, whereas stereotypes are generalizations of a set of characteristics to all members of a group.
Which statement best describes the relationship between prejudice and discrimination?
Prejudice is irrational feelings toward groups, and discrimination is unfair treatment of groups.
Which statement most accurately describes the difference between race and ethnicity?
Race is socially constructed, while ethnicity refers to shared cultural heritage.
Which act limited immigration based on nation of origin, the Census, and eligibility for citizenship?
The Immigration Act of 1924
Which statement best explains why the unofficial barrier women and minorities face when trying to advance to upper levels of a corporation is referred to as a "glass ceiling?"
The ceiling is invisible and not openly acknowledged in the working world.
What was the end result in the case of Susie Guillory Phipps and the state of Louisiana?
The court declared that Phipps qualified as Black because her lineage was 3/32 Black, exceeding the 1/32 limits set in 1970.
President Barack Obama is a mixed race individual who identifies as Black, even though he is half White. How did the practice of identifying as Black even if a person is not 100% Black begin?
The one-drop rule in the early 20th century stated that if you had any trace of Black racial heritage, you were Black.
What Amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery?
Thirteenth, 13
Among all racial and ethnic groups, Asian Americans have the highest levels of inequality in the United States.
True
Despite laws that prohibit them, redlining practices still persist in some places.
True
Evidence suggests that homophobia is less prevalent in the United States.
True
Gender is a socially constructed concept that exists in some form in all societies.
True
Harley was assigned male at birth and identifies as a man. In other words, his gender identity corresponds with the sex assigned to him at birth, so he is cisgender.
True
Ignoring the issue of racism does not reduce racism in societies that have a racial hierarchy.
True
More women than ever are now serving in the US House of Representatives.
True
Most people who file sexual harassment claims are fired or demoted.
True
Of the minority groups, Asian Americans tend to have the lowest unemployment rates and highest levels of education and income.
True
One out of three pop songs that appear on the Billboard Hot 100 degrades women.
True
Parents tend to see more gender differences between boy and girl babies than actually exist.
True
Racism requires prejudice and institutional power.
True
Symbolic interactionists believe that gender is chosen by individuals, but that choice is constrained by cultural norms.
True
The Human Genome Project has shown that there are more genetic differences within racial groups than between them.
True
The most common solution used to assign an intersex child a sex is through surgery.
True
The presidential elections of 2016 and 2020 led to a backlash against minority groups and an increase in hate crimes.
True
Today, 18- to 34-year-olds are less likely to be sexually active than they have been for three decades.
True
Using a sociological eye will help you notice patterns of racial inequality and make you better capable of holding leaders in your community accountable for addressing them.
True
Why did women experience higher rates of unemployment than men during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Women are more likely to work in face-to-face professions.
According to recent data, how does gender influence sexual identity in college hookup culture?
Women in same-sex hookups are less likely than men in same-sex hookups to identify as gay.
Which statement about gender and hookup culture is true?
Women who engage in casual sex are viewed more negatively than men.
Which of Eduardo Bonilla-Silva's frames of the colorblind perspective on race occurs when a person agrees that everyone should have the same rights but opposes policies toward achieving this goal?
abstract liberalism
Which is considered a pull factor driving immigration?
access to safe housing in the second country
Most people in the United States today make a determination about a person's race based on ______.
appearance
Which of these is most likely to engage in risky behaviors, such as bullying and suicide?
boys and men who conform to hypermasculinity
In which industry are women more likely than men to hold a position?
caretaking
In which jobs are men more likely than women to be employed?
computer programming
Which of Robert Park's steps in the assimilation process involves competing for goods and power?
conflict
Parul believes that racism has been a scourge on American culture as it has held Black people back from achieving the economic benefits that White people enjoy. Maurice disagreed, saying that the Black culture is what has held them back, not racism. Which of Eduardo Bonilla-Silva's frames of the colorblind perspective on race does Maurice subscribe to?
culturalization
The number of teens and young adults who have had sex ______ over the past two decades.
decreased
When Joe interviews applicants for a job, he automatically excludes anyone who is not White. This best demonstrates ______.
discrimination
Why are Black and Hispanic families more likely to have absent or unemployed parents?
discrimination in the criminal justice system
Shows like Modern Family and Transparent have resulted in people having more ______.
empathy for the LGBT community
A company implements mandatory diversity training for all employees. The human resource officer explains how people can report racism in the office and disciplinary action will be swiftly taken against perpetrators. How would an effective diversity program consultant evaluate the company's diversity initiative?
emphasizing infractions and sanctions will create adversarial relations among workers and managers
Vaishnavi is an Indian American student who shares the same language, nation of origin, and religion as her Indian American peers. This best refers to Vaishnavi's ______.
ethnicity
Declan was born and raised in Scotland, and he believes that Scottish culture is better than all other cultures around the world. This is an example of ______.
ethnocentrism
People who believe that immigrants from certain cultures are inferior and will ruin their culture if they are allowed to immigrate are showing a high degree of ______.
ethnocentrism
Negative views toward Muslim immigrants in the European Union are more common among which group?
far-right political orientation
The perspective that provides us with the most inclusive and overall view of how gender operates in our lives is called ______.
gender as social structure
Symbolic interactionists assume that ______.
gender is hard to modify once we have learned it
In high school, boys and girls are expected to adhere to ______ by acting in a way that is considered appropriate for their assigned genders.
gender scripts
If a White person and a Black person both apply for a mortgage at the same bank, and both have the same credit histories, the White person is much more likely to be approved. The banks may justify this by saying that historically, White people have a better history of making payments, but according to the text, it is really ______.
institutional discrimination
RJ attends a school where most students are people of color. Since funding for the school relies on local taxes, and most people living in the community are of low socioeconomic status, RJ's school receives less funding than schools in predominantly White communities. This best exemplifies ______.
institutional discrimination
A newborn who has ambiguous genitalia and cannot be clearly identified as biologically male or female is referred to as ______.
intersex
Some babies are born with genitals that are not clearly male or female. This is called ______.
intersex
Courts found the Trump administration's immigration ban unconstitutional because ______.
it was clearly intended to focus on Muslim majority nations
Which category indicates sexuality?
lesbian
In a debate with her peers about racial inequality, Maura said, "Well, slavery was abolished way back in 1865 and racism isn't as prevalent as it once was." Which of the four themes in the color-blind perspective does Maura's view best demonstrate?
minimization
What is sexuality?
our emotional and physical attraction to a particular sex
Research demonstrates that boys today are ______ in children's books.
overrepresented
According to W. E. B. Du Bois, the only way to keep a dominant racial group from exploiting subordinate racial groups and poorer members of their own racial group for power is to ______.
overthrow the system and replace it
Male characters are more likely to be described as ______ in children's literature.
playful or fun
Maxine refuses to go to a certain grocery store because it is where all the Black people shop and it makes her nervous. This best demonstrates ______.
prejudice
The Fair Housing Act of 1968 prohibited discrimination by landlords and property owners on the basis of ______.
race and national origin
One of the reasons White Americans make up 60% of public but 77% of the members of congress is ______.
racial gerrymandering
Lian is Chinese American and Aiko is Japanese. They share the same ______.
racial label
Carl is a White man who believes White people are superior to all other groups. Which concept does this best demonstrate?
racism
What can companies do to address the gender wage gap?
reducing work hours
Maurice was born a boy, but since an early age he has identified as a girl in his preference for dress and traditionally female activities. Maurice's ______ is male.
sex
Babs was considering quitting her job. Her boss and several of the men liked to stand around and tell off-color jokes, and they would watch when she walked by and comment on her appearance. This is legally defined as ______.
sexual harassment
Following the Civil War, a group called The Lost Causers promoted an idea that the Civil War was not about slavery, and ______.
slavery had been a positive thing for African Americans
Company A has a parental leave rule that allows both new fathers and new mothers to take paid time off for 8 weeks. This is a ______ that provides gender equality.
social policy
When Frank sees someone driving badly, he assumes it is a woman driver. Frank is demonstrating ______.
stereotypes
Talia thinks society works best when men play the role of the breadwinner while women play the role of the caretaker. With which perspective on gender does Talia's view most closely align?
structural functionalist
What medical specialty tends to have more men than women, which reflects gender roles in society and contributes to the wage gap?
surgery
Which perspective focuses on how people wear clothing and behave in ways that they feel are appropriate for their "chosen" gender?
symbolic interactionism
What law prohibited landlords and property owners from discriminating against people based on race or national origin?
the Fair Housing Act
Etsuko is a civil engineer. She makes a salary of $69,570 in her job. Saburo started at the same time and does the same work, but he makes $80,900. This demonstrates ______.
the gender wage gap
What is discrimination?
the unfair treatment of groups of people
Mike is a high school student who was assigned female at birth. He has always felt like a boy and prefers to dress masculine. Mike is ______.
transgender
People who identify with a gender other than the one assigned to them at birth are ______.
transgender
Which of these are actions suggested in the text to address racial and ethnic discrimination in society?
vote for political candidates who want to address racism and ethnocentrism
Which statement best demonstrates the naturalization theme of the color-blind perspective on race?
"We are biologically programmed to segregate along the lines of race."
In general, women make ______ cents for every dollar that men make in the United States.
80-83
Which of these racial categories was included on the 2020 Census?
Asian
In 2021, which racial demographic had the highest unemployment rate in the United States?
Black
Which statement about racial disparities in the criminal justice system is true?
Black people are more likely than White people to face arrests for drug charges.
Which characteristic tends to relate to negative views toward Muslim immigrants?
Christian identity
Correctly arrange the four steps in Robert Park's assimilation process.
Contact Conflict Accommodation Assimilation
Barbara Risman's gender as social structure theory assumes that institutions and organizations have more influence on gender than socialization does.
False
Based on the results of a study on gender bias in STEM, we can conclude men tend to favor male applicants over female applicants, while women tend to favor applicants equally regardless of gender.
False
Compulsory diversity training programs to reduce bias in firms on the job and in hiring practices have been highly successful.
False
Corinne notices that girls tend to be given dolls while boys tend to be given model cars. She concludes that toys are used to socially construct gender identity. This demonstrates the conflict perspective.
False
Discrimination does not occur without prejudice or at least intent.
False
During the Colonial Era, women were very chaste and premarital sex was taboo.
False
During the Colonial era, sexual activity typically only occurred among married couples.
False
Durkheim argued that the presence of external inequality--like racial discrimination--in an industrial society serves an important function.
False
Gang violence is a pull factor that drives immigration.
False
Gender socialization begins around adolescence.
False
Gender socialization is a process that ends once children hit puberty.
False
In the United States, people base determination of their own race on what their parents' races are. Nothing else really matters.
False
Institutional racism requires clear intent to hurt another racial group.
False
Medicine is the one occupation in which there is no gender wage gap.
False
Men still surpass women in earning PhDs and professional degrees.
False
