Intro anatomy Ch 11 and 14

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced. Lymphopoiesis Leukopenia Erythropoiesis Anemia Leukemia

Anemia

________ enable the immune system to launch a faster, stronger response to a previously encountered antigen. NK cells Pathogenic cells Helper T cells Memory cells Plasma cells

Memory cells

Choose the most accurate characteristic of B cells. They help establish and control the sensitivity of the immune response. They continually monitor peripheral tissues. They differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. They attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses, and cancer cells that appear in normal tissues. They stimulate the activities of T cells.

They differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.

________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. Tonsils Lymph nodes Thymus glands Peyer patches Complements

Tonsils

What is a benefit of a vascular spasm at the onset of hemostasis? an easier passage for neutrophils to the site of injury greater availability of calcium the formation of collagen fibers an increase in peripheral blood flow a reduction in blood loss

a reduction in blood loss

Type AB blood contains A agglutinins on the red blood cells. agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B. agglutinin A and B. B agglutinins in the plasma. B agglutinogens on the red blood cells.

agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B.

During a typical immune response, activated B cells mature into cells that produce ________, which bind(s) to and attack(s) foreign invaders. perforins heparin antigens antibodies complement proteins

antibodies

In artificially induced active immunity, the body receives antibodies produced by another person. exposure to an antigen in the environment occurs naturally. antibody production is stimulated under controlled conditions. antibodies are administered to prevent disease after exposure to the pathogen. genes for antibodies are introduced into the body.

antibody production is stimulated under controlled conditions.

Neutrophils are not phagocytic. are responsible for specific defenses. are agranulocytes. are active in fighting bacterial infection. have multiple nuclei.

are active in fighting bacterial infection.

The average life span of a red blood cell is about 4 months. 1 year. 1 month. 1 week. 6 months.

4 months.

Platelets are fixed macrophages. cellular fragments. surface antigens. immature leukocytes. giant, multinucleated cells.

cellular fragments.

A hemoglobin molecule contains three protein chains, four heme groups, and two iron ions. four protein chains, six heme groups, and two iron ions. four protein chains, two heme groups, and two iron ions. four protein chains, four heme groups, and four iron ions. two protein chains, two heme groups, and four iron ions.

four protein chains, four heme groups, and four iron ions.

When large numbers of RBCs break down in the circulation, the urine can turn reddish or brown in a condition called sickle cell anemia. pernicious anemia. hemoglobinuria. leucopenia. septicemia.

hemoglobinuria

A sample of tissue from an injury shows a large number of eosinophils. This would indicate that the tissue was infected by parasites. abscessed. infected by viruses. being rejected. inflamed.

infected by parasites.

A bacterial infection in the foot would most likely affect lymph nodes in which of the following regions? axillary cervical inguinal mammary brachial

inguinal

Which are the primary cells of the lymphatic system? lymph nodes lymphocytes phagocytes pyrogens mast cells

lymphocytes

Which is the action of histamine? increases rate of metabolism makes capillaries more permeable and speeds up blood flow through the area of damaged tissue interferes with viral replication inside the cell releases digestive enzymes that destroy the injured cells and then attacks the surrounding tissues enhances phagocytosis

makes capillaries more permeable and speeds up blood flow through the area of damaged tissue

Which of the following is an agranulocyte? basophil erythrocyte neutrophil monocyte eosinophil

monocyte

The white blood cells that are important in leaving the blood vessels and phagocytizing large materials, releasing chemicals that draw fibroblasts to the injured areas, are monocytes. neutrophils. lymphocytes. eosinophils. basophils.

monocytes.

Allowing small children to be exposed to some dirt is one way of imparting naturally acquired passive immunity. naturally acquired active immunity. innate (nonspecific) immunity. artificially induced passive immunity. artificially induced active immunity.

naturally acquired active immunity.

A foreign microorganism that may cause disease in humans is called a(n) antigen. pathogen. plaque. antibody. pathology.

pathogen.

The thymus gland is positioned in the inguinal region. posterior to the sternum. posterior to the thyroid gland. inferior to the heart. posterior to the trachea.

posterior to the sternum.

A person's blood type is determined by the size and shape of red blood cells. number of antibodies in the plasma. presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane. chemical character of hemoglobin. type of oxygen- and carbon dioxide-binding sites on the hemoglobin molecules.

presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane.

Which of the following is a primary function of the lymphatic system? circulation of nutrients production, maintenance, and distribution of plasma proteins production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes blocking the action of histamine circulation of hormones

production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes

In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the red bone marrow. yellow bone marrow. thymus. spleen. liver.

red bone marrow.

The process of blood clotting is an example of which function of blood? restricting fluid losses at injury sites stabilizing body temperature transporting dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes defending against toxins and pathogens regulating the pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids

restricting fluid losses at injury sites

One method by which cytotoxic T cells destroy their target cells is by releasing substances that rupture cell membranes. produce memory T cells. suppress the antigen recognition process. increase protein production. enhance ribosomal activities.

rupture cell membranes.

The two collecting ducts that ultimately drain the lymphatic vessels are the intestinal duct and left celiac trunk. thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct. lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct. thyrocervical trunk and bronchomediastinal duct. bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct.

thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.

The wall structure of lymphatics and the flow of lymph through them are comparable to those of veins. elastic arteries. the vena cava. arterioles. muscular arteries.

veins.

The function of hemoglobin is to bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. absorb and neutralize the acids generated by active tissues. aid in the process of blood clotting. carry nutrients from the intestine to the body's cells. protect the body against pathogens.

bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.