Intro to business Ch 10

An assumption about people made by a theory Y manager is that people:

naturally like to work

Taylor's scientific management became the dominant strategy for improving _____ in the early 20th century.

productivity

Expectancy theory recognizes that individuals establish their own views of tasks difficulty and the value of the _____ to that person.

reward

which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for Management by Objectives?

Drucker's Goal-setting theory

giving employees authority to make decisions and the tools to implement them is referred to as:

Empowerment

Which item was listed by workers as creating enthusiasm for job content?

Sense of achievement

motivation:

moves people to action

which type of management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s?

scientific

Herzberg's study of motivating factors led to the conclusion that the best way to motivate workers is to:

-recognize their achievements through advancement -make their jobs interesting

The responsibilities of a manager implementing MBO include:

-setting goals with the employees -rewarding employee accomplishments

Select examples of characteristics of a manager with a theory X mentality:

-telling people what to do and how to do it -very busy checking others

_______ _____ do not move people to action when present in the workplace.

Hygiene factors

According to Herzberg, ______ lead people to be productive and satisfy them, whereas ________ factors create dissatisfaction if missing.

motivators; hygiene

Herzberg studied the relationship between:

motivation and job-related factors

Job enrichment theory is based on the higher level motivators of which theories?

- Frederick Herzberg - Abraham Maslow

According to Vroom's expectancy theory, an employee asks which of the following questions before committing maximum effort to a task?

-Can I accomplish the task? -If I accomplish the task, what is the reward? -Is the reward worth the effort?

The relationship between expectancy theory and employee motivation lies in the individual worker's belief that

-achieving the goal will be rewarded -he or she is capable of achieving the goal -the reward is worth the effort

Managers can work to improve perceptions of equity by:

-clarifying expected outcomes from goals that are achieved -communicating as clearly as possible -clarifying the results they expect from an employee

Small businesses can motivate employees by:

-giving employees small equity stakes -offering flexible schedules -telling them their work is appreciated

According to Ouchi's Theory, which of these elements are included in Type A management?

-individual decision making -rapid promotion

Select assumptions made by Theory X managers about people

-people are motivated to avoid punishment -people must be controlled & forced to work -people prefer to avoid work.

Herzberg found that workers were not motivated by factors related to the ___ ________.

Job Environment

Moving worker from one job to another to increase variety and motivation is ______ ______.

Job rotation

Which element in the work environment was found to be dissatisfying when not present, but when present did not serve as a motivator for workers?

Job security

What kind of study analyzes which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task?

Time motion

According to a survey of recent college graduates, opportunities for _________ are important in attracting and retaining employees.

advancement

According to Herzberg's theory, employees require basic tools to do their work and are _______ in their absence, however, employees are _______ when involved in the decision making.

dissatisfied; motivated

a motivational strategy that focuses on motivating the worker through the design of the job itself is called job ______.

enrichment

________ theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward.

expectancy

the bases of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory is that motivation and effort is affected by:

expectations of achieving a desirable outcome

when you receive something in recognition of good work, such as a bonus or pay raise, is it an example of an intrinsic or extrinsic reward?

extrinsic

According to Herzberg, which of the following motivates workers instead of being a hygiene factor?

interesting work

the conclusion of Herzberg's theory is that the best way to create more productive employees is to add _____ factors and satisfy the hygiene factors.

motivating

According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide ________.

motivation

The tendency for people to act differently when they know they are being studied is:

the Hawthorne effect

Which of the following are examples of factors that contributed to increased worker productivity during the Hawthorne studies?

-social group membership and informality -management respect and interaction -worker involvement in managerial decisions.

which of these are basic elements of Taylor's Scientific Methods?

-time -method -rules of work

the belief that your work makes a difference and gives you satisfaction is an example of:

an intrinsic reward