Intro to business chapters 7&10

Gen X managers understand that

- results are more important than hours spent in the workplace - flexibility in consensus building work well - there is more to life than work

Small business can motivate their workers without increasing costs by giving them

-A collaborative work environment -stock options or equity stakes

Match the generation to the birth years listed

-Baby Boomer- 1946-1964 -Generation X- 1965-1980 -Generation Y (millennial)- 1980-1995 -Generation Z- 1995- 2009

That affects on organizations of unmotivated and unhappy workers include

-Poor relationships with customers -high recruitment and training costs

The responsibilities of a manager implementing MBO include

-Setting goals with employee -rewarding employee accomplishments

Which of the following elements are included in Ouchi's type J management

-consensual decision making -implicit controls

Nadler and lawler's modifications to expectancy theory include:

-determining what awards employees value -ensuring that performance standards are attainable

When using MBO, a manager must

-develop commitment to goals -formulate goals cooperatively with employees

According to Herzberg, hygiene (maintenance) factors at work would include:

-good working conditions -Job security

The elements of scientific management include:

-rules of work -Time -method

Taylor's method was to:

-teach people the one best what to do their jobs -determine the one "best" way -study the most efficient way to do a task

An example of United parcel service has used the principles of scientific management is

-the use of tools such as ring scanners to read a barcode -The use of simulators to teach employees to lift packages correctly

What is the purpose of management by objectives

-to engage all levels of the organization in goalsetting and implementation -to reward the accomplishment of organization goals -to monitor the result of implementing goals

Characteristics of millennials in the workplace are being

-tolerant -multitaskers -adaptable

Positive characteristics of the Gen Z in the workplace include

-wanting to confront their problems -being inspired to improve the world -being resilient

According to Ouchi's Theory Z, type ______ management is achievement orientated.

A

Choose the central idea of management by objectives

Employees need to motivate themselves

Giving employees the authority to make decisions and the tools to implement them is referred to as:

Empowerment

______ would be a key technique that would be comfortable for a manager with theory Y assumptions

Empowerment

Job _____ is a form of job Enrichmentthat involves combining task into one challenging and interesting assignment

Enlargement

_____ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform

Equity

_______ Theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task in the value they place on the reward

Expectancy

Ouchi's Theory Z is based on viewing the organization as a(n) ______ that fosters cooperation and organizational values

Family

Trust within the ____ is at the heart of type J management

Family

A theory X manager is likely to think that the primary motivators are _____ and _____

Fear and punishment

The generational group of managers that expect to give and get more feedback on their work are

Gen X

_______ - _______ Theory, The basis for management by objective developed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s, proposes that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance

Goal - setting

The ______ studies were inspired by the research of Frederick Taylor

Hawthorne

Management by objectives mean that managers

Include employees in setting goals so that employees are self-motivated

An example of Maslow's hierarchy is when a person has eaten, is full from a six course meal, and:

Is no longer motivated by hunger

Type ___ and type ___ management takes a collective approach to management

J and Z

Combining tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment for a worker is called:

Job enlargement

There are many methods of _____ _____ that focus on the design of the job itself in order to motivate employees

Job enrichment

Moving a worker from one job to another to increase variety and motivation is

Job rotation

Moving workers from one task to the next to make work more interesting and motivating is called

Job rotation

Which element in the work environment was found to be this dissatisfying when not present, but pressent did not serve as a motivator for workers

Job security

An assumption about people by a Theory Y manager would be that workers ________ work.

Like

A higher level need on Maslow's hierarchy will not be a motivator until _____ - _____ needs have been satisfied

Lower - level

In the 1960s, Peter Drucker designed a method of management that includes employees in goal setting, known as which of the following?

Management by objectives

The system of goalsetting and information with discussion, review and evaluation of objectives is called

Management by objectives

The group of workers most hurt by the recession is the

Millennials

When asked in a survey the reason for changing jobs:

More participants listed lack of appreciation

In a service environment, scientific management is demonstrated by breaking down the steps needed to perform the service, then timing a person delivering it to determine if economy of _____ can be improved

Motion

In a service environment, scientific management is demonstrated by breaking down the steps needed to perform the service, then timing a person delivering it to determine if economy of ______ can be improved

Motion

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth develop the principle of _____ _____

Motion economy

An excellent way to recognize a job well done and _____ employees to continue the effort is to praise the person out loud for their work

Motivate

Creating an upbeat, relaxed company culture helps small businesses ______ their workers instead of using monetary incentives

Motivate

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, after you have eaten, you are no longer ____ to find food

Motivated

Scientific management theory focuses on making work activities more efficient, whereas the Hawthorne studies focus on worker ____

Motivation

Victor vroom believed that the level of employee expectation of achieving an outcome has a direct effect on ______ and effort

Motivation

Motivation:

Moves people to action

Which management theory uses this time-motion studies to find the one best method for workers to perform each task and then teaches them that method?

Taylor's scientific management

Lower level workers such as housekeepers in a hotel can be aided in satisfying _____ _____ needs by discussing with the hotel would be like in their absence. This gives meaning to their job and their presence.

Higher- level

Increased worker productivity during the first Hawthorne studies determined that ____ and _____ factors affected productivity

Human and psychological

As lower-level needs are fulfilled in Maslow's hierarchy the higher-level, unmet needs become

The motivators

A type of chart used to track and plan worker activity developed by a researcher who follow Taylor's principles is called

A Gantt chart

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, when a lower level need has been met:

A higher level need will emerge as a motivator

Understanding motivation in global organizations is

A new challenge for most firms

Job enlargement is when

A series of tasks are combined to create an interesting and challenging job

Japanese type J management is based on trust and intimacy while U.S. Type A management is based on individual rights and _____

Achievements

Match the generation to characteristics that describe it

Baby boomer- grew up in prosperity, parents had secured jobs, optimistic about the future Generation X- grew up with both parents working, seeks work life balance, values career security Generation Y- grew up with indulgent parents, technologically savvy, values frequent positive feedback

Based on the expectancy theory, before providing maximum effort to a task, employees will ask themselves three questions. Which of these is the first question employees need to answer

Can I accomplish the task?

Gen Xers prefer to seek economic security by changing jobs to create _____ security

Career

Findings during the Hawthorne studies that still affect management today include:

Consulting employees during the decision making process and using their ideas

Choose the most accurate list of steps involved in organizations management by objectives system

Discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives

Well not motivators, the absence of certain factors from the job environment will cause:

Dissatisfaction

Match the Maslow hierarchy level to the corresponding need

Physiological- food, shelter, clothing Safety- job security Social- group acceptance at work Esteem- recognition from the boss Self-actualization- feeling that one's full potential has been attained

During the Hawthorne studies, researchers were baffled when _____ went up regardless of change environmental conditions

Productivity

Taylor's scientific management became the dominant strategy for improving ______ in the early Twentieth century

Productivity

Scientific management viewed people as machines that needed to be

Programmed

Letting people know their work is appreciated is usually a more powerful motivator than giving only a(n)

Raise

Characteristics of Gen Z in the workplace include

Resilience

When UPS uses a stopwatch to do a time-motion study of package delivery times, they are applying the principles of _____ management to the workplace

Scientific

Good job enrichment process involves creating _____ variety and _____ significance on the job in order to motivate workers

Skill variety Task significance

Match the key elements of job enrichment to their meaning.

Skill variety- The extent to which a job demands different skills. Task identity- The degree to which the job requires doing a test with a visible outcome from beginning to end. Task significance- The degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of others in the company. Autonomy- The degree of freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling work and determining procedures. Feedback- The amount of direct and clear information given about job performance.

Joe has just signed a three-year contract with his employer and owns his own home. Which level of needs will he now be motivated to fill

Social

The management by objectives system is most effective in _______ situations that allow long-range planning

Stable

Taylor's methods such as ____ - _____ Studies are still used today at united parcel service (ups)

Time- motion

Studies about which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task or referred to as ________ studies

Time-motion

Unlike scientific management, the Hawthorne studies found that employee productivity was more affected by

-feeling respected -participating in decision-making

Coaching and helping employees are different in that coaching requires a manager to:

-guide -teach -recommend

Employers can recognize a job well done by:

-increasing pay -providing a path for advancement -increasing employee responsibilities

Small businesses can motivate employees by

-offering flexible schedules -telling them their work is appreciated -giving employees more equity stakes

Select assumptions made by theory X managers about people:

-people are motivated to avoid punishment -people prefer to avoid work -people must be controlled and forced to work

To use self-managed teams to improve productivity, management must reinvent work by

-respecting workers -develping workers' skills -allowing autonomy

The _____ ______ gave birth to the human-based management movement since it identified that workers feelings and attitude affect their work

Hawthorne effect

The tendency of people to behave differently when they know they're being studied is the:

Hawthorne effect

The theory that workers' social and psychological affected productivity was first identified in the ____ ____

Hawthorne studies

Which is not an element of scientific management?

Human factors

Herzberg Study the relationship between:

Motivation and job-related factors

According to herzburg, interest in the work itself is a(n):

Motivators

Job enrichment focuses on enhancing the element most clearly related to herzberg's ______ or higher levels needs as defined in his theory.

Motivators

An assumption made by Theory X manager about people is

The primary motivator is fear

Companies like Ford are using self- managed teams to improve productivity by allowing teams enough ______ to solve problems and meet objectives

Autonomy

Self-managed teams improve productivity because the members appreciate having the _____ to control their own work

Autonomy

Maslow believe that people are motivated by higher and lower level needs. The difference from herzberg who believe that people are motivated only by ______ level needs

Higher

A theory X manager would most likely

Perform a time-management study

Which of the following are included in Maslow's hierarchy of needs

-esteem -physiological -self - actualization -social

_________ __________ do not move people to action when present in the workplace.

Hygiene factors

List the steps a manager should take to implement expectancy theory according to David Nadler and Edward Lawler. Start with the first step on the top

1. Determine what awards employees value 2. Determine each employees desired performance standard 3. Ensure that performance standards are attainable 4. guarantee rewards tied to performance 5. Be certain that employees consider the rewards adequate

Companies can minimize The perception of unfairness in the workplace by having clear and frequent communication:

With all employees

Millennials place a high value on _____-______balance and expect their employees to adapt to them

Work-life