Intro to Forensics UVU Trinh 2020
Which of the following indicators can be used to estimate the time of death?
Eye fluid potassium levels, Rigor and liver mortis
The camera's aperture is commonly adjusted on the SLR and DSLR cameras by adjusting what?
F-stop
What can be used in making an identification of a deceased individual?
Facial reconstruction, Fingerprinting, Dental examination
It is not necessary to package evidence in separate containers.
False
It is permitted for officers at the scene to alter temperature conditions by changing the position of windows or doors or adjusting the heat or air-conditioning.
False
It is the responsibility of the forensic investigator to determine innocence or guilt.
False
The boundaries of an indoor crime scene are usually more difficult to determine than an outdoor crime scene.
False
The first pictures the crime-scene photographer takes are the close-up photographs.
False
The first priority of the first officer responding to a crime scene is securing the crime scene.
False
The first responding officer at the crime scene should not make attempts to detain and question unauthorized personnel.
False
The greatest weakness of individual characteristic in physical evidence is that it cannot be related to a common origin with a high degree of certainty.
False
The higher the f-number, the wider the aperture, and the more light it allows in.
False
The known sequence of arrival of different insect groups CANNOT help to determine the postmortem interval.
False
The obligation to maintain the integrity of evidence belongs to the first police officer at the scene only.
False
Probability
Frequency of an occurrence
Who published the book "Finger Prints" and showed that fingerprints could be used as a unique identification system?
Galton
When a forensic analyst determines the chemical composition of a preparation that may contain illicit drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or barbiturates, this is an example of what?
Identification
The pathologist typically does not perform a drug analysis unless a drug overdose is suspected.
False
Which entity maintains the largest crime laboratory in the world?
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Which of the following acts is permissible for officers at the scene?
None of the Following- drink, eat, smoke
Which of the following should be performed first at a death scene?
Secure the scene
Locard's exchange principle
States that there is an exchange of materials when two objects come into contact with each other
To determine the sex of skeletal remains, a forensic anthropologist would examine all of the following areas of the skeleton except which?
Sternum
What are the characteristic markings on the skin caused by the discharge of a firearm called?
Stippling and tattooing
The size and location of the crime scene as well as the events that occurred there will determine:
The kind of search pattern that will be used to located evidence.
Achieving identification requires that the number and type of tests needed to identify a substance be sufficient to exclude all other substances.
True
Aperture is the measure of the diameter of the diaphragm, which allows light into the camera.
True
Contusion is another name for a bruise.
True
Digital photography has higher resolution than film photography.
True
Evidence can be found on the walls and ceiling as well as on the floor at a crime scene.
True
Failure to protect a crime scene properly may result in the destruction or altering of evidence.
True
Individual characteristics are properties of evidence that can be attributed to a common source with an extremely high degree of certainty.
True
Investigators should take an inventory of all evidence collected so nothing is lost or left behind.
True
Who devised a technique for determining the blood group of a dried bloodstain, which he applied to criminal investigations?
Lattes
Petechiae is more common in strangulation cases than in hanging cases.
True
What is the name of the search pattern in which one or two investigators start at the boundary at one end of the scene and walk straight across to the other side?
Line
What feature of a digital camera's "night mode" allows the camera to gather as much light as possible to create the image?
Low shutter speed
Which lens would be best suited to photographing the details of a small but detailed tool mark found at a crime scene?
Macro lens
Homicide, suicide, accident, natural, and undetermined are all categories of what?
Manner of death
What U.S. Supreme Court case made it necessity for the forensic scientist to appear in court?
Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts
Unauthorized personnel include friends and family of the victim.
True
Substrate control
Uncontaminated surface material close to an area where physical evidence has been deposited
Expert witness
an individual whom the court determines to possess knowledge relevant to the trial that is not expected of the average layperson
Contusion is also known as a ________________________.
blunt force injury
Forensic science is the application of science to:
both criminal and civil laws
Physical evidence is considered to have _____ eyewitness (testimonial) evidence.
greater value than
Where are defense wounds most typically seen?
hands
If the laboratory can piece together broken glass from a window or headlight, then the evidence has ________ characteristics.
individual
An accurate _____ of everyone who enters or leaves the scene should be kept.
log
The collection of standard/reference samples at the crime scene is important because they:
permit comparisons to be made with the evidence.
Standard/reference sample
physical evidence whose origin is known that can be compared to crime scene evidence
Individual characteristics
properties of evidence that can be attributed to a common source with an extremely high degree of certainty
The conditions at a crime scene can be compromised by all of the following actions except:
taking photographs at the crime scene.
The effectiveness of an expert's testimony is almost always dependent on:
the educational background of the expert., the scientific validity of the tests used., the ability of the expert to talk in clear, concise language.
Walk-through
the initial survey of the crime scene carried out by the lead investigator to gain an overview of the scene in order to formulate a plan for processing the scene
Identification
the process of determining a substance's physical or chemical identity
Anthropometry
the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body.
Physical evidence can be used to exonerate or exclude a person from suspicion if:
the standard reference sample (i.e., control) from the person does not share characteristics with evidence at the crime scene.
The areas searched by crime-scene investigators must include all probable points of entry and exit used by the criminal.
True
The forensic pathologist is aided by specialists including forensic anthropologists, forensic entomologists, and forensic odontologists.
True
The higher the camera's f-number, the greater the depth of field of its photos.
True
The primary role of the medical examiner is to determine the cause and manner of death.
True
The principle of "general acceptance" comes from Frye v. United States.
True
Lividity can be expected to be fixed after how long?
16 hours
Which measurement method would be best for fast documenting the position of evidence in a sketch of an outdoor crime scene like a traffic accident?
Baseline method
Who developed the system known as anthropometry?
Bertillon
Which one of the following is a correct evidence-collection procedure?
Bloodstained garments should be packaged separately in paper bags.
Common characteristics of victims of hanging are:
Both Petechiae on the eyelids and blue/purplish appearance.
A pathologist would expect rigor mortis to disappear after how long?
36 hours
Buccal swab
A swab of the inner portion of the cheek; cheek cells are usually collected to determine the DNA profile of an individual
At what angle should an evidence be photographed in a close-up to show the greatest detail?
90 degrees
Druggist fold
A carefully folded paper used to package trace evidence.
Secondary scene
A crime scene separate from the primary scene that became part of the crime by its involvement in activities after the initial criminal act was perpetrated.
Chain of custody
A list of all people who came into possession of an item of evidence
Scientific method
A process that uses strict guidelines to collect, research and analyze information
Which database is for fingerprints?
AFIS
Physical evidence
Any object that can establish that a crime has been committed or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator.
Paint chips, random glass fragments, and synthetic fibers all exhibit what type of characteristics?
Class
Which of the following is the computerized database used to store DNA information?
CODIS
The dramatization of forensic science on television has led to a phenomenon known as what?
CSI effect
A body that displays a cherry-red discoloration might lead a pathologist to suspect what type of poisoning?
Carbon monoxide
Death at a fire scene is most often attributed to inhalation of what?
Carbon monoxide
What is the list of all people who have come into possession of an item of evidence called?
Chain of custody
When a paint chip found on a hit-and-run victim's garment is examined side-by-side with paint removed from a vehicle suspected of being involved in the incident, this is an example of what?
Comparison
What judicial case set forth the most current guidelines for determining the admissibility of scientific examinations in federal court?
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals
Putrefaction and autolysis are two types of _____ processes.
Decomposition
Forensic databases are NOT maintained for which one of the following?
Dental impressions
Criminalistics
Describes the services of a crime laboratory
Small amounts of trace evidence can be conveniently packaged in a carefully folded paper package called what?
Druggist fold
Evidence with class characteristics can do which of the following?
Exonerate an innocent suspect
Who established the comparison microscope as the indispensable tool of the modern firearms examiner?
Goddard
The likelihood of finding class physical evidence is ________ the likelihood of finding physical evidence with individual characteristics.
Greater than
Who wrote the first treatise describing the application of science to the field of criminal investigation?
Gross
What part of the victim's body often is covered in bags in order to prevent loss of trace evidence?
Hands
The most common methods of crime-scene recording do NOT include which one of the following?
Infrared analysis
Who is known as the "father of forensic toxicology"?
Orfila
The succession of photographs taken at a crime scene is ________ photographs first, _______ photographs second, and __________ photographs last.
Overview; medium-range; close-ups
What does hemoglobin transport in the blood?
Oxygen
The purpose of the crime-scene search is to locate what?
Physical evidence
The _____ scene is the one at which the original incident occurred.
Primary
Class characteristics
Properties of evidence that can be associated only with a group and never with a single source.
Which search pattern can be easily be adapted to searching a vehicle?
Quadrant
The number of pixels contained in a digital camera is directly related to the detail and sharpness of the image, which is called its what?
Resolution
Forensic science
The application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law.
Comparison
The process of ascertaining whether two or more objects have a common origin
Contamination
The transfer of extraneous matter between the collector and the evidence
What is the initial survey of the crime scene that is carried out by the lead investigator called?
Walk-through
How must an evidence collector take care to avoid potentially contaminating objects of evidential value by transfer of DNA?
Wearing a face mask
During a comparison analysis, a suspect specimen and a control specimen are subjected to the same tests and examinations for the ultimate purpose of determining what?
Whether or not they have a common origin
Which search pattern would be best for a crime scene where many investigators are available to search a large area?
Zone
Line/strip search
a search method used by one or two investigators who walk in straight lines across the crime scene
Command center
a secure site outside the boundaries of a crime scene where equipment is stored, tasks are assigned, and communication occurs
After providing medical assistance for the injured and arresting any suspects on the scene, the first officer should immediately:
secure the scene.
