Intro to Linux Midterm Chapters 1-7 Study Guide
Which prompt does the root user receive when logged into the system?
#
Which prompt do regular users receive when logged into the system?
$
The command chmod 317 file1 would produce which of the following lines in the ls command?
--wx--xrwx 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1
Given the following output from /etc/fstab, which filesystems will be automatically checked on boot by the fsck command? /dev/sda / ext4 defaults 1 1 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 1 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 1 none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 1 0 /dev/sdc2 swap swap defaults 0 1 /dev/dvd /media/dvd iso9660 noauto,ro 0 0
/, /proc, and swap
You plug a USB flash memory drive into a system that has two SATA hard disks. How will the partition on this USB flash memory drive be identified by Linux?
/dev/sdc1
Which of the following is an absolute pathname? (Choose all that apply.)
/home/resume
Which of the following kernels are developmental? 2.3.4, 4.4.4, 4.1-rc5, or 3.55?
2.3.4 and 4.1-rc5
You noticed a file in your home directory that has a + symbol appended to the mode. What does this indicate?
Additional entries exist within the ACL of the file that can be viewed using the getfacl command.
What are characteristics of Open Source Software?
Any bugs are fixed quickly, and the software is developed collaboratively.
What is the most common open source web server available for Linux?
Apache
What command is equivalent to the man -k keyboard command?
Apropos keyword
What is the default shell in Linux called?
BASH
When applied to a directory, the SGID special permission __________.
Causes all new files created in the directory to have the same group membership as the directory and not the entity that created them.
Which command blanks the terminal screen, erasing previously displayed output?
Clear
The vi editor can function in which two modes?
Command and Insert.
When sitting at a computer running Linux, what key combination do you press to open the graphical terminal?
Ctrl+Alt+F1
A device file __________.
Displays a major and minor number in place of a file size.
The tac command __________.
Displays the contents of a file in reverse order, last line first and first line last. Remember! tac is cat backwards.
What does the command dumpe2fs -h do?
Displays the number of used and available inodes for an ext2, ext3, and ext4 filesystem.
What does the command du -s /var command do?
Displays the total size of the /var directory.
What was created to define a standard directory structure and common file location for Linux?
FHS
After a partition on a hard disk is formatted with a filesystem, all partitions on that hard disk drive must use the same file system. True or False?
False
Character devices typically transfer data more quickly than block devices. True or False?
False
Linux commands entered via the command line are not case sensitive. True or False?
False
The less command offers less functionality than the more command.
False
Users enter commands directly to the kernel of the Linux operating system. True or False?
False
A symbolic link is also known as a soft link and is depicted by an @ symbol appearing at the beginning of the filename when viewed using the ls -l command. True or False?
False.
Only the root user can modify a file that has the immutable attribute set. True or False?
False.
There is no real difference between the "S" and "s" special permissions when displayed using the ls -l command. One just means it is on a file, and the other that it is on a directory.
False.
Which of the following is not a piece of information that the Fedora installation program prompts you for?
Firewall settings
Which common GUI environments are available in most Linux distributions?
GNOME, KDE
To which license does Linux adhere?
GNU General Public License
Which of the following are common methods for gaining support for Linux?
HOWTO documents at www.tldp.org, internet newsgroups, and a local Linux User Group (All of the above).
What command can you use to safely shut down the Linux system immediately?
Halt
What equivalent to the man command generally provides an easier-to-read description of the queried command and contains links to other related information?
Info
What does the mv command do?
It can move directories and files.
After typing the ls -a command, you notice a file whose file name begins with a dot( . ). What does this mean?
It is a hidden file.
After typing the ls -F command, you notice a filename that ends with an * (asterisk) character. What does this mean?
It is an executable file.
What must a user do to run cp or mv interactively and be asked whether to overwrite an existing file?
Just type cp or mv as they run in interactive mode by default.
Which of the following Linux distributions is likely to be used by a Cyber Security worker?
Kali
What two people are accredited with creating the UNIX operating system?
Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
Linux was developed by __________ to resemble the _________ operating system.
Linus Torvalds, MINIX
When the core components of the Linux operating system are packaged together with other Open Source Software, it is called a:
Linux distribution
What are some good reasons for using Linux in a corporate environment?
Linux is widely available for many platforms and supports many programming languages. Linux software is unlikely to become abandoned by its developers. Linux software is secure and has a lower total cost of ownership than other operating systems.
Jim has just installed two new SAS SSDs in his system. He properly installs the hardware in his machine. Before he can use them for data storage and retrieval, what must he do?
Mount any partitions created on the two SSDs such that they are accessible by the operating system, create one or more partitions on each of the SSDs, and format any partitions created on the SSDs with a valid filesystem recognized by Linux.
Linux is a __________ and ___________ operating system.
Multiuser, multitasking
Many types of software are available today. Which type of software does Linux represent?
Open source software
Which of the following are factors that determine which Linux distribution a user will use?
Package manager support, Hardware platform, and Kernel features.
How can you protect a meta character (such as the $ character) from shell interpretation?
Precede it with a \.
How can you specify a text pattern that must be at the beginning of a line of text using a regular expression?
Precede the string with a ^.
How can a user switch from insert mode to command mode when using the vi editor?
Press the Esc key.
What will typing q! at the : prompt in command mode do when using the vi editor?
Quit without saving any changes.
What are the three standard Linux permissions?
Read, Write, and Execute.
A special device file is used to __________.
Represent hardware devices such as hard disk drives and ports.
Who formed the Free Software Foundation to promote open development?
Richard Stallman.
The root user utilizes the chgrp command to give ownership of a file to another user. What must the root user do to regain ownership of the file?
Run chgrp again listing the root user as the new owner.
Which of the following can be used on Linux to provide file and print services?
Samba
The which command __________.
Searches for a file only in directories that are in the PATH variable.
After you log into a terminal, you receive a user interface called a __________.
Shell.
Which of the following statements are true; Hard limits allow a user to exceed them for a certain period of time. Quotas can only limit the number of files a user can own. Soft limits allow a user to exceed them for a certain period of time. Soft limits can never be exceeded. Hard limits can never be exceeded. Quotas can only limit user space. Quotas can limit both user space and the number of files a user can own. Either a hard limit or a soft limit can be set, but not concurrently.
Soft limits allow a user to exceed them for a certain period of time, hard limits can never be exceeded, and quotas can limit both user space and the number of files a user can own.
Every computer consists of physical components and non-physical components. The non-physical components of a computer that understand how to work with the physical components are referred as:
Software
Which of the following is not an example of virtualization software that can be used to install Linux within another operating system? VMWare, Oracle VirtualBox, Spiceworks, or Microsoft Hyper-V?
Spiceworks
What does the /var directory contain?
Spools and log files.
When you change the data in a file that is hard-linked to three others, __________.
The data in the file you modified as well as the data in all hard-linked files are modified because they share the same data and all have the same inode and file size.
A user types in the command head /poems/mary. What will be displayed on the terminal screen?
The first 10 lines of the file mary.
Which culture embraced the term GNU (GNU's Not UNIX) and laid the free software groundwork for Linux?
The hacker culture.
Hard links need to reside on the same file system as the target, whereas symbolic links need not be on the same file system as the target. True or False?
True
If you boot a computer from Linux live media, you will be able to use a fully-functional Linux system prior to installing Linux on permanent storage. True or False?
True
Linux has only one root directory per directory tree. True or False?
True
The lvextend command can be used to add unused space within a volume group to an existing logical volume. True or False?
True
The operating system software is necessary for a computer to function. True or False?
True
To install Linux within a virtual machine, you can specify the path to an ISO image that contains the Linux installation media within virtualization software without first having to write the ISO image to a DVD or USB flash drive. True or False?
True
A directory is a type of file. True or False?
True.
Given the following output from the ls command, how many files are linked with file1? drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 8 07:12 Desktop -rw-r—r— 3 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file1 -rw-r—r— 1 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file2 -rw-r—r— 4 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file3 -rw-r—r— 2 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file4 -rw-r—r— 1 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file5 -rw-r—r— 1 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file
Two
A user mounts a device to a mount point directory and realizes afterward she needs files previously found within the mount point directory. What should this user do?
Unmount the device from the directory.
What must you do to successfully run the fsck command on a filesystem?
Unmount the filesystem.
After typing the ls -f command, you see the following output: -rw-r-xr— 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1 What does this mean?
User1 has read and write, members of the root group have read and execute, and all others have read permissions to the file.
Which of the following statements regarding LVM structure is correct? LVs are created from the free space available within PVs, PVs are collections of VGs, VGs are comprised of one or more PVs, or PVs use the space within LVs to create VGs?
VGs are comprised of one or more PVs.
The core component of the Linux operating system is the Linux kernel. If you were a Linux systems administrator for a company, when would you need to upgrade the Linux kernel?
When you need to increase the stability of Linux, and when you need support in Linux for new hardware.
Using wildcard meta characters, how can you indicate a character that is not an a, b, c, or d?
[!a-d] Remember! It is the ! That provides the change in rule from inclusion to exclusion.
You want to see the file systems that are presently in use on the system. What command could you use?
cat /etc/mtab and df -T
A user typed in the command pwd and saw the output: /home/Jim/sales/pending. How could that user navigate to the /home/Jim directory?
cd ../.. Remember! That means move back 2 steps in the directory tree.
If a users current directory is /home/mary/project1, which command could she use to move to the etc directory directly under root?
cd /etc
A file has the following permissions: r----x-w-. The command chmod 143 would have the same effect as the command _______________. (Choose all that apply.)
chmod u=x,g=r,o=wx file1
Which of the following commands will change the user ownership and group ownership of file1 to user1 and root, respectively?
chown user1:root file1
Which command is used to display the amount of free space that exists on a filesystem?
df
What will the following wildcard regular expression return: file[a-c]
filea, fileb, filec
Which of the following commands can only be used to create partitions on a GPT hard disk?
gdisk
You know a Linux command will perform a desired function for you, but you cannot remember the full name of the command. You do remember it will flush a variable from your system. Which command typed at a command prompt displays a list of commands that would likely contain the command you desire?
man -k flush
Which command mounts all existing filesystems in /etc/fstab?
mount -a
Which command do you use to rename files and directories?
mv
Which command would a user type on the command line to find out the current directory in the directory tree?
pwd
If "resume" is the name of a file in the home directory off the root of a file system and your present working directory is home, what is the relative name for the file named resume?
resume
The default permissions given by the system prior to analyzing the umask are __________ for directories and __________ for files.
rwxrwxrwx and rw-rw-rw-
Which of the following refers to the third primary partition on the second SAS hard disk within Linux? sda3, hdb3, sdb3, or hdb2?
sdb3
Which command searches for and displays any text contents of a binary file?
strings
Which two partitions do you typically create at minimum during a Fedora Linux installation? (Choose two answers.)
swap and /
Which command displays the users who are currently logged into the Linux system?
who
Which command can be used to repair an XFS filesystem?
xfs_repair /dev/sdb1
After typing the command umask 731, the permissions on all subsequently created files and directories will be effected. In this case, what will be the permissions on all new files?
—-r—rw-
