Intro to Management/Organizational Behavior Midterm

critical thinking

A questioning, probing attitude is at the core of: job performance organizational reality critical thinking subjective knowledge

continuous improvement and attention to customer needs

A significant aspect of total quality management is: employee-driven suggestion systems continuous improvement and attention to customer needs the use of computers the suboptimization of resource allocation

allowing employees to participate in goal setting

As a supervisor, you can enhance the performance of your employees by: setting their goals closely controlling their behavior allowing employees to participate in goal setting giving workers easy goals

participation problems

Costs associated with absenteeism, tardiness, strikes, work stoppages, and turnover are known as: performance decrements participation problems unrealistic job interview problems intrarole conflict

Anthropology

Culture and the study of learned behavior comprise the domain of: management anthropology sociology psychology

is primarily a change in behavior acquired through

In terms of the work environment, learning: takes place through formal training programs is primarily the cognitive activity of acquiring knowledge is ad hoc and accidental is primarily a change in behavior acquired through experience and knowledge acquisition

mexico

In which of the following cultures should you avoid directly saying no? Japan Saudi Arabia Mexico Canada

Stereotyping

Increasing workforce diversity is likely to reduce __________ as a barrier to social perception. the primacy effect first-impression error selective perception stereotyping

loyal and personal friendships

Low-Mach persons value: loyal and personal friendships the "get it done anyway" mentality manipulation of others emotional detachment

Quantitative goals

Outcome (or performance) feedback is greatly facilitated by: qualitative goals open-ended goals quantitative goals peer competitive goals

internals, or those with an internal locus of control

Positive affectivity is likely to be displayed by: persons with low self-efficacy low self-monitors persons with high anxiety internals, or those with an internal locus of control

silence

Providing the time to identify and isolate the listener's personal responses and exclude them from the dialogue is one of the purposes of: paraphrasing expressed thoughts and feelings clarifying implicit thoughts and feelings reflecting core feelings silence

the informal organization and its impact on productivity

The Hawthorne studies uncovered the importance of: the workflow and scheduling of work for production efficiency delegating authority downward and throughout the organization the informal organization and its impact on productivity viewing an organization as clockworks

way to identify human differences and similarities by separating behavioral tendencies or dispositions

The MBTI is a: projective test that captures psychological disorders way to identify human differences and similarities by separating behavioral tendencies or dispositions self-report questionnaire designed to assess personality direct index of personality

distress

The adverse psychological, physical, behavioral, and organizational consequence that may occur as a result of stressful events is known as: distress the stressor the stress response anxiety disorder

physiological

The approach to stress that is based on the concept of homeostasis is known as: physiological psychoanalytical social psychological psychological-cognitive

the integrative approach

The approach to the study of personality that focuses on both person (dispositions) and situational variables as combined predictors of behavior is known as: trait theory the integrative approach psychodynamic theory wholistic humanism

people are motivated by self-interest and economic gain

The basic motivational assumption within Taylor's scientific management is the same as within Adam Smith's political economic notions which is: both intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence motivation ungratified needs motivate behavior individuals are largely motivated by power, affiliation, and achievement people are motivated by self-interest and economic gain

its consequences

The behaviorist approach to learning assumes observable behavior is a function of: both the person and the environment external cues its consequences the interaction between the affect and cognitive components of an individual

personal perception

The expectancy theory of motivation focuses on: individual needs social process personal perceptions learning

fit between external and internal role expectations

The person-environment approach to stress emphasizes the: fit between external and internal role expectations belief that effort will lead to performance notion that perception and cognitive evaluations of situations differ and accordingly stress is mostly determined by perception idea that the fit between a person's self-image or concept and their ideal generates large stress when there is lack of fit

operant conditioning

The process of modifying behavior through the use of positive or negative consequences following specific behaviors is called: classical conditioning Pavlovian conditioning Skinner's Integrated Model of conditioning operant conditioning

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

The sets of needs related to the animalistic avoidance of pain and human desire for psychological growth form the basis for: Theory X & Theory Y Maslow's hierarchy of needs McClelland need theory Herzberg's two-factor theory

Baby Boomers

Which generation of workers tends to strive for moral rights in the workplace and take a more activist position regarding employee rights? baby boomers silent generation Generation Y Generation X

organization structure

Which organizational variable(s) is(are) important to the study of group dynamics? organization structure role conflict and ambiguity job task hierarchy of authority