Intro To Renal - Random

What tracers are used for Total Body Water (TBW)?

1) Antipyrine 2) D2O

What tracers are used for Extracellular Fluid (ECF)?

1) Inulin 2) Radioactive sulfate

What tracers are used for Plasma Volume (PV)?

1) Radioactive albumin 2) Evan's blue

What percentage of total body weight does interstitial fluid account for? Which fluid compartment is it a part of?

15% of total body weight Extracelullar fluid

What percentage of cardiac output does the kidney receive?

20%

What percentage of total body weight does extracellular fluid account for?

20% of total body weight

What is the normal ECF (and ICF) osmolarity?

290 mosm/L

What percentage of total body weight does intracellular fluid account for?

40% of total body weight

What percentage of total body weight does plasma volume account for? Which fluid compartment is it a part of?

5% of total body weight Extracelullar fluid

What percentage of total body weight does water account for?

60% of total body weight

How do the kidneys regulate fine control of Na+ content?

By regulating the renal reabsorption of Na+.

What ions is Na+ primarily balanced by?

Cl- and HCO3-

What compartment shrinks when someone has diarrhea?

ECF

What compartment shrinks when someone has dehydration?

ECF and ICF

Which will stimulate ADH release -- high or low plasma osmolarity?

High plasma osmolarity

What compartment grows when someone has a lack of aldosterone?

ICF

Drinking pure water (no salt) after sweating profusely will have what effects on ICF and ECF?

ICF will increase, ECF will decrease

Is Na+ secreted from the kidneys or is it filtered out?

It is filtered out, not secreted

What is the major determinant of osmolarity?

Na+ concentration

When the Na+ reabsorption by THESE epithelial cells increases, there is a simultaneous increase of their secretion of K+ to the tubular fluid

Principal cells in the collecting ducts

Are the majority (~87.5%) of nephrones short, Superficial cortical nephrons or large, long Juxtamedullary nephrons?

Superficial cortical nephrons

Which segment of the nephron normally reabsorbs about 15-20% of the water that was filtered into the tubules?

Thin descending loop

What plays a major role in the high osmolarity ofthe medullary interstitial fluid (and allows us to conserve water by excreting a small volume of concentrated urine)?

Urea