intro to soc chapter 9

According to Talcott Parsons, the position of the family member who provides emotional support and nurturing is called the: a. emotional role. b. instrumental role. c. gender role. d. expressive role.

d. expressive role.

Women earn about _____ percent of what men do. a. 54 b. 67 c. 77 d. 93

c. 77

Which theoretical perspective believes that men have historically had access to most of society's material resources and privileges and sought to maintain their dominant status? a. Conflict theory b. Functionalism c. Labeling theory d. Symbolic interactionism

a. Conflict theory

Which of the following is true concerning sex and gender, according to the textbook? a. Gender and sexuality may be based in physiology, but their meanings are constructed in social settings. b. Gender refers to an individual's membership in one of two categories—male or female. c. Sociologists tend to use the terms "sex" and "gender" interchangeably. d. Gender is purely based in one's biology.

a. Gender and sexuality may be based in physiology, but their meanings are constructed in social settings.

Which of the following is a sign of gender role socialization that occurs in schools? a. When they do perform well, girls are typically credited for hard work rather than intellectual ability. b. Because of their favorable treatment, boys in elementary school tend to earn higher grades. c. Girls receive more instructional time and are more likely to be called on in class. d. At the college level, men earn the majority of all bachelor's and master's degrees.

a. When they do perform well, girls are typically credited for hard work rather than intellectual ability.

Newborn baby girls being given pink sleepers is an example of: a. gender role socialization. b. social learning. c. sexual identity theory. d. life chances.

a. gender role socialization.

In Native American cultures, which of the following would be an example of a berdache? a. A tribal leader who was banished from his tribe for appearing to be weak b. A male who dressed as a woman and took on tasks such as cooking and cleaning c. A female who was seen by the males as an excellent marriage prospect d. A member of one tribe who was attempting to join a completely different tribe

b. A male who dressed as a woman and took on tasks such as cooking and cleaning

Which theoretical perspective generally believes that there are still social roles better suited to one gender than the other? a. Conflict theory b. Functionalism c. Labeling theory d. Symbolic interactionism

b. Functionalism

Which of the following is one of the successful reforms achieved by the second wave of the women's movement? a. Legalizing civil unions between homosexual partners b. Legislation against sexual harassment and marital rape c. The right to vote d. The inclusion of violence against homosexuals in Hate Crime legislation

b. Legislation against sexual harassment and marital rape

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, or queer (LGBTQ) youth are four times more likely than heterosexual youth to: a. have grown up in single-parent families. b. have attempted suicide. c. have mixed-race parents. d. have voted in the most recent presidential election.

b. have attempted suicide.

An individual who has an abnormal chromosomal makeup and mixed or indeterminate male and female sex characteristics is called: a. bisexual. b. intersexed. c. dimorphistic. d. transsexual.

b. intersexed.

The men's rights movement argues: a. that men should support feminism because men's lives are also constrained by gender and sexism. b. that men are actually discriminated against and even oppressed in both the legal arena and in everyday life because of feminism. c. that the idea that men are superior is a burden and that men will be happier if society becomes less sexist. d. that men need to share more of the responsibilities of childcare and contest violence against women.

b. that men are actually discriminated against and even oppressed in both the legal arena and in everyday life because of feminism.

According to the textbook, why is the term "homophobia" problematic? a. It causes confusions with other "phobias" like agoraphobia or claustrophobia. b. It implies that homosexuals are scared of heterosexuals. c. It implies that the problems faced by gays and lesbians are the result of a few maladjusted individuals rather than the product of deeply institutionalized cultural values and norms. d. It suggests that homophobia can be cured by medical professionals.

c. It implies that the problems faced by gays and lesbians are the result of a few maladjusted individuals rather than the product of deeply institutionalized cultural values and norms.

What was the cause most identified with the first wave of the women's movement? a. Equal pay for women b. Equal access to education for women c. The right to vote for women d. The celebration of diversity

c. The right to vote for women

3. An essentialist sociologist would believe: a. gender roles are the product of socially defined meanings. b. gender roles are assigned by people in society who have the most power and authority. c. gender roles have a genetic or biological origin and therefore cannot be changed. d. gender roles are the product of biology, socially defined meanings, and labels assigned by those in power.

c. gender roles have a genetic or biological origin and therefore cannot be changed.

The inclination to be heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual is called: a. suffrage. b. gender. c. sexual orientation. d. human sexual dimorphism.

c. sexual orientation.

When a woman who works a full time job must also prepare the meals for the family and care for the children at night; she is experiencing what sociologists call: a. gender equity b. gender inversion. c. the second shift. d. a double standard.

c. the second shift.

10. The term describing an individual whose sense of gender identity is at odds with her or his physical sex but who has not necessarily sought sex-reassignment surgery is: a. bisexual. b. transsexual. c. transgendered. d. homosexual.

c. transgendered.

Which of the following is true concerning family and gender role socialization? a. Families do not play any role in socialization. b. Children exhibit gender stereotyped behaviors beginning around the age of c. Gender role socialization usually does not begin until young adulthood when people must make decisions about marriage. d. Gender often plays a role in the chores or privileges girls and boys are given.

d. Gender often plays a role in the chores or privileges girls and boys are given.

Which theoretical perspective emphasizes how gender is socially constructed and maintained in our everyday lives? a. Conflict theory b. Functionalism c. Labeling theory d. Symbolic interactionism

d. Symbolic interactionism

According to the textbook, what is feminism? a. The belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes. b. The social movements organized around the belief in equality of the sexes. c. The belief that women are better than men. d. The belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes, and the social movements organized around that belief.

d. The belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes, and the social movements organized around that belief.

The fact that men who hook up with several different women are praised with the primarily positive label of "player," while females who hook up with several different men are chastised with the negative label of "slut," is an example of: a. the second shift. b. gender equity. c. gender inversion. d. a double standard.

d. a double standard

4. According to the textbook, most mainstream sociologists use a/an _______ approach to gender. a. essentialist b. gender determinist c. symbolic interactionist d. constructionist

d. constructionist

The theory about gender identity and sexuality that emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects as restrictive the idea of innate sexual identity is called: a. conflict theory. b. social learning theory. c. gender identity theory. d. queer theory.

d. queer theory.

The economic pattern that women are more likely than men to live in poverty is called: a. gender inequity. b. the suffrage movement. c. gender role socialization. d. the feminization of poverty.

d. the feminization of poverty.