Intro. to Surgical Technology: final review
what is advised for hair removal?
clippers
Florence Nightengale
origin of patient care standards and environment theory of patient care
AST
Association of Surgical Technologists
OR temperature
68 - 73 degrees F
fire extinguisher Class B
CO2 or Dry Chemical for flammable liquids, oil, gas
statutory law
pass by legislative bodies
most SSI's are caused by _____
patient's own flora
3 categories of safety hazards in OR
physical hazard chemical hazard biological hazard
Hippocratic Oath
physician will do no harm
AORT
AORN's Association of Operating Room Technicians
ARC-ST
Accreditation Review Committee for Surgical Technology *** recommends accreditation
ACS
American College of Surgeons
AHA
American Hospital Association
AORN
Association of Operating Room Nurses
fire extinguisher Class A
pressurized water for paper, cloth or wood
purpose of consent form?
protect patient protect physician protect surgical team members protect hospital
ambulatory surgical center
provides surgical services to patients who do not require hospitalization, outpatient surgery
gram postive stain color
purple
how should you moved a piece of furniture on wheels?
push. do not pull.
who offers the germ theory?
Koch
Primum Non Nocere
Latin phrase that means "first, do no harm."
who develops the light microscope?
Leeuwenhoek
who was the first to practice surgery using aseptic technique?
Lister
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
who was the first to advise purification by fire?
Moses
physiological needs
nutrition and water shelter air and oxygen rest and sleep elimination movement (freedom from pain)
helium tank color
brown
nitrogen tank color
black
nitrous oxide tank color
blue
distress
can be pathologic and have negative effects on the body
most common post-op infection?
catheter-associated UTIs
who checks the patient's chart when the patient arrives into the OR room?
circulator and anesthesiologist
Debakey
developed 1st ventricular assist pump
Lister
developed technique for antiseptic surgery
Pasteur
father of microbiology, virology, immunology
Vesalius
father of modern anatomy challenged Galen
3 things required for fire
fuel ignition O2 - rich environment
3 components of and ESU
generator active electrode (hand piece) inactive electrode (grounding pad)
eustress
good type of stress we all need
oxygen tank color
green
nosocomial
hospital acquired infection
types of manuals in OR
hospital policy operating room infection control disaster plan
2016 national patient safety goals via Joint Commission
identify patient's correctly improve staff communication use medicines safely use alarms safely prevent infection identify patient safety risks prevent mistakes in surgery
fomite
inanimate object that can have microbs on it
common law
jury or court often decides / judicial law
respondeat superior
master-servant rule if a patient is injured as a result of an employee's negligent act, the employer is responsible to the injured patient
OR humidity
20 - 60 %
prion
NOT a virus or a bacteria
carbon dioxide tank color
gray
who discovered prions?
Stanley Prusiner
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (model for patient care)
(top to bottom) self actualization self-esteem love security and safety physiological needs
who establishes standard precautions?
CDC
wound CLASS I
Clean no underlying problem, in clean area of body
wound CLASS II
Clean-contaminated not as clean ie. tonsilectomy, appendectomy
CAAHEP
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs *** grants accreditation to educational programs
who discovers the virus?
Ivanovski
who develops the smallpox and rabies vaccines?
Jenner
wound CLASS III
Contaminated wound open for less then 4 hours
wound CLASS IV
Dirty wound open for more than 4 hours
4 D's required for negligence litigation
Duty Deviation Direct Cause Damage
two major sources of SSIs
Enviromental Endogenous (patient's own flora)
who discovers penicillin?
Fleming
What should health care workers exposed to HBV who have not been vaccinated be given if they have now been exposed?
HBIG Hepatitis B Immune Globulin
fire extinguisher Class C
Halon for electrical or laser fire
negligence
OMISSION or COMMISSION of an act that a reasonably prudent person would or would not do under given circumstances • deviation from the standard
who regulates the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)?
OSHA
PASS for fire extinguisher use
P ull the safety ring out of the handle A im the nozzle S queeze the handle S weep the spray over the base of fire
malpractice
PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT, improper discharge of professional duties or failure to meet the standard of a professional person. • type of negligence
who disproves theory of spontaneous generation?
Pastuer
RACE
R escue patient and team A ctivate the alarm and alert others C ontain the fire if possible E vacuate the area
who introduced first temp controlled steam sterilizer?
Weeden Underwood
certification
acknowledgement by a private agency that a person has achieved a minimum level of knowledge and skills
gram negative stain color
red
Bacilli shape
rod-shaped
standards set by Florence Nightengale
sanitation lighting warmth ventilation effluvia noise
3 factors needed for communication
sender message receiver
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
similar to OSHA but more RESEARCH oriented, part of CDC
Cocci shape
spherical
standard precautions apply to everything except _____
sweat
tort
the infringement by one person on the legally recognized rights of another and the type of civil law commonly encountered in healthcare • can be intentional or unintentional
res pisa loquitor
the thing speaks for itself
sentinel event
unexpected event that involves a risk or the occurrence of death or serious physical or psychological injury
laminar air flow
unidirectional positive pressure flow of air that captures microbes to be filtered out of OR
evisceration
when contents spill out
dehiscence
when wound pops open
who checks the patient's chart when bringing the patient into the OR?
whoever brings the person in
compressed air tank color
yellow
Hippocrates
• Greek who challenged notion that disease was punishment from Gods • discovered connection btwn human disease and poor environment
Claudius Galen
• Greek who studied in Egypt • became doctor at gladiator school • discovered blood moved in the body and circulated • first to take a pulse • drawings of human heart used until 16th century • surgery not considered medical discipline until him
Cushing
• father of neurosurgery • instrumental in ligating and cauterization • reduced meningiomas mortality rate
Pare
• greatest surgeon of 16th century • began ligating arteries after amputations
advance directive parts
• living will • power of attorney for health care (upholds living will) • chronic illness or serious disability (optional)
Optional surery
• non-necessary intervention • ie. plastic procedure
Joint Commission
• nonprofit organization that accredits health-care institutions in the US • standards focus on patient safety, protection and quality care • establishes Hospital National Safety Goals every year • establishes The Universal Protocol
Cooley
• perfected heart-lung machine • performed 1st US heart transplant and 1st artificial heart implant
Urgent surgery
• requiring treatment w/in relatively short time period • ie. un-ruptured ectopic pregnancy w/ stable vitals, ulcer, bleeding hemorhoids
Elective surgery
• surgical intervention that does NOT have be performed immediately or w/in short time period • ie. cataract surgery, donation of kidney
Emergent surgery
• threatening life or limb w/in short period of time • ie. ruptured aneurysm of abdominal aorta
the patient care partnership / patient's bill of rights
• via the AHA (American Hospital Association) • plain language brochure given to patients • states patient and hospital responsibilities
4 elements of informed consent
• what procedure and how will it be performed? • possible risks, results and expected results • alternative treatments or procedures w/ their risks • result if no treatment is given
