Introduction to EMT Midterm
normal blood pressure for a healthy adult is
100 to 140 systolic and 60 to 80 diastolic
the universal telephone number to access emergency services 9-1-1. This service was established in
1968
If a patient is unresponsive, the EMT will perform a rapid medical assessment. What is the maximum amount of time that should be allowed for the rapid medical assessment?
2 to 2.5 minutes
a normal pulse in a healthy adult is strong and regular at
60 to 100 beats per minute
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of patient moves EMTs are trained on?
All of these are types of patient moves EMTs are trained on.
What might a painful swollen or tender abdomen indicate?
An infection or internal bleeding
In the image below, which letter indicates the locations of the trachea?
B
In the image of an alveolus below, which letter indicates the location of gas exchange?
D
**How does the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) of 1966 affect an EMT?**
EMTs should disclose information obtained during emergency care only when transferring care to another medical professional
when faced with questions about whether or not to provide care, the EMT should
Err on the side of providing treatment
which of the following questions is NOT one of the questions the EMT should ask themselves while assessing breathing?
Is the patient breathing through their mouth or through their nose?
treatment priorities can be summed up by which simple question:
Is the patient stable or unstable?
OPQRST is mnemonic EMT's use to question the patient about their chief complaint. Which of the following does NOT correctly pair the mnemonic letter with the word
P-Pain Level
Which of the following describes a high "Index of Suspicion?"
a call for quick and decisive action
EMTs provide the hospital staff with all of the following information EXCEPT
a description of the scene from which the patient was transported
Prior to the implement of emergency medical transport, the primary means of transporting emergency patient to the hospital was in
a funeral hearse
A rapid trauma assessment is
a head to toe physical evaluation
If the patient at any time becomes unstable, the EMT must immediately perform
a rapid trauma assessment
the base situation is
a stationary facility that serves as a dispatch and coordination area
Mental status, or level of consciousness, is measure by the AVPU scale. Which of the following the correct mnemonic:
alert, verbal, painful, unresponsive
Healthcare providers use information in the EMTs report
all of these
SAMPLE is a mnemonic to remember the questions to ask to determine
all of these
the detailed physical exam is performed after
all of these
the purpose of the initial assessment is to determine:
all of these
when talking on radio, EMTs should do which of the following
all of these
which of the following is not one of the functions of the musculoskeletal system?
all of these are functions of the musculoskeletal system
correct spine alignment includes all of the following EXCEPT
all of these are involved in correct spine alignment
Critical Incident Stress Management is a system to manage the stress of EMS workers. The system involves which of the following
all of these are part of the CISM system
Which of the following is NOT the part of the EMT taking and maintaining control at a scene?
all of these are part of the EMT taking and maintaining control at a scene
Which of the following is NOT a sign that a patient has a breathing problem?
all of these are signs that a patient has a breathing problem
when responding at a crime scene, the EMT should
allow the police to enter first to secure the crime scene
who is/are medical direction
an on-call team of doctors, nurses, and paramedics
What is a patent airway?
an open airway
______ refers to the front of the body; _______ refers to the back of the body.
anterior; posterior
which of the following is an example of possible charges that can be brought against an EMT in certain circumstances?
any of these are charges an EMT could face
In general, it is permitted to provide confidential information about a patient any/all of the following EXCEPT
any of these may be given confidential patient information
the main difference between arteries and veins is that ____ carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, and ____ carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart
arteries; veins
the smallest arteries in the body are called
arterioles
the process of determining a patient's condition is referred to as
assessment
Where should the rapid trauma assessment take place?
at the location where the patient is found
after the focused assessment of the stable patient, the EMT will obtain
baseline vitals and a SAMPLE history
Which of the following is NOT an example of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?
blood pressure cuff
the acronym BSI stands for
body substance isolation
which is not one of the generally accepted vital signs?
body temperature
joints are places where
bones connect to one another
the detailed physical exam is a head to toe inspection looking for
both trauma and medical signs
the nervous system controls
both voluntary and involuntary activity of the body
During a rapid trauma assessment, EMT's are looking for specific signs of injury. These signs can be remembered by the mnemonic DCAPBTLS. In this mnemonic, the B stands for:
burns
the EMT will use the mnemonic DCAPBTLS when performing the detailed physical exam. In this mnemonic, the B stands for
burns
Venuoles carry blood from ___ to ___
capillaries to veins
When carrying a heavy weight, the general rule is
carry weight as close to the body as possible
The reason the patient requested emergency medical services is referred to as
chief complaint
During the detailed physical exam the EMT will look and feel for equal chest rise. Unequal chest rise may indicate an illness or injury such as
collapsed lung
**mobile data terminal can be used to**
communicate to dispatch the need for additional resources
The EMT will use the mnemonic DCAPBTLS when performing the detailed physical exam. In mnemonic, the C stands for
contusions
During a rapid trauma assessment, EMT's are looking for specific signs of injury. These signs can be remembered by the mnemonic DCAPBTLS. In this mnemonic, the D stands for:
deformities
the minimum data set is the basic patient and administrative data expected by the
department of transportation
signs of hypoxia include all of the following EXCEPT
dilated pupils (mydriasis)
Everything the EMT does and observes should be
documented
the components of an emergency communication system include all of the following EXCEPT
email servers
which of the following is NOT one of the four levels of EMS licensure?
emergency physician
What are the signs of stroke an EMT looks for?
facial asymmetry, such as a facial droop or unequal pupils
which of the following is NOT a desired personality trait in an EMT?
frantic
Laws that protect off-duty EMTs from liability when they provide care are called
good samaritan laws
Which of the following can an EMT NOT rely on their GPS to provide to dispatch
hospital destination
Which of the following is not a potential cause of hypoxia?
hypoglycemia
Ventilation is the process by which i. oxygenated air is moved into the lungs ii. carbon dioxide rich air is moved out of the lungs iii. Toxins are released from the blood stream iv. minerals are introduced into the bloodstream
i and ii only
the patient care report (PCR), is important because i. it helps ensure continuity of medical care ii. it is used for various administrative purposes iii. it is used in education and research iv. it is used for quality improvement purposes
i, ii, iii, and iv
Portable radios are necessary because i. they allow EMTs to stay in contact with dispatch ii. they allow EMTs to stay in contact with medical control iii. they allow EMTs to stay in contact with each other iv. they allow EMTs to stay in contact with the receiving hospital
i,ii, and iii
the equipment used in BSI is called personal protective equipment. This may include all of the following EXCEPT
inhaler
this course is designed to:
introduce you to the knowledge, skills and attitude necessary to be an EMT.
a mobile radio
is a vehicle mounted device that can transmit over a 10 to 15 mile range
What basic question should an EMT ask to determine whether a patient needs critical intervention or not?
is the patient stable or unstable?
Which is NOT one of the questions an EMT should ask before moving a patient?
is there a friend or family member who can help you move the patient?
Whenever possible, EMTs should use the power lift method. The power lift method involves which of the following?
knees should be bent, don't bend at the waist
What is the first thing an EMT should do if they feel they are in danger on a scene?
leave immediately
before an EMT ever responds to a call, they can prepare and protect themselves by
maintaining a healthy lifestyle and good physical fitness
If the EMT surveys a scene and determines it is not safe, what should they do first?
make the scene as safe as possible
What part of the secondary assessment is often the most important in evaluating a medical patient's condition?
medical history
Which of the following is NOT a difference between medical and trauma patients.
medical patients are less likely to need emergency transport
EMTs may frequently find themselves in stressful situations when providing care. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a stress reaction:
memory loss
which of the following is NOT one of the four basic principles of body mechanics that EMTs can use when lifting and moving patients?
move the patient only in the downhill direction-never uphill
**The most critical consideration when performing an urgent move is**
moving quickly without compromising the patient's spine
what keeps the lungs from collapsing?
negative pressure created by the double membrane surrounding the lungs
the path air travels as it enters the body is
nose/mouth. ->pharynx-> trachea -> bronchi-> lungs
What should an EMT do about a non life-threatening injuries that they find during the rapid trauma assessment?
note them for later treatment
when an EMT encounters a patient, the EMT must
obtain the patient's consent for any treatment
When is an appropriate time for an EMT to conduct the detailed physical exam?
on route to the hospital
the job of an EMT can best be described as:
pre-hospital emergency care
the responsibilities of an EMT DO NOT include
prescribing medical treatment
If a patient is lying flat, face-down, what position are they in?
prone
When responding to a motor vehicle accident, what should the EMT do first?
protect themselves and others from the continued flow of traffic
if a patient refuses treatment or transport, which of the following is NOT permitted action by an EMT
provide life-saving treatment and transport the patient to a hospital anyway
personal information should not be broadcast over the radio because
radio waves are public
wars helped show the importance of emergency treatment because
receiving immediate care by field medics improved recovery and survivability of injuries
maintaining good health and following a well-balanced exercise regimen for strength and flexibility can help an EMT
reduce risk of injury on an emergency scene
**PPE is any type of equipment that can be used to**
reduce the risk of disease transmission
While conducting the initial assessment, EMT's should
remain alert to changes in the patient's condition
if hazardous materials are suspected at a scene, the rule of thumb is for the EMT to
remain uphill and upwind of the suspected hazardous material
What is the best way for an EMT to reassess a patient?
repeat what they did the first time
**which follows the correct route of blood through the heart?**
right atrium-> right ventricle-> pulmonary artery -> lungs-> left atrium-> left ventricle-> aorta
During the detailed physical exam the EMT will look and feel for eviscerations-when tissues or organs are protruding from a wound. Appropriate treatment for an evisceration includes
sealing the wound with an occlusive dressing
During the detailed physical exam the EMT will look at the patient's tongue. A pale tongue may indicate
shock
inadequate cellular oxygenation is called hypoperfusion
shock
What are pertinent negatives?
signs and symptoms that are expected but not exhibited by the patient
During the detailed physical exam the EMT will look inside each ear. Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid indicates
skull fracture
smooth muscles are ______ and under ______ control
smooth; involuntary
Which of these is NOT one of the three main components of breathing?
stagnation
During the detailed physical exam the EMT will look at the patient's pupils. Unequal pupil dilation may indicate
stroke
After the EMT has completed the rapid head to toe assessment of an unresponsive patient they should
take vital signs
during the rapid physical assessment of the unresponsive patient, the first priority is always
the ABC's
What happens after the primary assessment if the patient is in stable condition?
the EMT proceeds with a detailed secondary assessment.
**To treat a minor, an EMT must obtain consent from a parent or guardian. If the parent or guardian is unreachable**
the EMT should attempt to contact the next closest relative
How many times should the EMT check the scene for safety?
the EMT should continually assess the scene for changes in the situation
Which of the following is untrue for a responsive medical patient?
the EMT will perform a head to toe assessment first
the first piece of legislation that led to the establishment of the Department of Transportation's Emergency Medical Service was
the Highway Safety Act of 1966
what is the scope of practice?
the definition of what an EMT can and cannot do by law
During inhalation, which coordinated muscle movements create negative pressure in the lungs?
the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
blood pressure is
the force exerted on the walls of arteries
respiration refers to
the gas exchange process that occurs between the alveoli and the capillaries
what is the duty to act?
the legal obligation for an EMT to respond in an emergency
What is standard of care?
the level of care the average medical provider in a community would practice
the imaginary vertical line that runs through the center of the body-intersecting the nose and the naval on the front and along the spine on the back- is called
the midline
After establishing scene safety and donning PPE, the next consideration during scene size up is
the need for additional or special resources, such as police, fire, or Hazmat
pulse rate is
the number of times the heart beats in a minute
when in the medical field, directionality is always determined from
the patient's perspective
A scene size-up includes all of the following EXCEPT
the scene size up includes all of these
Which image shows a person with appropriate seated posture?
the straight back one
Patient Care Report (PCRs) can provide data for researchers studying which of the following?
the types of patient presentation and conditions that may require additional training
what is the mechanism of injury?
the way the person was injured
Asking the patient for their chief complaint allows the EMT to assess all of the following EXCEPT:
their level of pain
Which of the following is the main disadvantage of using cell phones for communications as an EMT?
they may be overwhelmed during a large-scale or multiple disaster situation
the 12 vertebrae of the upper back are collectively known as the
thoracic vertebrae
Skin is the body's largest organ. Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the skin?
to aid in the muscle contraction
what is one of the main purposes for obtaining a set of baseline vital signs?
to allow the EMT to monitor changes
Once the EMT has secured the scene and approached the patient, the next step is
to determine the mechanism of injury or nature of illness
What is the top priority for an EMT during an initial assessment?
to determine whether or not the patient has a life-threatening conditions
Which of the following is NOT a reason for an EMT to document their reassessment?
to establish an initial set of baseline vitals
Emergency department personnel may use EMT documentation for any of the following reasons EXCEPT
to evaluate the appropriateness of the care given by the EMT
What is the general goal of the assessment process?
to get a feeling for how serious the situation is.
What is the first and highest priority for an EMT at an emergency scene?
to keep themselves safe
What is the purpose of the epiglottis?
to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea when swallowing
the role of the medical director is
to provide medical oversight and direct interventions and procedures to the EMT
why do EMTs document at least two sets of vital signs?
to track trends in the patient's condition
If an EMT puts a patient flat, face-up position with a pillow under the patient's feet, what is the position called?
trendelenburg position
documentation recorded by an EMT could potentially be used as against that EMT in a court of law
true
The normal skin condition of a healthy adult is
warm and dry
this single most effective way EMTs can prevent the spread of infections disease is by
washing their hands thoroughly after each incident
when does scene size-up begin?
when the EMT receives dispatch information
**Emergency moves, such as the "armpit-forearm drag" or the "blanket drag" should be used**
when the patient may have a spinal injury and needs to be transported to the ambulance