Introduction to Supply Chain Management
The element of a CRM program involved with the use of data-mining software and customer behavior analytics is: A.Segmenting customers B.Predicting customer behaviors C.Customer value determination D.Customer preference determination
B.Predicting customer behaviors
Returns management is also known as _______. A.Backward logistics B.Reverse logistics C.Inverted logistics D.Waste reduction
B.Reverse logistics
According to the textbook, Supplier Recognition Programs: A.Are generally not very effective B.Are used by 90% of companies C.Encourage suppliers to keep their performance high D.Are difficult to implement
C.Encourage suppliers to keep their performance high
You work for a company that segments customers by demographic information, and then markets specifically to those customers who are located in the Fort Myers area. This is an example of: A. Target marketing B. Cross-selling C. Geographic marketing D. Personalized customer communication
A. Target marketing
All of the following are recommended for designing and implementing a successful CRM program EXCEPT: A.Support from the firm's top executives B.Expect employees to 'learn on the job' and adapt their way of working C.Knowledge of the tools available to aid in CRM D.Continuous awareness of customers' changing requirements
B.Expect employees to 'learn on the job' and adapt their way of working
Inaccurate forecasts can result in negative outcomes like: A.High inventory costs and increased profits B.Imbalances in supply and demand C.Material shortages and decreased costs of obsolescence D.Low inventory costs and stockouts
B.Imbalances in supply and demand
Which of the following is a reason for favoring single sourcing? A.Encourages competition among suppliers B.Spreads the risk of supply interruption C.Reduces variabilities in quality levels D.Reduces information about new processing technologies
C.Reduces variabilities in quality levels
Countries that shift from a manufacturing-oriented economy to a service-oriented economy sometimes see their productivity growth decline over time. This phenomenon is called: a.Baumol's Disease b.Deming's Decline c.State Utility d.Service Shrink
a.Baumol's Disease
As capacity utilization approaches 1.0, which of the following tends to happen? a.Services become more congested b.Service times decrease c.Wait times decrease d.Perceived quality of service improves
a.Services become more congested
Which of the following is NOT a technique for managing customers' perceived waiting times: a.Grouping customers b.Hiding the wait time c.Keeping customers occupied d.Starting the service quickly
b.Hiding the wait time
Which one of the following statements regarding the economic order quantity (EOQ) is true? a.The EOQ model combines several different item orders to the same supplier. b.If an order quantity is larger than the EOQ, then the annual holding cost will exceed the annual ordering cost. c.The EOQ model assumes a variable demand pattern. d.When the holding cost rate drops, both the annual holding cost and the EOQ decrease. e.The EOQ is frequently used to determine the optimum shipping quantity.
b.If an order quantity is larger than the EOQ, then the annual holding cost will exceed the annual ordering cost.
A customer who enters the waiting line but leaves the system prior to receiving service is said to have: a.Balked b.Reneged c.Stalled d.Disposed
b.Reneged
The four primary activities of concern in service response logistics are the management of: a.Distribution channels, service quality, reputation and waiting times b.Service capacity, waiting times, distribution channels and service quality c.Labor standards, distribution channels, waiting times and service quality d.Service capacity, visual workplace, waiting times and distribution channels
b.Service capacity, waiting times, distribution channels and service quality
Which of the following is a difference between goods and services? a.Goods are often unique b.Services cannot be inventoried c.Goods have high customer-service interaction d.All of the above
b.Services cannot be inventoried
If an item is ordered using its economic order quantity, the annual carrying cost should be: a.slightly less than the annual ordering cost. b.equal to the annual ordering cost. c.twice the annual purchase price. d.the square root of the annual ordering cost. e.none of the above.
b.equal to the annual ordering cost.
A basic strategy for managing capacity is: a.Differentiation strategy b.Focus strategy c.Level demand strategy d.Queue management strategy
c.Level demand strategy
ll of the following are included in the five dimensions of service quality EXCEPT: a.Reliability b.Responsiveness c.Reasonability d.Assurance
c.Reasonability
David Maister's First Rule of Service is: a.It always takes longer than you think to perform the service b.You can't please all the customers all the time c.Satisfaction = perception - expectation d.Under-promise and over-deliver
c.Satisfaction = perception - expectation
Which of the following is an example of a person that would be considered to provide a Pure Service?a.Attorney/Lawyer b.Management Consultant c.Musical Entertainer d.All of the above
d.All of the above
Which of the following is NOT one of the Seven Wastes? A.Excess inventory B.Environmental waste C.Waiting D.Scrap and rework
B.Environmental waste
The person credited with creating the modern quality system is: A.Deming B.Crosby C.Baldrige D.Juran
A.Deming
In general, European companies prefer suppliers: A.Who employ the most people B.Whose headquarters are in a developing county C.Who are in the United States D.Who have ISO 9001 certifications
D.Who have ISO 9001 certifications
Which of the following would be considered a dependent demand item? a.Bicycle tires used to assemble a bicycle b.Televisions c.Furniture d.Retail customers
a.Bicycle tires used to assemble a bicycle
When demand and delivery lead time are known and constant, the reorder point is the a.demand during the delivery lead time b.safety stock c.demand during lead time + safety stock d.economic order quantity e.average inventory
a.demand during the delivery lead time
Which one of the following is NOT a reason for firms to carry inventory? a.To meet variations in product demand b.To increase production change/setup costs c.To allow for production scheduling flexibility d.To take advantage of quantity discounts e.To maintain independence of operations
b.To increase production change/setup costs
All of the following may influence demand and should be considered when developing a forecast EXCEPT a.New competition b.Supplier quality c.Ergonomic conditions d.Emerging markets
c.Ergonomic conditions
Lubricants for production equipment which are not parts of the final products are called: a.Raw materials b.Work-in-process c.Maintenance, repair and operating supplies d.Finished goods e.Cycle stock
c.Maintenance, repair and operating supplies
A positive error implies that a forecast was? A.Too low B.Too high C.Neither too high or too low D.The sign of an error gives no information as to the direction of the error
A.Too low
Before supplier relationship management (SRM), buyers typically spent 40% of their time on expediting orders. After SRM implementation buyers spent about: A.10% of their time on expediting orders B.20% of their time on expediting orders C.30% of their time on expediting orders D.None of the these
A.10% of their time on expediting orders
Regional trade agreements assist with which of the following? A. Monitor national trade policies B. Provide technical assistance for developing countries C. Handle trade disputes D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is a disadvantage of carrying too much inventory? a.it creates an unnecessary waste of scarce resources. b.it leads to higher annual inventory ordering costs. c.it leads to lower average finished goods inventories. d.it increases the need to purchase items. e.it reduces the need to conduct cycle counts.
a.it creates an unnecessary waste of scarce resources.
Which of the following would refer to the 80/20 rule when applied to the ABC inventory control system? a.80 percent of the items account for 20 percent of the groups. b.20 percent of the items account for 80 percent of the tasks. c.80 percent of the unit cost accounts for 20 percent of the items. d.80 percent of the total annual $ usage is accounted for, by 20 percent of the items. e.None of these.
b.20 percent of the items account for 80 percent of the tasks.
Independent demand is the: a.Internal demand for all end-item parts and materials. b.Demand for a firm's end products. c.Forecasted demand for purchased items. d.Absolute demand for all items.
b.Demand for a firm's end products.
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the economic order quantity (EOQ) model? a.Demand is known, constant, and independent. b.Lead time is known and constant. c.Quantity discounts are not possible. d.Production and use occur simultaneously. e.The only variable costs are setup cost and holding cost.
d.Production and use occur simultaneously.
Which of the following would be considered a quality of life factor? A.Wage rates B.Foreign exchange rates C.Community safety D.All of the above
C.Community safety
The formula for the forecast error, is calculated by using the equation: A.Actual demand for period t minus the forecasted demand for period t B.Actual demand for period t divided by the forecasted demand for period t C.Actual demand for period t plus the forecasted demand for period t D.The average of Actual demand for period t and forecasted demand for period t
A.Actual demand for period t minus the forecasted demand for period t
The following facility location technique uses fixed and variable costs to analyze potential locations: A.Break-even model B.Business cluster analysis model C.Weighted-factor rating model D.Mean absolute deviation model
A.Break-even model
SRM software can automate procurement activities that lead to significant cost savings as purchasing professionals move toward? A.Collaborative planning B.Diversifying their hiring C.Improving capacity D.Expediting each order
A.Collaborative planning
According to the textbook, conditions which must be present for successful supply chain management include: A.Cooperation among firms B.Corporate contracts regarding performance expectations C.Short-term company focused performance D.Vertical Integration
A.Cooperation among firms
It is argued that transportation deregulation is good because: A.It encourages competition B.It ensures adequate transportation service throughout the country C.It protects consumers in terms of monopoly pricing D.All of the above
A.It encourages competition
What component of a time series has variations in demand which show peaks and valleys that repeat over a consistent interval such as hours, days, weeks, months, or years? A.Trend Variations B.Cyclical Variations C.Random Variations D.Seasonal Variations
B.Cyclical Variations
A service where key customers ask suppliers to take on the job of store level replenishment planning is called: A.Vendor managed inventory B.Early supplier involvement scheduling C.Strategic inventory planning D.Purchase spend reduction forecasting
A.Vendor managed inventory
Japanese manufacturing firms sometimes create cooperative coalitions with their suppliers in order to provide the suppliers with a certain degree of financial support. What are these cooperative coalitions called?: A.Jidoka Networks B.Keiretsu Networks C.Kanban Networks D.Kaizen Networks
B.Keiretsu Networks
Customer relationship management, distribution network, transportation management, and service response logistics are all important issues that are most closely related to: A.Purchasing B.Logistics C.Integration D.Manufacturing
B.Logistics
Lean production systems are sometimes referred to as pull systems because demand from customers activates the production actions of the manufacturing facilities. In order for this demand to be communicated to everyone in the supply chain/manufacturing facility a signal must be passed from downstream processing centers to the upstream processing centers. This system of relaying signals is referred to as a: A.Kanban System B.Semaphore System C.Semaphore System D.TQM Network
A.Kanban System
One operational method for managing inventory is the implementation of a software system which can be referred to as: A.Material requirements planning (MRP) B.Demand capacity tracking (DCT) C.Inventory sourcing (IS) D.Demand process reengineering (DPR)
A.Material requirements planning (MRP)
Total Cost of Ownership does NOT consider which of the following factors? A.Purchase order costs B.Freight costs C.Payment terms D.Tooling costs
A.Purchase order costs
When there is not a lot of currently relevant data available it is generally best to use: A.Qualitative forecasting B.Time Series forecasting C.Naïve forecasting D.Simple Moving Average forecasting
A.Qualitative forecasting
Inventory Turnover can be calculated by: A.Ratio of cost of goods sold over average inventory cost B.Ratio of average inventory cost over cost of goods sold C.Ratio of inventory days in stock over average inventory cost D.Ratio of average inventory cost over inventory days in stock
A.Ratio of cost of goods sold over average inventory cost
When using a Weighted Criteria Evaluation System to evaluate suppliers, all of the following are true EXCEPT: A.Select the key dimensions of performance based on what is important to the end consumer B.The weights for all dimensions must sum to 1 or 100% C.Evaluate each of the performance measures on a rating between zero and one-hundred D.Multiply the dimension ratings by their respective important weights and then sum to get an overall weighted score
A.Select the key dimensions of performance based on what is important to the end consumer
Which of the following is a reason that single sourcing is considered risky/bad? A.There could be supplier interruptions due to political instability B.It could establish close relationships with the supplier C.Larger orders make quantity discounts more likely D.Decreases the item to item quality variability of items purchased
A.There could be supplier interruptions due to political instability
According to the text, the goal of a good performance evaluation system is to provide metrics that are: A.Understandable, easy to measure, focused on value-added results B.Understandable, quantitative, focused of cost-related results C.Understandable, qualitative, focused on short-term results D.Understandable, quantitative, focused on quality-related results
A.Understandable, easy to measure, focused on value-added results
Which of the following would be a good reason to outsource (buy) versus making? A.To utilize existing capacity within a company's own firm B.A firm lacks the technology or expertise to produce an item C.To have more direct control over the design and production of an end item D.No competent supplier presently produces the needed item
B.A firm lacks the technology or expertise to produce an item
When a particular item is in short supply accompanied by rising prices, a firm might find it beneficial to: A.Discontinue buying the product and focus more on cheaper products. B.Align itself with one of the suppliers to ensure a continued supply of the scarce item. C.Purchase the item from a manufacturer who cuts corners and provides a product below market price. D.All of these
B.Align itself with one of the suppliers to ensure a continued supply of the scarce item.
Examples of regional trade agreements include all of the following EXCEPT: A.Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) B.Association of Indian Markets (AIM) C.European Union (EU) D.Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR)
B.Association of Indian Markets (AIM)
Milan, Wall Street, and Detroit are examples of ____________. A.Business conglomerates B.Business clusters C.Regional trade agreements D.Competition
B.Business clusters
What does the acronym CPFR represent?A.Coordinated planning and forecasting relationships B.Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment C.Centralized purchasing and forecasting relationships D.Collaborative purchasing, forecasting, and receivables
B.Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment
Once a decision on locating a facility is made, it is ________ to move or shut down that facility. A.Easy B.Costly C.Cheap D.None of the above
B.Costly
Which of the following quality gurus believed that companies should strive for zero defects and that quality was, in a sense, free since quality improvement programs invariably paid for themselves?: A.Deming B.Crosby C.Baldrige D.Juran
B.Crosby
Promoting diversity by intentionally buying from small firms or ethnic minority businesses is an example of: A.Supply base rationalization B.Ethical sourcing C.Sustainable sourcing D.Supply base sourcing
B.Ethical sourcing
Which of the following can happen as a result of the bullwhip effect? A.Increase in defective products B.Excess costs for each firm in a supply chain C.Decreased levels of safety stock D.Quicker distribution to warehouses
B.Excess costs for each firm in a supply chain
Which of the following should NOT be used as assessment criteria to evaluate the purchasing department's performance? A.Improving time to market B.Lowering inventory turnover rates C.Participating in value engineering/value analysis efforts D.Creating supplier alliances
B.Lowering inventory turnover rates
Which tool is useful for presenting data in an organized fashion, indicating process problems from most to least severe? A.Fishbone Diagrams B.Pareto Charts C.Check Sheets D.Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
B.Pareto Charts
Your company allows customers to "opt-out" of receiving email advertisements. This is referred to as: A.Event-based marketing B.Permission marketing C.Customer churn D.Customer preference marketing
B.Permission marketing
A form of purchasing that is placed directly to the supplier and suitable when firms use the same components to make standard goods over a relatively long period of time is referred to as: A.Material requisition B.Purchase requisition C.Planned order release D.Traveling requisition
B.Purchase requisition
Which of the following is a reverse logistics activity: A.Delivering finished goods to your customer B.Recycling products and components C.Developing a collaborative relationship with your supplier D.Managing the quality of products
B.Recycling products and components
Streamlining the processes and communications between the buyer and supplier using software applications that enable these processes to be managed more efficiently and effectively can be referred to as: A.CRM B.SRM C.ISO 9000 D.SCSS
B.SRM
What type of firm would be most interested in using a third-party logistics service? A.A freight forwarder B.Small firm with no logistics expertise C.Large integrated global manufacturing company D.A for-hire transportation company
B.Small firm with no logistics expertise
Encouraging or helping a firm's suppliers to perform in a desired fashion can be referred to as: A.Progressive procurement B.Supplier management C.Right-shoring D.Supply chain performance management
B.Supplier management
Which of the following would be considered a third party provider? A.A Raw materials supplier B.An intermediate component manufacturer C.A firm that leases storage warehousing D.An end product manufacturer
C.A firm that leases storage warehousing
According to the text, which of the following is considered a current trend in supply chain management? A.Using supply chain analytics B.Increasing supply chain visibility C.Both A and B D.None of these
C.Both A and B
Which of the following is a critical issue in sustainable development? A.Labor and legal problems B.Countertrade C.Climate change D.Supply base optimization
C.Climate change
A practical independent measure firms can take to improve information security is: A.Eliminate employee internet use at work B.Do not collect information about their customers C.Continuously monitor employee desktop applications, e-mails and phone calls D.None of these
C.Continuously monitor employee desktop applications, e-mails and phone calls
The acts of receiving shipments, breaking down shipments, repackaging shipments, and distributing components to a manufacturing location or finished products to customers by a distribution center is referred to as: A.Piggy backing B.Risk pooling C.Crossdocking D.Customs Brokering
C.Crossdocking
A firm wanting to import items duty free and then use the component for local production of a product that is then exported would most likely utilize a(n): A.Duty-free Territory B.International Cross Docking Zone C.Foreign Trade Zone D.International Processing Center
C.Foreign Trade Zone
Quantitative forecasts use mathematical techniques that are based on: A.Expert opinions B.Surveys C.Historical data D.Sales force knowledge of the market
C.Historical data
Which of the following is NOT consistent with the lean philosophy? A.Cross-training employees to increase processing flexibility B.Developing a culture of continuous improvement within the organization C.Increasing batch sizes to take advantage of economies of scale D.Positioning WIP inventories near each processing center
C.Increasing batch sizes to take advantage of economies of scale
All of the following are reasons for the increasing use of ethical and sustainable sourcing practices EXCEPT: A.Global population growth B.Increasing environmental awareness C.Legislation requiring corporate ethical and sustainable sourcing D.Consumers' desires for better corporate responsibility
C.Legislation requiring corporate ethical and sustainable sourcing
______________ creates the efficient flow of goods between supply chain partners, allowing profits and competitive advantage to be maximized. A.Operations B.Transportation planning C.Logistics D.Procurement
C.Logistics
Some businesses refer to sustainability in terms of supporting the three P's. This stands for: A.People, place, price B.Place, price, promotion C.People, planet, profit D.Planet, people, price
C.People, planet, profit
A product positioned strategy: A.Places warehouses close to customers B.Places warehouses midway between the sources of supply and the customers C.Places warehouses close to the sources of supply D.None of the above
C.Places warehouses close to the sources of supply
You are a manager at Sunnydale Appliances. A customer who recently purchased a dishwasher contacts you with a problem and requests warranty information. According to the text, this is an example of: A.Probable customer churn B.Pretransaction customer service C.Posttransaction customer service D.Transaction customer service
C.Posttransaction customer service
What does the term "Zombie Inventory" refer to?A.Items that show up on the books, but are not on the shelf B.Unsold products that get packaged and shipped with sold goods C.Product returns that sit unsold in storerooms D.Extra items in inventory to help reduce stockouts
C.Product returns that sit unsold in storerooms
Direct benefits of ISO 14000 include: A.Reduced defect rates B.Improved on-time delivery rates C.Reduction of pollution emissions D.All of these
C.Reduction of pollution emissions
Foreign-trade zones are: A.Markets in the U.S. where foreign countries set up and sell products B.Bodies of water where cargo ships are allowed to dock to deliver imported goods C.Secure sites within the U.S. where goods and materials can be assembled and exported without being levied domestic duties or excise taxes D.Secure sites in foreign countries where goods wait for clearance by importing country
C.Secure sites within the U.S. where goods and materials can be assembled and exported without being levied domestic duties or excise taxes
Which of the following is an advantage of a centralized purchasing department? A.Less bureaucracy B.More frequent shipments C.Specialization D.Closer contact between buyer and user
C.Specialization
Which of the following activities allows buyers to assume the supplier will meet certain product quality and service requirements? A.Business process reengineering B.Right-shoring C.Supplier certification D.Distribution network
C.Supplier certification
Convincing your supplier to cutting back on packaging, fuel, or electricity is an example of: A.Ethical sourcing B.Sole sourcing C.Sustainable sourcing D.Global sourcing
C.Sustainable sourcing
Why do firms assess their sourcing capabilities? A.They are looking for ways to reduce their employee headcount B.They can easily spot suppliers who are not practicing sustainable sourcing practices C.They can gauge their success in improving their own value-enhancing contributions to the firm D.All of the above
C.They can gauge their success in improving their own value-enhancing contributions to the firm
Which of the following is a major cultural issue and big hurdle for widespread implementation of CPFR?A.There is no software available to use B.Global economic changes C.Trust D.All of the above
C.Trust
All of the following are required elements for the development of an effective CRM initiative EXCEPT: A.Segmenting customers B.Customer value determination C.Utilization of MRP D.Personalizing customer communications
C.Utilization of MRP
Which of the following are intermodal transportation alternatives? A.Truck trailer-on-flatcar B.Roll-on-roll-off C.Piggyback service D.All of the above
D.All of the above
Which of the following issues is (are) important to consider when trying to determine the location of a firm's facilities? A.The stability in the location considered B.Environmental issues regulated by domestic laws or international trade agreements C.Access to suppliers from the location considered D.All of the above
D.All of the above
Which of the following is a trend in ethical and sustainable sourcing? A.Using suppliers who are reducing their carbon footprint B.Discontinuing purchases from firms that use unacceptable labor practices C.Reducing the number of delivery miles traveled D.All of these
D.All of these
Which of the following is important in developing successful relationships in a partnership?A.Commitment by top management B.Interpersonal business relationships between employees of the companies C.Mutual/compatible needs that result in a win-win situation for the partners D.All of these
D.All of these
Which of the following is true of today's purchasing staff members? A.They are viewed as strategic internal suppliers of the organization B.They are expected to generate cost savings for the organization C.They are expected to generate service and quality enhancements for the organization D.All the above
D.All the above
The main benefit(s) from benchmarking sourcing practices is/are: A.Savings in energy consumption and materials, lower distribution costs, and improved corporate image among regulators, customers and community B.Lower prices of goods and services, use of fewer buyers and lower administrative costs C.Larger market for products, economies of scale in purchasing and production, and lower labor costs D.Allows firms to leapfrog the experience-gaining stage by trying things that have worked well for other companies
D.Allows firms to leapfrog the experience-gaining stage by trying things that have worked well for other companies
An important outcome of statistical process control is: A.Firms can take corrective actions before process variabilities get out of control B.Firms can visually monitor process performance C.Firms can minimize total inventory cost D.Both A & B
D.Both A & B
The online retailer Ecatalog.com has decided to send consumers of the new John Grisham book an e-mail with suggestions for books with similar themes and has also offered them a 20% discount if those suggested books were purchased. This type of marketing/promotion is an example of: A.Target marketing B.Segmented selling C.Clickstream selling D.Cross-selling
D.Cross-selling
If lot sizes are reduced by 50 percent, what impact will this have on average inventory levels?: A.Increase by 50% B.Increase by 100% C.Decrease by 25% D.Decrease by 50%
D.Decrease by 50%
While most public procurement is focused on goals like those of purchasing departments in the private sector, U.S. federal government purchases must comply with the: A.Services and Materials Acquisition Act B.Fair Standards and Equitable Purchases Act C.Federal Code of Conduct for Procurement D.Federal Acquisition Regulation
D.Federal Acquisition Regulation
A customer's lifetime value is calculated by: A.Summing the projected annual profitability of the customer B.Summing the annual sales of the customer and then dividing by the projected lifetime C.The firm's MRP system D.Finding the NPV of a customer's projected lifetime profits for the firm
D.Finding the NPV of a customer's projected lifetime profits for the firm
Why do so many CRM programs fail? A.They are so expensive that it is hard to recover the investment B.They take the firm away from concentrating on their key suppliers C.Because of incompatible information and communication systems D.Firms concentrate more on the CRM software instead of taking care of customers
D.Firms concentrate more on the CRM software instead of taking care of customers
A forecast tracking signal is used to determine: A.If the product has shipped on time B.The location of the current shipment C.The price to charge for the product D.If the forecast bias is within the acceptable control limits
D.If the forecast bias is within the acceptable control limits
________________ are the most flexible mode of transportation and account for 70 percent of all the freight tonnage moved in the U.S. A.Water Carriers B.Rail Carriers C.Air Carriers D.Motor Carriers
D.Motor Carriers
Which of the following secures the right of employees to decide whether to join or financially support a union? A.Union shop laws B.Union planning forums C.Ethical union initiatives D.Right-to-work laws
D.Right-to-work laws
Which of the following illustrates Forward Vertical Integration? A.Microsoft starting a new division that designs and manufactures clothing B.Ford automotive buying additional machines for production C.Subway sandwich company buying a bakery to make the bread for their sandwiches D.Sony buying trucks to deliver their finished goods inventories to their customers' warehouses
D.Sony buying trucks to deliver their finished goods inventories to their customers' warehouses
An organization's process for evaluating the quality systems of key suppliers in an effort to eliminate incoming inspections can be referred to as? A.Quality Systems Certification B.Supply Management C.Supplier Inspection D.Supplier Certification
D.Supplier Certification
Which of the following is a reason small value purchases are handled differently? A.To give the buyer additional supplier choices B.To obtain a higher quality product C.To have better tracking of material usage D.To control unnecessary administrative costs
D.To control unnecessary administrative costs
Which of the following are among the MOST important elements of the lean production philosophy? A.Quality inspections and a standardized product line B.Fully automated assembly lines and a large supplier base C.Large inventories and quality inspections D.Waste reduction and continuous improvement
D.Waste reduction and continuous improvement
