IP Addressing

What is the range of an APIPA address?

169.254.0.0

What is the range of a private Class B IP address?

172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255

What is the range of a private Class C IP address?

192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255

What other names may APIPA be referred to?

- Zero Configuration Networking - Address Autoconfiguration

This IPv6 address range equals ::, and is equivalent to 0.0.0.0 in IPv4. It usually means that the host is not configured.

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

This IPv6 address range is also written as ::1.. Equivalent to the loopback address of 127.0.0.1 in IPv4.

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1

What is the range of a private Class A IP address?

10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255

This IPv6 address range is a global unicast address range for use on the internet.

2000::/3

What is the first octet range of a Class D IPv4 address and what is it reserved for? Default Subnet Mask?

224-238 Reserved for multicasts (sending messages over multiple systems) No default subnet mask

What is the first octet range of a Class E IPv4 address and what is it reserved for?

240-255 Reserved for testing No default subnet mask

What is the default Subnet Mask would a Private Class A IP address receive?

255.0.0.0

What is the default subnet mask for a Class A IPv4 address?

255.0.0.0

What is the default Subnet Mask would a Private Class B IP address?

255.240.0.0

What is the default Subnet Mask would a Private Class C IP address?

255.255.0.0

What is the default subnet mask for a Class B IPv4 address?

255.255.0.0

What is the default subnet mask for a Class C IPv4 address?

255.255.255.0

Why can't the Network ID nor the Host ID of an IP address be set to all 1's?

A host ID portion of all 1's means "all hosts on this network", commonly known as a broadcast address.

This type of IPv6 address may be also referred to as one-to-nearest addressing because a packet addressed to _______ will be delivered to the closest node.

Anycast

This type of IPv6 address refers to one that has been assigned to multiple nodes.

Anycast

Class A

Designed for very large networks. Defined as those with the first bit set as 0 (decimals set from 0-127). The default network portion is the first 8 bits, leaving 24 bits for host identification. Because network portion is only 8 bits long (0 and 127 are reserved) there are only 126 network addresses available. No longer available.

This IPv6 address range is a unique local unicast address range.

FC00::/7

This IPv6 address range link local unicast range.

FE80::/10

This IPv6 address range is a multicast range.

FF00::/8

Class B

For medium-sized networks. First 2 bits set at 110 (decimal values from 128-191). Default network portion is first 16 bits, leaving 16 bits for host identification. Generally regarded as unavailable but are from time to time.

Class C

For smaller networks. First 3 bits set at 110 (decimal values from 192-223). Default network portion is first 24 bits, leaving 8 bits for host identification. Few addresses still available.

Recognize the special classes of IPv6 addresses.

Loopback address is ::1. Global unicast addresses are in the 2000::/3 rage. Unique local unicast addresses are in the FC00::/7 range, link local addresses are FE80::/10 and FF00::/8 are multicast

This type of IPv6 address is used with multiple hosts, and is used to communicate to groups of computers.

Multicast

Why does IPv6 not employ broadcast addresses?

Multicasts already handle that function

What was created to handle the translation of private, nonroutable IP addresses into public IP addresses?

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Which 2 components make up an IP address?

Network ID and Host ID Network portion always comes before host portion.

Why can't the Network ID nor the Host ID of an IP address be set to all 0's?

Network addresses must be unique and host ID portion of all 0's means "this network".

All the addresses used on the Internet are called-

Public addresses, they must be purchased

Computers are able to differentiate where the Network ID ends and the Host address begins through the use of a -

Subnet mask

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

TCP/IP standard used to automatically configure IP-based hosts that are unable to reach a DHCP server.

The structure of IP addressing made it impossible to "create" or add any new addresses to the system. What was the solution to this problem?

To use private addresses. This allowed the use of TCP/IP without requiring the assignment of a public address. Private addresses are not routable on the internet. Intended for use on private network only, therefore did not have to be globally unique.

This type of IPv6 address identifies a single node on the network.

Unicast

What are the 3 types of IPv6 addresses?

Unicast Anycast Multicast

Explain the difference between unicast, anycast, and multicast in IPv6.

Unicast addresses are for a single node on the network. Anycast can represent a small group of systems. An anycast message will be delivered to the closest node. Multicast messages are delivered to all computers within a group.

When would you see a computer with an APIPA address?

When a computer is supposed to receive configuration information forma DHCP server but for some reason that server is unavailable. Even while configured with this address, the client will continue to broadcast for a DHCP server so that it can be given a real address once the server becomes available.

Using APIPA, how can you make it so that a TCP/IP network can run with no configuration?

When setting up a small local network, there is no need to communicate with any networks outside of itself. So you set the client computers to receive DHCP addresses automatically, but don't set up a DHCP server. The clients will configure themselves and be able to communicate with each other using TCP/IP. This solution is really effective for a nonrouted network of fewer than 100 computers Downsides= will create a little more broadcast traffic on your network.