IPC Chapter 3

In 1995, the U.S. Department of Labor surveyed 60,000 household to lean what identity labels different ethnic groups prefer. The survey revealed that members of various racial groups: a. do not have uniform preferences b. have uniform preferences c. like stereotypes d. had no preference e. were sensitive to stereotypes

a. do not have uniform preferences

This assumes that we understand what the person thinks, feels or perceives. a. mind reading b. cognitive complexity c. standpoint theory d. fundamental attribution error e. implicit error

a. mind reading

My boss Susan is a great supervisor because she listens to her employee's concerns and ideas. Susan is an example of a(n): a. prototype. b. script. c.personal construct. d.stereotype. e. attribution.

a. prototype.

Research demonstrates that attributional patterns are linked to ____ and forgiveness. a. prototypes b. scripts c. personal constructs d. stereotypes e. marital quality

a. prototypes

Darryl says to his friend, "You must be so happy that you're about to become an uncle!" Darryl's statement is an example of: a. Empathy b. Mind reading c. Sympathy d. Fundamentally attributing error e. Cognitive complexity

b. Mind reading

We tend to overestimate the internal causes of others' undesirable behaviors and underestimate the external causes. Conversely, we are likely to underestimate the internal causes of our own misdeeds and failures and overestimate the external causes a. prototype. b. fundamental attribution error. c. personal construct. d. stereotype. e. self-serving bias.

b. fundamental attribution error.

Research has shown that the United States is a highly individualistic culture in which ____ is expected and rewarded. a. socialization b. personal initiative c. contribution d. collectivism e. cohesion

b. personal initiative

After performing a comprehensive job search, job seekers put together a resume, write a cover letter, and then go on job interviews. This statement best exemplifies: a. prototypes. b. scripts. c. personal constructs. d. stereotypes. e. attributions.

b. scripts.

Mike was responsible for taking care of his two younger siblings while Mike was growing up. As an adult, he is more nurturing and more attentive to others' needs than most of his male peers. Mike's greater care-giving inclination is best explained by his: a. cognitive schemata. b. standpoint. c. selective perception. d. prototypes. e. abstraction.

b. standpoint.

Which of the following is a script? a. your expectation of how a friend will behave b. your idea about how you should interact with a friend c. the person who exemplifies a friend to you d. how a friend measures up on the dimension of intelligent-unintelligent e. the dictionary definition of friend

b. your idea about how you should interact with a friend

Chat rooms can be evaluated based on how interesting or boring the conversations are. This statement best represents a. prototypes. b. scripts. c. personal constructs. d. stereotypes. e. attributions.

c. personal constructs.

Janet says, "I didn't get a job offer because the interviewer was biased and it was a nasty day. However, Ellen didn't get an offer because she isn't qualified." This is an example of: a. construct differentiation. b. implicit personality theory. c. self-serving bias. d. internal attributions. e. scripting.

c. self-serving bias.

Which of the following is a prototype? a. your expectation of how a friend will behave b. your idea about how you should interact with a friend c. the person who exemplifies a friend to you d. how a friend measures up on the dimension of intelligent unintelligent e. the dictionary definition of friend

c. the person who exemplifies a friend to you

All of the following are guidelines for improving perception and communication a. Recognize that all perceptions are partial and subjective b. Avoid mind-reading c. Check perceptions with others d. Associate the similarities of facts and inferences e. Guard against self-serving bias

d. Associate the similarities of facts and inferences

Which of the following is a personal construct? a. your expectation of how a friend will behave b. your idea about how you should interact with a friend c. the person who exemplifies a friend to you d. how a friend measures up on the dimension of intelligent-unintelligent e. the dictionary definition of friend

d. how a friend measures up on the dimension of intelligent-unintelligent

All of the following are part of the process of human perception EXCEPT: a. selection. b. organization c. interpretation. d. imagination. e. attribution.

d. imagination.

Corey thinks that people who are outgoing are also friendly, confident, and fun. Corey's assumption that outgoing are also friendly, confident, and fun is inference based on his ____ of the qualities that accompany outgoingness. a. standpoint b. self-serving bias c. stereotype d. implicit personality theory e. mind reading

d. implicit personality theory

Charles says, "I would never join a fraternity. All fraternities do is party." Charles' statement is an example of a(n): a. prototype. b. script. c. personal construct. d. stereotype. e. attribution.

d. stereotype.

This is a predictive generalization applied to a person or situation. Based on the category in which we place someone or something and how that person or thing measures up against the personal constructs we apply, we predict what he, she, or it will do. a. prototype. b. script. c. personal construct. d. stereotype. e. attribution.

d. stereotype.

The reason why you and another person may disagree about something is more likely that you have attended to different things that are differences in: a. social b. personal c. cultural d. cognitive e. all of these

e. all of these

Charles will always be fat, because he is too lazy to exercise and he doesn't care about what he eats. This is an example of: a. prototype. b. script. c. personal construct. d. stereotype. e. attribution.

e. attribution.

All of the following influence perception EXCEPT: a. age b. culture c. roles d. cognitive ability e. bias

e. bias

All of the following are influences on perception except: a. physiology b. age c. culture d. cognitive ability e. cognitive complexity

e. cognitive complexity

When you meet a new person, you might classify the person as a possible friend, date, or enemy. You also might focus on physical qualities. This is based on your ____. a. age b. culture c. social role d. cognitive ability e. cognitive schemata

e. cognitive schemata

Individuals who are more ____ are better able to integrate new information about others and situations. a. empathic b. adept at mindreading c. standpoint sympathetic d. fundamentally attributing errors e. cognitively complex

e. cognitively complex

Maggie has always dreamed of her perfect romantic soul mate. She believes that her ideal soul mate will be tall, dark, handsome, smart, and rich. Maggie's ideal soul mate is an example of ____. a. script b. personal contruct c. schemata d. perception e. prototype

e. prototype

According to the process of human perception, the selection process includes all of the following except: a. qualities of the phenomena b. self-indication c. culture d. both self-indication and culture e. rational judgment.

e. rational judgment.

Jorge says, "When I do badly on a test or paper, I usually say either the professor was unfair or I had too much to do that week and couldn't study like I wanted to. But when my friends do badly on a test, I tend to think they're not good in that subject or they aren't disciplined or whatever." This is an example of: a. prototype. b. script. c. personal construct. d. stereotype. e. self-serving bias.

e. self-serving bias.

Mariah really wanted to get a recording contract, but no one was willing to sign with her because of her age. She thought that her age made it hard for record producers to take her seriously as an artist. This is an example of: a. prototype. b. script. c. personal construct. d. stereotype. e. self-serving bias.

e. self-serving bias.

This is a point of view shaped by political awareness of the social location of a group⎯the material, social, and symbolic conditions common for members of a social group. a. age b. culture c. roles d. cognitive ability e. standpoint

e. standpoint