IS232 Pre Exam 2-Chapter 4-6 part 1

reachability

For any network node to communicate and exchange data with another network node, some way of forwarding packets from the sender to receiver must exist. What is this concept called?

RARP

ND makes use of multicast addresses. Which multicast address is expressed using ff02::1?

all nodes

ND makes use of multicast addresses. Which multicast address is expressed using ff02::1?

all routers

ND makes use of multicast addresses. Which multicast address is expressed using ff02::2?

True

ND takes over the functions that ARP and Reverse ARP handled in IPv4.

False

Neighbor Discovery makes abundant use of messages.

Redirect

Neighbor Discovery performs many of the functions that ICMP Router Discovery and which of the following handled in IPv4?

True

Neighbor Discovery uses five ICMPv6 message types.

Code 4: Fragmentation Needed and Don't Fragment Was Set

Of which of the following ICMP replies are there two versions, which are: the standard version that simply states the packet had the Don't Fragment bit set when it reached a router that needed to fragment it, and the PMTU version that includes information about the restricting link?

fragment retransmission

On a network that is low on available bandwidth, which of the following processes causes more traffic on the wire?

Router Advertisement

The Target Link-Layer Address option is used in Neighbor Advertisement and in which of the following messages?

128

The default TTL in Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2012, Windows 7, and Windows 10 is which of the following?

Redirect

What type of messages does a router send to the sender when it knows a better first-hop for a particular destination address?

distance vector

What type of routing protocol uses information about the distances between networks rather than the amount of time it takes for traffic to make its way from the source network to the destination network?

reachability

the ability to find at least one transmission path between a pair of hosts so they can exchange datagrams across an internetwork

hardware address

the address of the NIC that is typically used as the data link address

throughput difference

the comparative difference in throughput between two paths and is measured in Kbps or Mbps

overhead

the non-data bits or bytes required to move data from one location to another

True

ARP is used to obtain the hardware address of the destination IP hosts.

Time To Live

All IPv4 packets have a predefined lifetime indicated in which field?

Neighbor Advertisement

An ICMPv6 type 136 message is also known as which of the following?

IP address scanning

Which of the following processes is one method of obtaining a list of the active hosts on a network?

routing table

Which of the following terms best describes a compilation of information about all the networks that the router can reach?

ICMP messages

Which of the following types of messages serves to keep hosts apprised of networking conditions and problems, and equipped to use best paths around the network?

IP hosts

Which of the following typically learn about routes through manual configuration of the default gateway parameter and redirection messages?

Router Solicitation

Which of the following uses ICMPv6 type 133 messages?

Neighbor Solicitation

Which of the following uses ICMPv6 type 135 messages?

Traceroute

Which of the following utilities use route tracing to identify a path from the sender to the target host?

MTU

Which option is sent in Router Advertisement messages to provide a common MTU value for nodes on the same network segment?

Advertisement Interval

Which option is used in Mobile IPv6 by mobile nodes receiving Router Advertisement messages for their movement detection algorithm?

False

With router advertising, the default Lifetime value for route entries is 10 minutes.

inverse mapping

the process of identifying live network hosts positioned behind a filtering device by probing for addresses known not to be in use

Router Advertisement

ICMP Echo/Echo Reply

Code 2: Protocol Unreachable

A host or router can send which of the following error message to indicate that the protocol defined in the IP header cannot be processed?

True

A network is usually said to be converged when all the routers know a loop-free path to get to all other networks.

True

Home Agents may include the Home Agent Information option in their Router Advertisement messages, but it should not be included if the Home Agent (H) bit is not set.

True

ICMP packets contain only three required fields after the IP header: Type, Code, and Checksum.

router

IP fragmentation enables a larger packet to be automatically fragmented into smaller packets to cross a link that supports a smaller MTU. Which of the following devices performs this fragmentation?

Gratuitous ARP

IPv6 Duplicate Address Detection protocol can be compared with which IPv4 protocol function?

ARP Request

IPv6 Neighbor Solicitation protocol can be compared with which IPv4 protocol function?

Router Advertisement

IPv6 Router Advertisement protocol can be compared with which IPv4 protocol function?

True

If a packet with TTL=1 arrives at a router, the router must discard the packet because it cannot decrement the TTL to 0 and forward the packet.

224.0.0.1

If configured to do so, routers periodically send unsolicited ICMP Router Advertisements to which of the following all-hosts multicast address?

Authentication

In a RIPv2 packet, which field contains a plain text password?

Reserved

In the ICMPv6 Router Solicitation message, which field is an unused field that is set to 0 by the source node and ignored by the destination node?

Network

Protocols at which layer of the OSI model have the primary function of moving datagrams through an internetwork connected by routers?

True

Routers can use ICMP to provide a default gateway setting to a host (if the host requests assistance).

Router Advertisement

Routers periodically send which type of message to inform hosts of link prefixes, settings for address autoconfiguration, link MTU, valid and preferred lifetimes, and other possible options?

True

Routers send ICMP Redirect messages to hosts to indicate that a preferable route exists.

False

The value 0 in the IP header Protocol field denotes that an ICMP header follows the IP header.

False

Upon start-up, Neighbor Discovery collects information about how nodes configure their IPv6 addresses to communicate on the network.

ICMP Echo Requests

Using which of the following as well as some manipulation of the TTL value in the IP header, Traceroute results provide a list of routers along a path, as well as the round-trip latency time to each router?

exterior gateway protocols

What do routers use in order to connect autonomous systems (ASs)?

precedence

What does a router use to determine which packet to send when several packets are queued for transmission from a single-output interface?

hardware address

What is required to get the packet from one IP host to another IP host on a single network?

Router Discovery

What process is used by nodes to discover neighbor routers on the local link, learn prefixes, configure their default gateway, and other possible configuration parameters?

IPsec

What protocol protects the authentication and confidentiality of ICMPv6 exchanges?

Router Solicitation

What type of message does an IPv6 node send when an interface becomes active and the node wants to find routers connected to the local link?

Router Solicitation

When a host's interface initializes, it may send which of the following messages to determine if any IPv6 routers are on the network segment?

Address Resolution

When a node wants to send a packet to an on-link neighbor but the sender does not know the link-layer address for the target node, which process is invoked by the node?

False

When a packet is fragmented, all fragments are given different TTL values.

Code 5: Source Route Failed

Which ICMP reply does a router send in order to indicate that the router cannot use the strict or loose source routing path specified in the original packet?

ICMP Echo/Echo Reply

Which message type supports functionality for reachability utilities like Ping and Tracert; essential when installing, configuring, and troubleshooting IP networks?

ICMP Type 8

Which of the following ICMP Types is used for Echo Request packets?

Checksum

Which of the following ICMP packet fields provide error detection for the ICMP header only?

ICMP

Which of the following can hackers can use as part of a reconnaissance process to learn about active network addresses and active processes?

PMTU Discovery

Which of the following enables a source to learn the currently supported MTU across an entire path, without requiring fragmentation?

Pathping

Which of the following is a command-line utility that uses ICMP Echo packets to test router and link latency, as well as packet loss?

Point-to-Point Protocol

Which of the following is a general-purpose protocol that provides WAN data link encapsulation services similar to those available for LAN encapsulations?

Proxy ARP

Which of the following is a method that allows an IP host to use a simplified subnetting design?

Source Quench

Which of the following may a router or host use as a way to indicate that it is becoming congested or overloaded?

ICMP Destination Unreachable

Which of the following message types document when routing or delivery errors prevent IP datagrams from reaching their destinations?

ICMP Redirect

Which of the following message types permit a gateway (router) on a nonoptimal route between sender and receiver to redirect traffic to a more optimal path?

Redirect

Which of the following messages do router send to inform a host of a better first-hop router for a destination?

black hole

Which of the following occurs on a network when ICMP is turned off and a router discards packets without sending any notification about its actions?

Split horizon

Which of the following prevents a router from advertising a network on the same interface from which it learned that network?

Network congestion

a condition that occurs when the delivery time for packets increases beyond normal limits

restricting link

a link that does not support forwarding based on the current packet format and configuration

Router Solicitation

a message sent out by a node to ask routers connected to a local link to identify themselves by immediately sending a Router Advertisement message rather than waiting for the next scheduled advertisement to appear

Redirect

a message sent out by a router to inform a sending node that there is a better first-hop router to access a destination node that is off-link

Router Advertisement

a message sent out by a router which contains its own link-layer address, the network prefix of the local subnet, the MTU for the local link, suggested hop limit values, and other parameters useful for nodes on the local link

Duplicate Address Detection

a method for checking the IPv6 address that a node wishes to use by sending a Neighbor Advertisement message to see if it is already in use by some other node

solicited-node address

a multicast address with link-local scope, which helps reduce the number of multicast groups to which nodes must subscribe in order to make themselves available for solicitation by other nodes on their local links

Neighbor Discovery

a protocol in IPv6 that permits nodes and routers on a local link to keep one another updated about any recent change in their network connectivity or status

Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)

a protocol used by many Internet service providers to authenticate and manage broadband subscribers

unspecified address

a reserved address used as a source address if a node does not have an assigned IPv6 address

internal route entry

a route entry learned from within the same area as the computing device

host route

a routing table entry with a 32-bit subnet mask designed to reach a specific network host

Link Control Protocol (LCP)

a special connection negotiation protocol that PPP uses to establish point-to-point links between peers for ongoing communications

ARP cache

a temporary table in memory that consists of recent ARP entries

firewalking

a two-staged reconnaissance method involving an initial perimeter device discovery phase and subsequent inverse mapping of filtered devices

ICMP query message

an ICMP message that contains requests for configuration or other information

ICMP Echo communication

an ICMP process whereby a host sends an Echo packet to another host on an internetwork

BGP

an interdomain routing protocol that replaces Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)

areas

groups of contiguous networks

Neighbor Advertisement

messages sent by nodes that include their IPv6 and link-layer addresses to maintain information about local addresses and on-link status

Neighbor Solicitation

messages used to find (or verify) the link-layer address for a local node, to see if that node is still available, or to check that an address is not in use by another node

route resolution process

that process that a host undergoes to determine whether a desired destination is local or remote and, if remote, which next-hop router to use