ISB 202 Exam #2 Part 2
16. What distinguishes one type of atom from another? a. the number of protons b. the number of neutrons c. the number of electrons d. the total mass of the atom
a
Because water waves are formed by water that is in motion, and sound waves are formed by the movement of air molecules, these waves have: a. kinetic energy b. potential energy c. chemical energy d. radiant energy
a
Gold, copper, aluminum, and carbon are: a. elements b. isotopes c. molecules d. compounds
a
If you push a sofa twice as far as your friend who was pushing an identical sofa, you did: (work = f x d) a. twice as much work b. four times as much work c. the same amount of work
a
This is equal to the ability to do work. a. Energy b. Force c. Power d. Work
a
When light is emitted from a light source such as a lamp or the gas in a star, this means that a photon has been emitted with an energy that is _______ the amount of energy released by an electron as it returned to its ground state: a. equal to b. greater than c. less than d. none of the above - photons are emitted when electrons move to an excited state from the ground state
a
When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows: a. from your finger to the ice b. from the ice to your finger c. actually, it flow both ways
a
Which of the following concepts would make space dust a threat to interstellar space travel if the ship were travelling near the speed of light? a. kinetic energy = ½ mv2 b. potential energy = mgh c. force = (G x m1 x m2)/d2 d. a2 + b2 = c2
a
Which of the following have researchers, using magnetic fields to stimulate the brains of subjects, not been able to do? a. cause total loss of consciousness b. cause abduction-like experiences c. cause mystical experiences d. cause feelings of flying or leaving the body
a
Which two particles in an atom have equal, but opposite, electrical charges? a. protons and electrons b. protons and neutrons c. electrons and neutrons
a
Assume Mary and Martha weigh the same amount (110 pounds). Mary ran to the top of the bleachers in 7 seconds, whereas Martha took 8.2 seconds to reach the top. What is true of the amount of power they expended? (power = work/time) a. Mary and Martha expended the same amount of power. b. Mary expended more power than Martha. c. Martha expended more power than Mary.
b
Astrology was developed by the: a. Egyptians b. Babylonians c. Sumerians d. Greeks
b
Atoms heavier than hydrogen were made by: a. photosynthesis b. nuclear fusion c. radioactivity d. chemosynthesis
b
How many different elements are in a water molecule? a. one b. two c. three d. it varies
b
If you lift an object to twice its original height above the ground, it has: (PE = m x g x h) a. the same amount of potential energy b. it has twice the potential energy c. it has 4 times the potential energy d. it has no potential energy
b
In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons always equals the number of: a. neutrons b. electrons c. elements d. quarks e. gluons
b
Refer to the Periodic Table of the Elements in the text: If two protons are added to the nucleus of an iron (Fe) atom, the result is: a. an isotope of iron b. the creation of a nickel atom (Ni) c. a chemical compound
b
Saint Augustine rejected astrology: a. when a forecast that was made for him by an astrologer did not come true b. when he learned of two twins, one of which became a slave and the other an aristocrat c. when he discovered that an astrologer was giving the same forecasts to several people born at different times d. when he learned that it conflicted with Christian theology e. when he realized that astrologers were using vague statements that could apply to anyone.
b
The Bohr model of the atom, based on the concept of a quantum jump, shows that: a. nature always fits our intuition (gut feelings based on common sense) regarding the way nature should work b. nature can be very weird c. science cannot handle strange ideas d. none of the above
b
The previous question is referring to different ____ of carbon. a. elements b. isotopes c. compounds d. molecules
b
This is equal to mass x acceleration a. Energy b. Force c. Power d. Work
b
When one carbon atom combines with two oxygen atoms to produce carbon dioxide, the carbon and oxygen atoms constitute ____, whereas the carbon dioxide they produce is called a/an _______. (You may have to look up the definition of the terms below elsewhere in the text to answer the question.) a. protons; atom b. elements, molecule c. elements; ion d. neutrons, molecule
b
Which of the following will cause the most damage when it hits a wall? (EK = ½ x mass x velocity2) a. A 1 kg ball moving at 20 m/s (44 mph) b. A 0.5 kg ball moving at 40 m/s (88 mph) c. They will cause the same amount of damage.
b
Which of these particle sets comprise the nucleus of most atoms? a. molecules and elements b. protons and neutrons c. protons and electrons d. electrons and neutrons
b
49. The Babylonians established the alleged astrological correlations between star positions and personality characteristics by: a. conducting surveys b. doing experiments c. assuming that such a relationship existed d. both A and B
c
Assume Mary and Martha weigh 110 pounds and 145 pounds, respectively. If they are both running at a speed of 10 mph down the track, what is true of their kinetic energy? (EK = ½ x mass x velocity2) a. Their kinetic energy is the same because they are moving at the same speed. b. Mary's kinetic energy is greater because she weighs less. c. Martha's kinetic energy is greater because she weighs more. d. It is impossible to say.
c
Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are: a. newer b. older c. the same age
c
Erich von Daniken's claim that drawings found in archaeological sites depict aliens is: a. based on solid evidence b. supported by detailed investigations of sites across the world by archaeologists and historians c. the result of von Daniken's tendency to interpret the images based on his beliefs d. both A and B
c
Given Mary and Martha's weight, (110 lbs and 145 lbs, respectively), who has the greatest potential energy at the top of the bleachers? (PE = m x g x h) a. They have the same potential energy because they are the same height above the ground. b. Mary has the greatest because potential energy is inversely related to weight. c. Martha has the greatest because she is heavier. d. It is impossible to say.
c
If one carbon atom has an atomic mass of 13 and another carbon atom has an atomic mass of 14, the one with the larger mass has: a. more protons b. more electrons c. more neutrons d. more nuclei
c
John is an inventor and he recently claimed that he had developed a perpetual motion device. This is a device that, once set in motion, will remain in motion because all of internal energy supply is converted into useful work. John's claim: a. is possible in principle b. is impossible due to the First law of Thermodynamics (energy can neither be created nor destroyed) c. is impossible due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics (entropy/disorder increases with time; i.e., waste heat is always produced and results in a loss of energy available to do work)
c
John wanted to become the strongest guy in school and so he lifted weights every day. One day, he added an extra 50 pounds to the stack of weights and tried to lift it - but couldn't. Instead, he injured his back. How much work did John do on the barbell loaded with weights? a. John did a lot of work b. John did a little word c. John did no work
c
Mary weighs 110 pounds and Martha weighs 145. Both are on the volleyball team and both were told by the coach to run up and down the bleachers. Given this, which of the following is true? (work = force x distance) a. They did the same amount of work going up the bleachers b. Mary did more work than Martha c. Martha did more work than Mary
c
T/F Life, and therefore, the evolution of life on earth: a. violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that isolated systems always tend toward a state of greater disorder/greater entropy b. violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics because this law prevents ordered systems from ever arising c. does not violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics because the earth is not an isolated system - it receives energy from the sun d. does not violate the law of increasing entropy because this law only applies to open systems e. both a and b
c
The "paralysis" that abductees experience is almost certainly caused by: a. the mental powers of the aliens b. chemicals or devices used by aliens to immobilize the abductees c. the hypnogogic or hynopompic state of the person d. either a or b is the most likely explanation
c
The Stair analogy that the authors of the CIS text use when discussing the Bohr atom is intended to illustrate: a. the work it takes to move an electron to a higher orbit b. the ease with which an electron can move to a lower orbit c. the fact that electrons can only occur at certain, precise distances from the nucleus - and no where in between those set distances d. all of the above
c
The chemical properties of elements come mostly from its a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons
c
The research by Budd Hopkins and Dave Jacobs concerning alien abductions, and which led them to conclude that 4 million Americans had been abducted, was based on: a. eyewitness testimony by people who said they actually saw the aliens who abducted them b. eyewitness testimony by family members who witnessed the abductions as they were happening to their family members c. responses to a survey that were interpreted to as evidence of alien abduction d. both a and b
c
The type of 'transporter', such as that used in Star Trek, and which have been alleged to have been used by aliens to beam abductees onto a spacecraft: a. is physically possible and has been successfully demonstrated in lab experiments using small rocks b. is physically possible and has been used by the military to transport soldiers conducting "back ops" c. is physically possible - but not yet technologically possible for humans.
c
This is equal to the amount of work in a given amount of time. a. Energy b. Force c. Power d. Work
c
When a car is braked to a stop, its kinetic energy is converted to: a. potential energy b. kinetic energy c. heat
c
Which of the following is NOT a true statement? a. The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. b. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed, it can only change form. c. Heat flows from cold to hot objects d. Energy always goes spontaneously from a more useful to a less useful form.
c
Any material that consists of only one type of atom is called a/an: a. molecule b. proton c. compound d. element e. nucleic acid
d
Brownian Motion provided evidence that: a. the Big Bang occurred b. that E = mc2 c. energy is conserved d. that atoms exist e. heat is not made of a fluid
d
Solid matter - like the chair you're sitting in and your body - are mostly empty space. Given this, why don't you "fall through the chair" in which you are sitting? a. the atoms in your body and in the chair are constantly moving b. nuclear forces prevent this from happening c. gravitational forces prevent this from happening d. electrical forces of repulsion between electrons prevents this from happening
d
Spectroscopy is based on: a. the nature of the electron shells/energy levels within the atoms that comprise a material b. the fact that the pattern for the emission and absorption of light is different for different materials and so the pattern is like a 'fingerprint' that is unique for each type of material c. the fact that materials either emit or absorb energy only at certain wavelengths d. all of the above e. a and c only
d
This is equal to force x distance a. Energy b. Force c. Power d. Work
d
We have good reasons for rejecting the claims of astrology because: a. there is no experimental evidence to support it b. there are many versions of astrology and they are inconsistent with one another and therefore subjective c. the claims of astrology contradict well-established principles of physics and biology d. all of the above e. none of the above - astrology is true if people believe it's true
d
Which of the following is true? a. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. b. Energy can change form from one type to another. c. Energy cannot change form from one type to another. d. both a and b e. both a and c
d
Which two particles in an atom are approximately the same size? a. electron and quark b. electron and proton c. proton and quark d. proton and neutron
d
According to science, our personality is determined by: a. our genes b. our environment c. the gravitational influence of stars and planets d. all of the above e. A and B only
e
Bohr showed that: a. when electrons shift from one electron shell to another, they emit a specific amount of energy - quanta of energy b. electrons move from one shell to another, without crossing the space in-between, in a process he called a quantum jump c. electrons can occur at any distance from the nucleus of atoms - just as an airplane can occur at any altitude above the surface of the earth d. all of the above e. a and b only
e
Heat (thermal energy) is related to: a. a fluid that exists inside of objects known as caloric b. the atomic and molecular motion of matter c. the random kinetic energy of atoms and molecules d. both a and c e. both b and c
e
Michael Gauquelin: a. reported data suggesting a statistical correlation between month of birth and certain careers b. concluded that his results provided strong support for the claims of astrology c. rejected the idea that astrology is real d. both A and B e. both A and C
e
Scientists can determine the chemical composition of stars and planets, without going there, based on: a. spectroscopic analysis b. the fact that chemical elements and compounds either absorb or emit light at certain, specific wavelengths that are unique to those elements and compounds c. the use of powerful radars d. none of the above - the idea that a scientist can know something without sampling it directly (e.g., bringing it into a lab) is absurd and shouldn't be taken seriously e. both A and B
e
The fact that time 'flows' from the past to the present and to the future is the result of: a. Newton's First Law of Motion b. Newton's Second Law of Motion c. Newton's Third law of Motion d. The First Law of Thermodynamics e. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
e
There are always fewer lions on the Serengeti Plain in Africa than there are gazelles because: a. the lions aren't very successful at hunting and so most of them starve to death b. the lions have been killed by poachers c. the lions are at a higher trophic level than the gazelles d. there is less energy available for the lions than for the gazelles e. both C and D
e
Which of the following is a possible explanation for why some people believe in astrology? a. they feel that their astrological descriptions describe them accurately b. they are unaware of the scientific studies which show that astrology does not work c. it relieves them of their sense of responsibility for their actions and thereby provides comfort (i.e., "it's all in the stars - it's not up to me") d. it provides them with a sense of unity between themselves and nature (the cosmos) e. all of the above
e
T/F Biological systems are considered to be closed systems.
f
T/F Gauquelin's results are an example of a case in which correlation definitely proves causation.
f
T/F If someone passes a polygraph test, you can be virtually certain that they were telling the truth because these devices are very reliable.
f
T/F Individual atoms have been photographed in visible light.
f
T/F Regressive hypnosis has been found to be a very reliable means of recalling repressed memories.
f
T/F The amount of energy in the universe is constantly decreasing.
f
T/F The common elements (inability to move, appearance of the aliens, missing time, etc.) of UFO abduction accounts told by "abductees" can only be explained based on the assumption that the abductions were real.
f
T/F The false memories that people develop while under hypnosis are clearly distinguishable from real memories.
f
T/F The gravitational effect of a planet (such as Mars or Venus) is much more than that exerted by a book on a desk in front of you.
f
T/F The phenomenon of 'missing time' is very rare and has been experienced only by abductees.
f
T/F There are several systems of astrology and they are very consistent with one another.
f
T/F Former President Ronald Reagan based some of his decisions on an astrologer's advice.
t
T/F Heat is related to the motions of atoms and molecules.
t
T/F Heightened temporal lobe activity in the brain may be responsible for a variety of unusual or paranormal experiences.
t
T/F In order for you to have seen light from a light source, the electrons in the light source must have emitted energy when they went to a lower electron orbital.
t
T/F It wasn't until the 20th century that most scientists became convinced that atoms are real.
t
T/F Most people who claim to have been abducted by aliens made this claim only after they were hypnotized - not before.
t
T/F One of the most important laws in the sciences is the Law of Conservation of Energy.
t
T/F The directionality in nature; i.e., the tendency of ordered systems to become disordered, is ultimately the result of the motion of atoms and molecules.
t
T/F The fundamental basis for the idea of astrology was that heavenly bodies controlled the occurrence of the seasons and therefore, they could control human affairs.
t
T/F The term 'Caesarian section" is based on the claim that Julius Caesar was delivered in this manner in order to ensure that his time of birth would result in him becoming famous.
t
T/F The terms "quantum physics" is related to the fact that the energy levels in an atom are discrete; i.e., that they are 'quantized' into specific amounts - which means they cannot have energy values in between those specific values.
t