ISM3004 Exam 1
Broad Variety of open source software solutions
-Firefox -Sakai -WordPress -Open Race (competitor to Microsoft office) -Linux (Google runs on Linux) -Apache (most popular web software on the planet) -MySQL (database) -PHP (programming language)
Economics of OSS
-Oss developers -OSS revenue Sources -Commercial support (may be required for adoption) -consulting services -design, integration, hardware -spending less on software systems leave more money for hardware sales
Treasure outcomes of Cloud Computing
-Scalability (ability to scale back on capacity- reduced cost)
Name three federated authentication technologies discussed in the lecture
-Shibboleth (SSOfi) -SAML (SSOfi) -OAUTH (SSOfi)
Name the 3 top server virtualization systems and their vendors (or OSS if appropriate)
-VMware -vshpere -Microsoft Hyper-V -Xen
Treasure outcomes of OSS disruptions
-competition and innovation -reduces cost of entry for small companies
What factors lead to cloud computing being more energy efficient and environmentally friendly?
-dynamic provisioning where cloud powers off unused servers -multitenacy- multiple people using the same applications on the same hardware -higher server utilization
How does server virtualization impact enterprise data centers and server rooms?
-server rooms are at capacity -reduce server room cost -space -energy -furnishings
What percentage of utilization is CPU?
5%
How many tons of CO2 emissions were eliminated in 2012?
600k
What percentage of IT projects fail?
68%
Generally speaking, what portion of total IT cost occurs after the initial purchase? (based on Gartner research)
80
What is a cloud-first strategy
A cloud first strategy allows businesses to save money on software, platforms, and infrastructure. Instead of building their own tech stack, they subscribe to a service provider who can provide premium services at a cheaper cost.
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
A method that enables infrastructure and tools from the service provider so that the client does not need to manage them. -no hardware required -no expensive datacenter -install your own software on their servers -support 24/7 -scalable -affordable operating expenses
Your company is considering the use of a Cloud application to address a mission-critical business need. The Chief Privacy Officer (CPO) is very worried about the security of corporate data that is stored at the cloud provider. What external audit could the cloud vendor provide your CPO to hopefully address those security concerns?
AICPA SOC 2
Your company's programmers have created a custom distributed computing application to meet a key business need. The system has multiple servers: application servers, web servers, and database servers. Those different servers communicate with each other using a(n) _________.
API
LAMP stack
Acronym for Linux, Apache Web server software, MySQL database, and Perl/Python/PHP
Mr. Olson described a process for selecting software that will help you avoid "putting the cart before the horse." Which of the following is the first step in that process?
Analyze needs.
What does it mean that fiber optic ethernet cabling is non-conducting? Why is that good?
Avoid electrical interference
True Statements about Copyright
By default, only the copyright owner has the right to use their work. Copyright is permanently fixed to the original work in some form that can be seen or heard. Fair use is a limitation on copyright that is intended to facilitate teaching, news reporting, etc.
Suppose that you work for a medium-sized financial services company. You're searching for a Creative Commons licensed image to use on your corporate website. You've found one that looks like a possible starting point, but you will need to edit image before it's suitable for use on your site -- tweak the colors, crop it, add your corporate logo, etc. Which of the following Creative Commons licenses could be used in this situation?
CC by SA
Information Technology can be a great career. Not only is the "sexiest job of the 21st century" in Information Technology, there are some fantastic upper-level corporate leadership opportunities as well! Which job title best matches the position description below? "Senior corporate executive with primary responsibility for the security of the company's information systems and data."
CISO
Salesperson needs to track information about a set of clients - names, addresses, items they've purchased, summary of each phone call, etc.
CRM
What are examples of DaaS?
Citrix, amazon web services , dell
Choose a cloud solution the best addresses the scenario: Tara's Tax service plans to hire 100 temporary employees soon. Rather than buying each one a PC, the company wants to host virtual PCs in the cloud for these temporary hires.
Daas
How does virutalization impact server deployment and enterprise agility?
Deploy virtual machines from templates reduced costs faster turnaround fewer errors
True statements about distributed computing
Distributed computing should provide greater scalability than locally-installed applications. Correct! In general, distributed computing applications provide greater data security than desktop applications. Correct! Distributed computing applications are generally more complex than locally-installed applications.
Manager wants to get a report that integrates data from multiple business functions: HR, finance, purchasing, manufacturing, and others.
ERP
What social media site is an example of network effects?
True or False: Your company has purchased a perpetual license to UberCalc2000 software. This means that your company owns the software permanently and therefore can do anything you want with the software.
False
Virtualization Treasures
Flexibility for consumers -environmental impact
As we discussed, when dealing with emerging technology, timing is everything. On the Hype Cycle below, what danger do organizations face at point B?
Giving up too soon.
This computer pioneer accurately predicted that the number of transistors on a chip would double approximately every two years, at the same price.
Gordon Moore
What is federated authentication?
It's a single-sign on (SSO) method to sign into cloud services. The account information can be used to access two or more websites.
Your company's programmers are going to build a new web application to support a critical business function. They've decided to use ______, which is a powerful open source platform (OS, web server, database, and programming language) that has been used to build some of the most powerful, popular web applications in use today.
LAMP
Like uranium, tech skills and knowledge have a half-life -- and it is very short! New technology replaces old, making current skills less valuable. I recommended several specific actions you can take to prevent your tech skills from becoming "useless radioactive sludge."
Learn how to learn Geek up! Agile Be creative Curious Creative Geek up Be agile Learn to learn Be curious
LAN
Local Area Network; a geographic network that covers a relatively small geographic area such as a building or a small campus - no more than a mile distance between computers
OLPC
One Laptop per Child
Choose a cloud solution the best addresses the scenario: Mike's Music wants to build a custom solution to manage their stores. They don't have a datacenter, so they want to put their custom solution in the cloud.
PaaS
Which of the following phases happens last on the hype cycle curve?
Plateau of Productivity
What are benefits of DaaS?
Rapid deployment (gold image) rapidly scale up/down reduce support cost any user device no data on user devices operating expense
What are snapshots? How are they used?
Records the machine status in a copy. You restore the snapshot for patches or backups.
Product manager needs to track the flow of raw materials from suppliers into her production lines, as well as the flow of finished goods out to the distribution channel.
SCM
Choose a cloud solution the best addresses the scenario: Bob's Biscuits wants to use a cloud-based CRM application to track their customers. BB is a small company and doesn't have any programmers; they can't build their own solution.
SaaS
What are examples of external audits?
Security Availability Processing Integrity Confidentiality Privacy
Consolidation, why does it work?
Server rooms are at capacity (no room or power available).
What is SSO?
Single Sign On- Login once to access multiple systems.
How does server virtualization improve disaster recovery>
Snapshots
DaaS (Desktop as a Service)
Software that separates the desktop environment and associated application software from the physical client device that is used to access it. -rapid deployment -publish applications -rapid scalability -reduce support cost -simple user access -no data stored -low operating expense
"There's much more to the cost of software than just the purchase price." Which of the following acronyms best relates to that statement?
TCO
Gallaugher says that we are in a "golden age of tech entrepreneurship" that is being enabled by three key technologies. Which one of those technologies makes it possible for a startup company to "rent the computing resources one previously had to buy at great expense"?
The Cloud
Open Software Source (OSS) statements that are true
With OSS, you have access to the source code, so can add new features to the program. OSS has no license cost. An OSS product's community does the software development (programming).
How does server virtualization impact a company's IT costs?
You are able to run multiple VM's on a single PM. lower costs
Suppose that you work for a skateboard manufacturer. You're searching the web for images that could be useful in your new catalog. You've found some great stuff at a stock photo website. You vaguely remember Mr. Olson talking about stock photos in ISM3004 when you were an undergraduate at UF. Which of the following statements is most true?
You'll need to purchase the right to use those images from the stock photo site.
What is a gold image? How is it used?
Your computer is configured the way that it is desired, it is then made available as a service provider. Any time you add a new desktop, it automatically connects to the gold standard and all of your computers will be the same.
Standard copyright can be quickly described by the phrase, " ____ reserved." By contrast, Creative Commons uses the phrase " ____ reserved" to describe their approach to content licensing.
all some
What are examples of PaaS?
amazon web services, windows azure
What is AICPA SOC 2?
an audit
What is meant by "look behind the curtain" when discussing cloud solutions?
an offshore company may be doing all the work, even if you don't know about it
OSS: What is Hadoop?
analyzes vast amounts of data
Network effects
as more people use a program or platform, it will entice more people to also use it. -easier to hire those who know how to use the application
How cloud customers can minimize risks?
audits data locations - create requirements "look behind the curtain" - there might be an off-shore group involved disaster recovery plan exit strategy
What measures can cloud users take to minimize risks?
authentication provisioning audits data location
Brings incredible scalability on demand - only pay for what you need
cloud
According to salesforce data
cloud computing is 95% more efficient than standalone servers
What is the term for when you run out of your computing resources in your internal data center, you "burst" the additional workload to an external cloud on an on-demand basis?
cloudbursting
Benefits of OSS
cost (free), reliability, security, scalability, agility and time to the market
Switching costs
costs that make customers reluctant to switch to another product or service
What is software technology that separates the desktop environment and associated application software from the physical client device that is used to access it?
desktop (workstation) virtualization
Radical technological changes in recent decades have made it impossible for many industries and companies to continue operating in their normal way. They have been forced to adapt or become irrelevant. What term do we use for this phenomenon?
disruption
What are benefits of PaaS?
don't buy hardware don't build expensive datacenter install your own software 7x24 support for platform scalable (probably) operating expense
What are benefits of SaaS to the consumer?
don't buy hardware don't install software don't have to patch/upgrade rapid deployment scalability operating expenses
As a tech-savvy business manager, you have an important role in making sure that your organization's application development projects succeed. Three months ago, your organization has decided that it had to write its own custom application software to meet a particular business need. You worked with the developers and other stakeholders to clearly define the business processes, the goals, and your requirements. The development team has now been programming for almost 2 months. Now, months after the specifications were completed, one of your employees says, "Hey, wouldn't it be great if the new application could also do this?" He is proposing an entirely new capability that is not in the project specifications. This request is an example of ___________, which should be avoided.
feature creep
Your organization has decided to implement several cloud-based applications. You do NOT want your users to have different usernames and passwords for each application. In fact, you want them to use their normal corporate credentials to gain access. You will be searching for cloud providers who support ___________________.
federated authentication
The ability to digitize music led to radical changes in the music industry. The MOOC is another technological innovation that we discussed. What industry might that change?
higher education
How do vMotion, HA, and Hyper-V Live Migration improve reliability of systems?
in case of emergency, these help for easy migration of production/services
Back in the 1940s -- before operating systems -- changing the printer on your company's computer could require a substantial rewrite of its software, which was expensive and inefficient. With modern operating systems, when you change your printer, what simple change is needed?
install a device driver for that printer.
enterprise data centers
large rooms to store computers (costs large amounts of money)
OSS: What is Sakai?
learning management systems
How does OSS encourage democratization?
levels the playing field for small businesses
OSS: What is wordpress?
logging platform
Suppose that your company is selecting a cloud-based software service for a critical business function. Your company is legally required to store all of its data in the United States -- no overseas data storage. Which piece of advice below will best help you make sure to follow that law?
look behind the curtain
Suppose that your company is selecting a cloud-based software service for a critical business function. You've picked a vendor that looks great. Excellent customer service. Great software. But... what if things change? What if the vendor is purchased by another company and the quality of their service or software becomes terrible? What if they go bankrupt? What advice will best help protect your company against those risks?
make sure you have an exit strategy
What is an example of SSO?
my gator link
Suppose that for a particular piece of application software, its value to the user increases as the total number of users increase. What term is used for that phenomenon?
network effects
proprietary software
no way of knowing what was inside the product (commercial software)
rogue apps
not approved or sanctioned by the organization for work purposes
What is meant by the cloud?
not knowing the internal details (opacity) -replacing hardware or software with services provided over the internet
How can workstation virtualization improve security?
not risking host integrity take snapshots run everything in virtual machines
What are examples of the cloud?
office 365, amazon, gmail, salesforce
Examples of SaaS?
office 365, google apps, salesforce
Linux
open source operating system- Available for desktops, Google runs on Linux
How is LAMP stack used?
open source products power the internet's most popular websites
Brings new competition and innovation to the software industry
open source software
What are the top two reasons why IT projects fail?
poor business analysis and poor requirements specification
What is the black box?
proprietary software
Which software model could not be added to or changed?
propriety software
Which of the following is not one of the cost savings you'd expect from virtualizing your company's servers?
purchase fewer OS licenses
How does server virtualization impact enterprise data centers and server rooms?
reduce server room costs
SaaS (Software as a Service)
refers to a third-party software (replacing service that is delivered online) no hardware required no software installed no upgrades rapid deployment scalability predicting operating expense
private cloud
refers to pools of computing resources that reside in an organization and that can be served up for specific tasks as needs arrive
private cloud
refers to pools of computing resources that reside inside an organization and that can be served up for specific tasks as needs arrive
What is the masking of server resources, including the number and identity of individual physical servers, processors, and operating systems, from server users?
server virtualization
The term _____________ refers to a phenomenon whereby asset owners can use digital clearinghouses to rent the unused capacity of assets they own. Examples include the following: Turo - a website where individuals offer their personal cars for rent. airbnb - a website that allows people to rent their apartments or homes to travelers
share economy
Who benefits democratization?
small businesses, providers, children in the world
This feature of virtualization systems allows you to get a "do-over" by returning a VM to its operating state at some time in the past.
snapshot
The acronym "EULA" refers to a
software licensing
Democratization
the idea of making technology more accessible
Virtualization
the idea that one computer can run multiple workloads at the same time.
What is dynamic provisioning?
the idea that the cloud provider actually turns off unneeded service
What are the components of LAMP stack?
the most powerful web applications available run off of the L.A.M.P. stack.
Fiber optic ethernet cabling
used for long runs and network infrastructure non-conducting (avoid electrical interference)
What are the risks of cloud?
vendor stability security risks consumerization
Brings flexibility - run Windows on a Mac, etc.
virtualization
Marginal cost to produce an additional copy of software is
virtually zero
Black swan
when a company's server hits an incredible spike in demand. The load exceeds capacity of corporate servers, and has a negative impact on operations.
MAC tells you
who the person is, but not a geographical location
